[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 648 Introduced in House (IH)]
110th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 648
To amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, and for
other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
January 23, 2007
Mr. Young of Alaska introduced the following bill; which was referred
to the Committee on Education and Labor
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``No Child Left
Behind Improvements Act of 2007''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. References.
TITLE I--MEASURING ADEQUATE YEARLY PROGRESS
Sec. 101. Measuring adequate yearly progress of groups.
Sec. 102. Intermediate goals need not increase in equal increments for
all groups.
Sec. 103. Alternative approaches to measuring adequate yearly progress.
Sec. 104. Participation of students in assessments.
Sec. 105. Students with disabilities requiring alternate assessments.
Sec. 106. Assessments.
Sec. 107. Regulations.
TITLE II--STATE FLEXIBILITY
Sec. 201. State flexibility.
TITLE III--IMPLEMENTATION OF SANCTIONS
Sec. 301. School improvement and public school choice.
Sec. 302. School district improvement.
Sec. 303. Supplemental services.
Sec. 304. Full implementation.
TITLE IV--NON-PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Sec. 401. Participation of children enrolled in private schools.
TITLE V--EFFECTIVE DATE AND REGULATIONS
Sec. 501. Effective date.
Sec. 202. Regulations.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Except as otherwise specifically provided, whenever in this Act an
amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or a
repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be
considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Elementary
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 6200 et seq.).
TITLE I--MEASURING ADEQUATE YEARLY PROGRESS
SEC. 101. MEASURING ADEQUATE YEARLY PROGRESS OF GROUPS.
(a) ``N'' Size May Vary by Size of School or LEA.--The following
provisions are each amended by inserting after ``reliable information''
the following: ``(the `number' required to be `insufficient' being
greater, at the option of the State, for a local educational agency
than for a school, and varying, at the option of the State, from agency
to agency and school to school in proportion to total enrollment)'':
(1) In section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311)--
(A) subsection (b)(2)(C)(v), in the matter after
subclause (II)(dd);
(B) subsection (b)(2)(I)(ii);
(C) subsection (b)(3)(C)(xiii); and
(D) subsection (h)(C)(i).
(2) Section 1431(b) (20 U.S.C. 6471(b)).
(b) Permitting Fewer Students in Group to Demonstrate Progress to
Meet AYP ``Safe Harbor''.--Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further
amended in subsection (b)(2)(I)(i) by striking ``10 percent'' and
inserting ``5 percent''.
(c) Counting Students Who Are in More Than One Group.--Section 1111
(20 U.S.C. 6311) is further amended in subsection (b)(2) by adding at
the end the following:
``(L) Counting students who are in more than one
group.--For the purpose of determining adequate yearly
progress, the State may establish a uniform procedure
for counting students under which a student who belongs
to more than one of the groups described in
subparagraph (C)(v) is counted toward each such group
to which the student belongs as a fraction of 1
student, the numerator of the fraction being 1 and the
denominator being the number of such groups to which
the student belongs.''.
SEC. 102. INTERMEDIATE GOALS NEED NOT INCREASE IN EQUAL INCREMENTS FOR
ALL GROUPS.
Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further amended in subsection
(b)(2)(H)(i)--
(1) by striking ``in equal increments''; and
(2) by inserting before the semicolon at the end the
following: ``in--
``(aa) increments defined by the
State as appropriate for the group, for
each of the groups of students
described in subparagraph (C)(v); and
``(bb) equal increments, for all
other students.''.
SEC. 103. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO MEASURING ADEQUATE YEARLY PROGRESS.
(a) Expansion of AYP to Include Gain Scores and Partial Credit for
Meeting Basic Targets.--Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further
amended in subsection (b)(2)(C)(vii) by inserting after ``such as'' the
following: ``achievement under a `gain score' approach (such as a
value-added system), progress toward meeting basic proficiency
targets,''.
