(a)
(b)
(c)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(i) A packaging which differs only in surface treatment;
(ii) A combination packaging which differs only in that the outer packaging has been successfully tested with different inner packagings. A variety of such inner packagings may be assembled in this outer packaging without further testing;
(iii) A plastic packaging which differs only with regard to additives which conform to § 178.509(b)(3) or § 178.517(b) (4) or (5) of this part;
(iv) A combination packaging with inner packagings conforming to the provisions of paragraph (g) of this section;
(v) Packagings which differ from the design type only in their lesser design height; or
(vi) For a steel drum, variations in design elements which do not constitute a different design type under the provisions of paragraph (g)(8) of this section.
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(1)
(i) Inner packagings of equivalent or smaller size may be used provided—
(A) The inner packagings are of similar design to the tested inner packagings (
(B) The material of construction of the inner packagings (glass, plastic, metal, etc.) offers resistance to impact and stacking forces equal to or greater than that of the originally tested inner packaging;
(C) The inner packagings have the same or smaller openings and the closure is of similar design (e.g., screw cap, friction lid, etc.);
(D) Sufficient additional cushioning material is used to take up void spaces and to prevent significant moving of the inner packagings;
(E) Inner packagings are oriented within the outer packaging in the same manner as in the tested package; and,
(F) The gross mass of the package does not exceed that originally tested.
(ii) A lesser number of the tested inner packagings, or of the alternative types of inner packagings identified in paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this section, may be used provided sufficient cushioning is added to fill void space(s) and to prevent significant moving of the inner packagings.
(2)
(i) The outer packaging must have been successfully tested in accordance with § 178.603 with fragile (e.g. glass) inner packagings containing liquids at the Packing Group I drop height;
(ii) The total combined gross mass of inner packagings may not exceed one-half the gross mass of inner packagings used for the drop test;
(iii) The thickness of cushioning material between inner packagings and between inner packagings and the outside of the packaging may not be reduced below the corresponding thickness in the originally tested packaging; and when a single inner packaging was used in the original test, the thickness of cushioning between inner packagings may not be less than the thickness of cushioning between the outside of the packaging and the inner packaging in the original test. When either fewer or smaller inner packagings are used (as compared to the inner packagings used in the drop test), sufficient additional cushioning material must be used to take up void spaces.
(iv) The outer packaging must have successfully passed the stacking test set forth in § 178.606 of this subpart when empty, i.e., without either inner packagings or cushioning materials. The total mass of identical packages must be based on the combined mass of inner packagings used for the drop test;
(v) Inner packagings containing liquids must be completely surrounded with a sufficient quantity of absorbent material to absorb the entire liquid contents of the inner packagings;
(vi) When the outer packaging is intended to contain inner packagings for liquids and is not leakproof or is intended to contain inner packagings for solids and is not siftproof, a means of containing any liquid or solid contents in the event of leakage must be provided in the form of a leakproof liner, plastic bag, or other equally efficient means of containment. For packagings containing liquids, the absorbent material required in paragraph (g)(2)(v) of this section must be placed inside as the means of containing liquid contents; and
(vii) Packagings must be marked in accordance with § 178.503 of this part as having been tested to Packing Group I performance for combination packagings. The marked maximum gross mass may not exceed the sum of the mass of the outer packaging plus one half the mass of the filled inner packagings of the tested combination packaging. In addition, the marking required by § 178.503(a)(2) of this part must include the letter “V”.
(3)
(4)
(i) Each external dimension (length, width and height) is less than or equal to the corresponding dimension of the tested design-type;
(ii) The structural design of the tested outer packaging (
(iii) The inner packagings are identical to the inner packagings used in the tested design type except that their size and mass may be less; and they are
(iv) The same type or design of absorbent materials, cushioning materials and any other components necessary to contain and protect inner packagings, as used in the tested design type, are maintained. The thickness of cushioning material between inner packagings and between inner packagings and the outside of the packaging may not be less than the thicknesses in the tested design type packaging; and
(v) Sufficient additional cushioning material is used to take up void spaces and to prevent significant moving of the inner packagings.
