[Senate Report 111-185]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 374
111th Congress Report
SENATE
2d Session 111-185
======================================================================
SENATOR PAUL SIMON WATER FOR
THE WORLD ACT OF 2009
_______
May 13, 2010.--Ordered to be printed
Mr. Kerry, from the Committee on Foreign Relations,
submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany S. 624]
The Committee on Foreign Relations, having had under
consideration the bill (S. 624) to provide 100,000,000 people
with first-time access to safe drinking water and sanitation on
a sustainable basis by 2015 by improving the capacity of the
United States Government to fully implement the Senator Paul
Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005, reports favorably thereon
with an amendment in the nature of a subsitute and recommends
that the bill (as amended) do pass.
CONTENTS
Page
I. Purpose..........................................................1
II. Committee Action.................................................1
III. Discussion.......................................................1
IV. Cost Estimate....................................................4
V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact..................................8
VI. Changes in Existing Law..........................................8
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of S. 624 is to target underdeveloped countries
with focused initiatives to improve access to clean water and
sanitation.
II. COMMITTEE ACTION
S. 624 was introduced by Senator Durbin on March 17, 2009.
Senator Corker and Senator Murray are original cosponsors. On
April 13, 2010, the committee considered S.624 and ordered it
reported favorably with an amendment in the nature of a
substitute by voice vote.
III. DISCUSSION
S. 624, the Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of
2009 (the ``Act''), builds on the progress achieved through the
2005 Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act (P.L. 109-121)
by seeking to provide 100 million people with first-time access
to safe drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis
within six years through direct funding, development
activities, and partnerships, and authorizes such sums as
necessary to meet this goal.
It supports strengthening the human infrastructure at
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and
the State Department to ensure that water remains a development
priority. It also fosters global cooperation on research and
technology development, including regional partnerships among
experts on clean water. Lastly, it provides technical
assistance and capacity-building to develop expertise within
countries facing water and sanitation challenges.
Over the past four years, the 2005 Water for the Poor Act
has achieved much success. For example in 2009, the Act helped
the U.S. provide nearly 2 million people with first-time access
to an improved source of drinking water and more than 1.5
million people to improved sanitation. However, water will
continue to be one of the world's most pressing problems over
the next century.
Nearly one billion people continue to lack access to clean,
safe water and as many as three billion may face shortages by
2025 due in part to the effects of global warming. And two
people out of every five in the world do not have access to
basic sanitation services. Inadequate water and sanitation
contributes to nearly ten percent of the world's disease and
more than two million deaths each year. Water scarcity has also
contributed to political unrest in Sudan and other countries.
The committee recognizes that the Water for the World Act
will help strengthen global security by defusing tensions that
are growing within and among nations as people react to the
shortage of clean water and other emerging crises.
The amendment in the nature of a substitute that was
reported favorably out of the committee provided additional
linkages between clean water and global food security efforts.
It modified the proposed ``Office of Water'' at USAID to a
``Senior Advisor for Water at USAID,'' to allow the Agency
greater flexibility to implement clean water and sanitation
programs. Finally, the amendment also modifies Section 10(b)--
use of funds--by striking a directive that would cap funding of
water resource management activities at 20 percent of amounts
appropriated. Instead, the amendment urges that funds
appropriated ``shall be primarily allocated'' for activities
related to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. The
committee recognizes that the purpose and intent of the Act
should focus on providing safe drinking water, sanitation and
hygiene, but the committee also recognizes that broad benefits
can derive from water resource management activities and
believes it is important to allow country priorities and
specific mission expertise guide the design of water related
programs.
The committee notes that in past years, efforts by USAID
and other agencies to implement the Act have not always
occurred in a comprehensive or integrated fashion. It is
important that development efforts related to water are
integrated within a broader country development framework and
reflect needs and priorities identified by the country in
question. Section 6 includes an important amendment to the 2005
Water for the Poor Act to emphasize this point, directing the
water coordinator to:
[T]ake actions to ensure that the safe water and
sanitation strategy is integrated into any review or
development of a Federal strategy for global
development, global health, or global food security
that sets forth or establishes the United States
mission for global development, guidelines for
assistance programs, and how development policy will be
coordinated with policies governing trade, immigration,
and other relevant international issues.
Water activities should not take place in isolation or in a
vacuum but should be integrated in a broader development
framework.
The committee also notes that while the authorization of
appropriations is primarily for activities related to safe
drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene, this should not
preclude general resource management activities. The committee
believes there are many different ways to lead to improved
access to safe drinking water, and that infrastructure
investments and related management activities are important
components to that equation. Finally, the committee observes
that in a time of scarce development resources and significant
development funds diverted to priorities in Afghanistan,
Pakistan and Iraq, official U.S. development assistance towards
water activities, by itself, may not lead to achievement of the
Act's goal. However, direct funding is but one means to achieve
the safe drinking water goal--the Act specifically notes that
development activities and outside partnerships are other means
by which 100 million people may be provide with safe drinking
water within six years of enactment.
The sections below detail several important improvements
included in the legislation.
Developing United States Government Capacity.