(b) Alternatives to AYP.--Such section is further amended in
subsection (b)(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(M) Alternate methods of defining adequate yearly
progress.--In lieu of defining adequate yearly progress
under subparagraph (C), the State may define adequate
yearly progress in any manner that--
``(i) uses the measures of performance and
progress described in subparagraph (A);
``(ii) complies with the timeline required
by subparagraph (F); and
``(iii) includes intermediate goals, as
required by subparagraph (H).
``(N) Additional methods of defining adequate
yearly progress.--
``(i) In general.--For the purpose of
meeting the requirements of this section, the
State educational agency may identify a school
or local educational agency as having made
adequate yearly progress pursuant to
subparagraph (I) in any year in which one or
more groups described in clause (v) of
subparagraph (C) in that school or local
educational agency do not meet or exceed the
proficient level established under subparagraph
(G) in a subject to which the accountability
provisions of this subsection applies or do not
meet the requirement for any other indicator
established under subparagraph (D) if--
``(I) the same group or groups did
not fail to meet the requirements for
adequate yearly progress for that same
subject or the other indicator in the
previous year as determined without
using the provisions of this
subparagraph; and
``(II) the number of students who
did not meet or exceed the proficient
level in such group or groups is not
greater in the aggregate than a
percentage determined by the State
educational agency but not in excess of
10 percent of the students enrolled in
the school or local educational agency,
as the case may be, in grades that were
assessed in that subject or indicator
for adequate yearly progress.
``(ii) Greater percentage.--The Secretary
may, on an individual State basis, approve a
greater percentage than the amount set forth in
clause (i)(II) for determining whether a school
or local educational agency has met the
requirements for adequate yearly progress if--
``(I) the percentage over that
amount is consistent with the
accountability system of the State and
is proposed as an amendment to the
State plan required by this section;
and
``(II) the State educational agency
applies a lower status designation of
adequate yearly progress to any school
or local educational agency that
utilizes the percentage approved under
this clause for determining that
adequate yearly progress was met.''.
SEC. 104. PARTICIPATION OF STUDENTS IN ASSESSMENTS.
(a) Percentage of Students Required to Take Assessments.--Section
1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further amended in subsection (b)(2)(I)(ii)--
(1) by striking ``95 percent'' the first place such term
appears and inserting ``a percentage (from 90 to 95 percent,
based on criteria established in the State plan)''; and
(2) by striking ``95 percent'' the second place such term
appears and inserting ``percentage''.
(b) Determining Participation Rates.--Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311)
is further amended in subsection (b)(2) by adding at the end the
following:
``(N) Students exempt from participating in
assessments.--For the purpose of determining compliance
with the percentage required by subparagraph (I)(ii),
the State may provide for a student to be excluded from
the determination with respect to an assessment if any
of the following apply:
``(i) Excused absence.--The student did not
take that assessment by reason of--
``(I) a medical condition;
``(II) a parental decision to
exempt the student, if such a decision
is available under, and exercised
pursuant to, State law; or
``(III) a circumstance out of the
control of the student, school, or
local educational agency, such as a
natural disaster.
``(ii) Chronic non-attendance.--Each of the
following is true:
``(I) The student did not take the
assessment and has demonstrated an
unusual and chronic pattern of non-
attendance, as defined by the State.
``(II) The local educational agency
in which the student is enrolled is
implementing a plan to increase
participation in the assessments by
students demonstrating such a pattern
of non-attendance.
``(O) Students assigned `below basic' score by
default.--For the purpose of determining adequate
yearly progress, and for the purpose of determining
compliance with the percentage required by subparagraph
(I)(ii), a student who does not take an assessment and
who is not excluded under subparagraph (N) may, if the
State plan so provides, be treated as having taken the
assessment and having achieved a score below the level
described in paragraph (1)(D)(ii)(III) (below
basic).''.
SEC. 105. STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES REQUIRING ALTERNATE ASSESSMENTS.
Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further amended in subsection
(b)(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(P) Students with disabilities requiring
alternate assessments.--Consistent with paragraph (3),
a State may implement the amendments made to part 200
of title 34, Code of Federal Regulations, on December
9, 2003 (68 Fed. Reg. 68698) (related to achievement of
students with significant cognitive disabilities) as if
such amendments--
``(i) permitted 3 percent of such students
to be counted for the purposes of determining
adequate yearly progress, except that--
``(I) any assessment given to any
such student for the purposes of
determining such adequate yearly
progress must be required by the
individualized education plan of such
student;
``(II) the individualized education
plan must reflect the need for any such
alternate assessment based on the
evaluation of such student and the
services provided such student under
section 614 of the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (42 U.S.C.
1400 et seq.); and
``(III) the individualized
education plan must include written
consent from the parent of such student
prior to such alternate assessment
being administered;
``(ii) used the term `students requiring
alternate assessments' in lieu of the term
`students with the most significant cognitive
disabilities'; and
``(iii) permitted the eligibility of such
students to be determined by the State
educational agency, except that such
eligibility shall, at a minimum, include--
``(I) students who are receiving
services pursuant to a plan required
under section 504 of the Rehabilitation
Act of 1973 and part 104 of title 34,
Code of Federal Regulations;
``(II) students who are assessed at
a grade level below the grade level in
which they are enrolled (out of level
assessments); and
``(III) include students considered
students with the most significant
cognitive disabilities, as defined by
the state educational agency, prior to
the enactment of the No Child Left
Behind Improvements Act of 2007.''.
SEC. 106. ASSESSMENTS.
Section 1111(b)(3)(C) (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(3)(C)) is amended--
(1) in clause (ix) by striking subclause (III) and
inserting the following:
``(III) the inclusion of limited
English proficient students, who--
``(aa) may, consistent with
paragraph (2)(P), be assessed,
as determined by the local
educational agency, through the
use of an assessment which
requires achievement of
specific gains for up to three
school years from the first
year any such student is
assessed for the purposes of
this subsection;
``(bb) may, at the option
of the State educational
agency, be assessed in the
first year any such student
attended school in the United
States (not including Puerto
Rico);
``(cc) shall not be
included in any calculation of
adequate yearly progress when
such students are in the first
year of attending school in the
United States (not including
Puerto Rico); and
``(dd) shall be assessed in
a valid and reliable manner and
provided reasonable
accommodations on assessments
administered to such students
under this paragraph,
including, to the extent
practicable, assessments in the
language and form most likely
to yield accurate data on what
such students know and can do
in academic content areas,
until such students have
achieved English language
proficiency as determined under
paragraph (7);'';
(2) in clause (xiv) by striking ``and'' at the end;
(3) by redesignating clause (xv) as clause (xvii); and
(4) by inserting after clause (xiv) the following:
``(xv) at the option of the local
educational agency, be administered multiple
times to any such student during the school
year, or (at the option of the State) a
subsequent date prior to the beginning of the
next school year, provided that the local
educational agency shall determine which score
of any such administration be used for
determining adequate yearly progress;
``(xvi) at the option of the school
district, measure the achievement of a student
as if such student were in the grade level
proceeding the grade level of such student,
provided that--
``(I) if such student meets the
proficient level of achievement for
such proceeding grade level, such score
shall be used to determine adequate
yearly progress for such proceeding
grade level; and
``(II) if such student does not
meet the proficient level of
achievement for such proceeding grade
level, such score is not used for the
purposes of determining adequate yearly
progress; and''.
SEC. 107. REGULATIONS.
Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is further amended by adding at the
end the following:
``(o) Regulations.--
``(1) Codification of regulations affecting limited english
proficient children.--This part shall be implemented consistent
with amendments proposed to part 200 of title 34, Code of
Federal Regulations, on June 24, 2004 (69 Fed. Reg. 35462)
(relating to the assessment of limited English proficient
children and the inclusion of limited English proficient
children in subgroups) as if such amendments permitted students
who were previously identified as limited English proficient to
be included in the group described in subsection
(b)(2)(C)(v)(II)(dd) for three additional years, as determined
by a local educational agency (based on the individual needs of
a child) for the purposes of determining adequate yearly
progress.