(5)
(i) A packaging with the replacement closure devices or gasketing must successfully pass the drop test specified in § 178.603 in the orientation which most severely tests the integrity of the closure or gasket;
(ii) When intended to contain liquids, a packaging with the replacement closure devices or gasketing must successfully pass the leakproofness test specified in § 178.604, the hydrostatic pressure test specified in § 178.605, and the stacking test specified in § 178.606.
(6) The provisions in Variations 1, 2, and 4 in paragraphs (g)(1), (2) and (4) of this section for combination packagings may be applied to packagings containing articles, where the provisions for inner packagings are applied analogously to the articles. In this case, inner packagings need not comply with § 173.27(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this subchapter.
(7)
(8) For a steel drum with a capacity greater than 12 L (3 gallons) manufactured from low carbon, cold-rolled sheet steel meeting ASTM designations A 366/A 366M or A 568/A 568M, variations in elements other than the following design elements are considered minor and do not constitute a different drum design type, or “different packaging” as defined in paragraph (c) of this section for which design qualification testing and periodic retesting are
(i) The packaging type and category of the original drum and the remanufactured drum,
(ii) The style, (
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, the rated (marked) capacity and outside dimensions;
(iv) The physical state for which the packaging was originally approved (e.g., tested for solids or liquids);
(v) An increase in the marked level of performance of the original drum (
(vi) Type of side seam welding;
(vii) Type of steel;
(viii) An increase greater than 10% or any decrease in the steel thickness of the head, body, or bottom;
(ix) End seam type, (e.g., triple or double seam);
(x) A reduction in the number of rolling hoops (beads) which equal or exceed the diameter over the chimes;
(xi) The location, type or size, and material of closures (other than the cover of UN 1A2 drums);
(xii) The location (e.g., from the head to the body), type (e.g., mechanically seamed or welded flange), and materials of closure (other than the cover of UN 1A2 drums); and
(xiii) For UN 1A2 drums:
(A) Gasket material (e.g., plastic), or properties affecting the performance of the gasket;
(B) Configuration or dimensions of the gasket;
(C) Closure ring style including bolt size (e.g., square or round back, 0.625 inches bolt); and
(D) Closure ring thickness,
(E) Width of lugs or extensions in crimp/lug cover.
(h)
(i)
(1) Conduct performance tests, or have tests conducted by an independent testing facility, in accordance with this subpart; or
(2) Supply packagings, in quantities sufficient to conduct tests in accordance with this subpart, to the Associate Administrator or a designated representative of the Associate Administrator.
(j)
(k)
(1)
(i) The packaging must be tested in accordance with this subpart by subjecting each of the three containers to the following sequence of tests:
(A) The stacking test in § 178.606,
(B) The leakproofness test in § 178.604,
(C) The hydrostatic pressure test in § 178.608, and
(D) Diagonal top chime and flat on the side drop tests in § 178.603. Both
(ii) For periodic retesting of stainless steel drums, a reduced sample size of one container is authorized.
(2)
(l)
(1) The test report must be maintained at each location where the packaging is manufactured, certified, and a design qualification test or periodic retest is conducted as follows:
(2) The test report must be made available to a user of a packaging or a representative of the Department upon request. The test report, at a minimum, must contain the following information:
(i) Name and address of test facility;
(ii) Name and address of applicant (where appropriate);
(iii) A unique test report identification;
(iv) Date of the test report;
(v) Manufacturer of the packaging;
(vi) Description of the packaging design type (e.g., dimensions, materials, closures, thickness,
(vii) Maximum capacity;
(viii) Characteristics of test contents, including for plastic packagings subject to the hydrostatic pressure test in § 178.605 of this subpart, the temperature of the water used;
(ix) Test descriptions and results; and
(x) Signed with the name and title of signatory.