``(2) Issuance of regulations affecting children with
disabilities.--The Secretary shall issue regulations not later
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the No Child
Left Behind Improvements Act of 2006 regarding the
participation of children with disabilities under this part.
Such regulations shall permit a State to include, for up to
three years, students who were children with disabilities as
part of the group described under section
1111(b)(2)(C)(v)(II)(cc) but who are no longer identified as
children with disabilities. Students with disabilities may be
provided an alternate assessment, including an out of level
assessment, if deemed appropriate by the individual education
plan team for that student and included within the written
individual education plan for that student.''.
TITLE II--STATE FLEXIBILITY
SEC. 201. STATE FLEXIBILITY.
Section 1111 (20 U.S.C. 6311) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (f) through (m) as
subsections (g) through (n); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
``(f) State Flexibility.--
``(1) Plans.--In approving plans under subsection (e), the
Secretary shall accord a State maximum flexibility to make such
plans and any revisions compatible with the accountability
system of such State.
``(2) Waivers.--Through the authority provided under part D
of title IX, the Secretary may grant a waiver of any statutory
or regulatory requirement of this part requested by a State
educational agency or local educational agency.
``(3) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the
approval of any revisions to the plan of a State, or the
granting of any waivers described under paragraph (2), the
Secretary shall notify each State educational agency of such
revision or waiver and, through the website of the Department
of Education and the Federal Register, the public. The
notification described in the preceding sentence shall be in
writing and include a clear and complete explanation of such
revision or wavier.
``(4) Applicability of plan revisions and waivers to other
agencies.--A revision to a plan approved under this part or a
waiver issued under this subsection or under part D of title IX
may be applied in any other State or local educational agency,
provided the State or agency meets any requirements issued by
the Secretary applicable to such revision or waiver as
implemented by such State or agency.''.
TITLE III--IMPLEMENTATION OF SANCTIONS
SEC. 301. SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT AND PUBLIC SCHOOL CHOICE.
Section 1116(b) (20 U.S.C. 6316(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)(A) by inserting after ``2 consecutive
years'' the following: ``(in the same subject for the same
group of students, as described in section 1111(b)(2)(C)(v))'';
(2) in paragraph (1)(E)(i)--
(A) by striking ``In the case'' and inserting
``Consistent with subparagraph (G), in the case'';
(B) by striking ``all students enrolled in the
school'' and inserting ``students who failed to meet
the proficient level of achievement on the assessments
described under section 1111(b)(3) and are in the group
whose academic performance caused the identification
under this paragraph''; and
(C) by striking ``another public school'' and
inserting ``one other public school identified and'';
(3) in paragraph (1)(E) by adding at the end the following:
``(iii) Special conditions.--A local
educational agency shall not be required to
implement the transfer of a student to a school
under this subparagraph if doing so would--
``(I) violate a State or local law
or policy relating to health, safety,
or class size;
``(II) result in overcrowding, the
installation of mobile classrooms,
construction of classrooms, or other
significant capital improvements in
that school; or
``(III) be impractical due to
distance, geographical barriers or
hazards, time of travel, or unusually
high cost of travel.'';
(4) in paragraph (1) by adding at the end the following:
``(G) Options.--A local educational agency may
offer supplemental services as described in subsection
(e) in place of the option to transfer to one or more
public schools described in subparagraph (E) for the
purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraphs
(5)(A), (7)(C)(i), or (8)(A)(i).'';
(5) in paragraph (5) by inserting after ``adequate yearly
progress'' the following: ``(in the same subject for the same
group of students)'';
(6) in paragraph (7)(C) by inserting after ``adequate
yearly progress'' the following: ``(in the same subject for the
same group of students)'';
(7) in paragraph (7)(C)(i)--
(A) by striking ``all''; and
(B) by striking ``another'' and inserting ``an
other'';
(8) in paragraph (7) by amending subparagraph (D) to read
as follows:
``(D) Delay.--Notwithstanding any other provision
of this paragraph, the local educational agency may
delay, for a period not to exceed 1 year,
implementation of the requirements under paragraph (5),
corrective action under this paragraph, or
restructuring under paragraph (8) if the school makes
adequate yearly progress for 1 year or if its failure
to make adequate yearly progress is due to--
``(i) exceptional or uncontrollable
circumstances, such as a natural disaster;
``(ii) a precipitous and unforeseen decline
in the financial resources of the local
educational agency or school; or
``(iii) a sudden or significant increase in
the number of percentage of students
represented by a group described in section
1111(b)(2)(C)(v).
No such period shall be taken into account in
determining the number of consecutive years of failure
to make adequate yearly progress.'';
(9) in paragraph (8)(A) by inserting after ``adequate
yearly progress'' the following: ``in the same subject for the
same group of students and the total number of students who did
not meet or exceed the proficient level of academic achievement
(who are members of a group described in section
1111(b)(2)(C)(v)) that did not make adequate yearly progress
exceed 35 percent of all students enrolled in such school who
took the assessment in such subject'';
(10) in paragraph (8)(A)(i)--
(A) by striking ``all''; and
(B) by striking ``another'' and inserting ``an
other'';
(11) in paragraph (10) by adding at the end the following:
``(E) Determination that lesser amount is needed.--
``(i) In general.--If a local educational
agency determines under subparagraph (A) that a
lesser amount is needed to comply with
paragraph (9) and to satisfy all requests for
supplemental educational services under
subsection (e), the agency shall be required by
this paragraph to spend only that lesser
amount. The remaining amount (equal to the
difference between that lesser amount and the
amount otherwise required to be spent by
subparagraph (A)) shall be merged back with the
agency's allocation under subpart 2 and shall
be available accordingly.
``(ii) Timing.--A determination described
in clause (i) may not be made--
``(I) until a reasonable time after
notice to parents is made under
paragraph (6) and a reasonable time
after the deadline for making requests
for such transportation or services has
passed; and
``(II) after December 15, or after
the date specified in the State plan,
if the State plan specifies an earlier
date.
``(iii) Assurances.--The remaining amount
may not be merged back with the agency's
allocation, as described in clause (i), until
after the agency notifies the State of the
determination made under clause (i) and
provides assurances to the State that the
determination was made in compliance with this
paragraph.''; and
(12) in paragraph (13) by striking ``is no longer
identified'' and all that follows through the period at the end
and inserting the following: ``has made adequate yearly
progress for the group in which the child is a member in the
same subject for which a failure to meet adequate yearly
progress triggered the transfer.''.
SEC. 302. SCHOOL DISTRICT IMPROVEMENT.
Section 1116(c)(10) (20 U.S.C. 6316(c)(10)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (B) by amending clause (ii) to read as
follows:
``(ii) shall take corrective action with
respect to a local educational agency--
``(I) that fails to make adequate
yearly progress, as defined by the
State, in the same subject, in either
(at the option of the State) each grade
span (as determined by the State) or
averaged across all grades, for a group
described in section 1111(b)(2)(C)(v)
by the end of the second full school
year after the identification of such
agency under paragraph (3); and
``(II) whose total number of
students (who are members of a group
described in section 1111(b)(2)(C)(v))
that did not meet or exceed the
proficient level of academic
achievement exceed 35 percent of all
students enrolled in a school in such
agency who took the assessment in such
subject and averaged across all grades;
and''; and
(2) by amending subparagraph (F) to read as follows:
``(F) Delay.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (B)(ii),
a State educational agency may delay, for a period not
to exceed 1 year, implementation of corrective action
under this paragraph if the local educational agency
makes adequate yearly progress for 1 year or its
failure to make adequate yearly progress is due to--
``(i) exceptional or uncontrollable
circumstances, such as a natural disaster;
``(ii) a precipitous and unforeseen decline
in the financial resources of the local
educational agency; or
``(iii) a sudden or significant increase in
the number or percentage of students
represented by any group described in section
1111(b)(2)(C)(v).''.
SEC. 303. SUPPLEMENTAL SERVICES.
Section 1116(e) (20 U.S.C. 6316(e)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (4)--
(A) in subparagraph (B), by inserting after
``objective criteria'' the following: ``(developed
through continuous consultation with local educational
agencies in the State)'';
(B) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(C) in subparagraph (E) by striking the period at
the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) Develop procedures by which a local
educational agency may--
``(i) present complaints and documentation
of such complaints to the State educational
agency regarding the qualifications, operation,
and evaluation of approved providers and
potential providers seeking such approval; and
``(ii) demonstrate to the State educational
agency that any provider should not be
authorized to provide supplemental services, as
described in this subsection to any school or
schools under the jurisdiction of that local
education agency.'';
(2) by redesignating paragraph (12) as paragraph (13); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (11) the following:
``(12) Local educational agencies as providers.--Nothing in
this section prohibits a local educational agency that has
failed to make adequate yearly progress or is in improvement,
corrective action, or restructuring status pursuant to
subsection (c) from providing supplemental services, solely due
to such failure. In developing and applying objective criteria
under paragraph (4)(B) and withdrawing approval for providers
under paragraph (4)(D), a State educational agency may not
consider whether a local educational agency made adequate
yearly progress or its status under subsection (c).''.
SEC. 304. FULL IMPLEMENTATION.
Section 1116 (20 U.S.C. 6316) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(i) Conditional Implementation.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of this section, a State educational agency, local
educational agency, or school, as applicable, may defer the
requirements of subsections (b)(7) and (8) and subsections (c)(7) and
(10) in any fiscal year for which both of the following apply:
``(1) The amount appropriated under section 1002(a) for
that fiscal year fails to exceed, by at least $2,500,000,000,
the amount appropriated under that section for the preceding
fiscal year.
``(2) The amount appropriated under section 611(i) of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (42 U.S.C. 1400 et
seq.) for that fiscal year fails to exceed, by at least
$2,000,000,000, the amount appropriated under that section for
the preceding fiscal year.''.
TITLE IV--NON-PUBLIC SCHOOLS
SEC. 401. PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN ENROLLED IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
Section 1120 (20 U.S.C. 6320) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1)(D) by inserting after
``academically assessed'' the following: ``(consistent with
subsection (f))''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(f) Accountability for Children Enrolled in Private Schools.--
``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 9506(a), as
specifically provided for in this subsection, children enrolled
in private elementary schools and secondary schools that
receive educational services or other benefits under this part
shall participate in the assessments described under section
1111(b)(3).
``(2) Reporting.--
``(A) The State educational agency shall report the
results of the assessments taken by students in private
elementary and secondary schools by grade and subject
to--
``(i) the private elementary or secondary
school that such students attend; and
``(ii) the local educational agency in
which the such private school is geographically
located in a manner and extent that is
consistent with the provisions of section
1111(i) and the function of the local
educational agency under section 1120(b).
``(B) A private elementary or secondary school
shall report the assessment results received from the
State educational agency under subparagraph (A) to the
parents of students enrolled in such school who receive
services under this part in writing and in the native
language of the parent in a manner and extent
consistent with the provisions of subsection 1111(i).
``(3) Effectiveness of services.--Based on the results of
the assessments described under paragraph (1), a State
educational agency may determine that such services received by
children under this section be ceased in schools when such
results, compared to a comparable cohort of children enrolled
in a public school in the school district of the local
educational agency, are significantly lower and such schools do
not meet the definition of adequate yearly progress established
by the State in which the private school is located for 3 or
more consecutive years.''.
TITLE V--EFFECTIVE DATE AND REGULATIONS
SEC. 501. EFFECTIVE DATE.
Except as specifically provided in this Act, the amendments made by
this Act shall be effective upon the first July 1 after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
SEC. 502. REGULATIONS.
The Secretary of Education shall issue regulations as necessary to
implement the provisions of this Act not later than 180 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act.
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