Section 5 amends section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act
and requires the Administrator of USAID to designate a ``Senior
Advisor for Water'' to coordinate and conduct the activities
described in Section 5 and the 2005 Water for Poor Act. Duties
include developing and overseeing implementation and
coordination in high priority countries of country-specific
water strategies and expertise. This section also requires the
Secretary of State to establish within the State Department a
``Special Coordinator for International Water'' to report to
the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs. This
official will be responsible for overseeing and coordinating
the diplomatic policy of the United States with respect to
global freshwater issues and ensure that these issues are
represented both within the United States Government and in key
international fora. The committee looks forward to a more
streamlined, integrated, accountable and coordinated approach
to addressing the challenges of increasing access to safe
drinking water and sanitation in high priority countries, in
the context of broader resource management activities.
Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy.
Section 6 amends Section 6 of the 2005 Water for Poor Act
to require that the safe water and sanitation strategy provided
for in the Act include an assessment of all U.S. government
foreign assistance allocated to the drinking water and
sanitation sector during the previous 3 fiscal years and across
all U.S. government agencies and programs. The committee
recognizes the importance of achieving the 100 million people
goal for enabling first-time access to safe water and
sanitation. To this end, this section includes recommendations
on what the United States would need to do to support this
goal, and how the U.S. Government can leverage critical outside
partnerships in support of this goal.
Water and Sanitation Institutional Capacity-building Program.
Section 7 amends the 2005 Water for Poor Act to provide for
the establishment of a water and sanitation institutional
capacity-building program in high priority countries. This
section mandates the creation a program for both the host
country institutions and officials responsible for water and
sanitation in countries that receive assistance to have access
to training to provide affordable, equitable and sustainable
access to safe drinking water and sanitation, education about
the dangers of unsafe drinking water and sanitation, and
encourage behavior change to reduce individuals' risk of
disease due to these conditions. Given the benefit of this type
of program, this section includes the ability for the Secretary
of State and Administrator of USAID to expand this program to
additional countries beyond those designated as high priority.
Monitoring and Evaluation.
Section 9 states a Sense of the Congress regarding the
importance for consistent and systematic evaluation of the
impacts of foreign assistance and the importance of the design
of assistance programs. This section also highlights the
significance of high quality evaluation and lessons learned
within agencies managing foreign assistance programs.
Update Report Regarding Water for Peace and Security.
Section 10 amends Section 11(b) of the 2005 Water for Poor
Act to add to the reporting requirement an assessment of
current and likely future political tensions and the impacts of
global climate change on water supplies and agricultural
productivity. The committee has held several hearings during
this Congress on global climate change and supports efforts to
incorporate these impacts in development assistance. The
committee also recognizes that helping other nations address
the impacts of climate change is not only the humanitarian
thing to do; it is in our national interest.
V. COST ESTIMATE
In accordance with Rule XXVI, paragraph 11(a) of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the committee provides this
estimate of the costs of this legislation prepared by the
Congressional Budget Office.
United States Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, May 4, 2010.
Hon. John F. Kerry,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for S. 624, the Senator
Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2009.
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is John Chin.
Sincerely,
Douglas W. Elmendorf,
Director.
------
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
May 4, 2010.
S. 624
Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2009
AS ORDERED REPORTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ON
APRIL 13, 2010
Summary
S. 624 would authorize the appropriation of the necessary
amounts over the next six years to fully implement the Senator
Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121),
as amended. To that end, the bill would set a new target of
enabling first-time access to improved water supply and
sanitation for 100 million people in certain developing
countries within six years of enactment. In addition, the bill
would require the Secretary of State and the Administrator of
the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to
designate staff at USAID missions abroad and in Washington,
D.C., that would develop, implement, and monitor new and
expanded programs of water supply, sanitation, and technical
assistance.
CBO estimates that implementing S. 624 would cost about $8
billion over the 2011-2015 period, assuming appropriation of
the necessary amounts.
Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation
because it would not affect direct spending or revenues.
S. 624 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal
governments.
Estimated Cost to the Federal Government
The estimated budgetary impact of S. 624 is shown in the
following table. The costs of this legislation fall within
budget function 150 (international affairs).
Changes in Spending Subject to Appropriation Due to S. 624
By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011-2015
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water Supply and Sanitation Assistance
Estimated Authorization Level.................. 2,500 2,525 2,553 2,585 2,623 12,786
Estimated Outlays.............................. 125 1,164 1,946 2,304 2,421 7,960
------------------------------------------------------------
Overseas Personnel
Estimated Authorization Level.................. 8 8 8 8 8 40
Estimated Outlays.............................. 6 8 8 8 8 38
------------------------------------------------------------
Washington, D.C., Personnel
Estimated Authorization Level.................. 2 2 2 2 2 10
Estimated Outlays.............................. 1 2 2 2 2 9
============================================================
Total Changes
Estimated Authorization Level................ 2,510 2,535 2,563 2,595 2,633 12,836
Estimated Outlays............................ 132 1,177 1,956 2,314 2,431 8,007
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basis of Estimate
For this estimate, CBO assumes that S. 624 will be enacted
before the end of fiscal year 2010, that the necessary amounts
will be appropriated each year over the 2011-2015 period, and
that outlays will follow historical spending patterns for
existing programs.
Current Funding for Water-Related Activities
USAID currently provides assistance for various water-
related activities in as many as 75 developing countries, of
which 31 are designated as high-priority countries under
section 6(f) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act
of 2005. Such activities include programs to: provide
vulnerable populations with access to water supply, sanitation,
and hygiene (WSSH) facilities; promote sound water resources
management; and improve the economic productivity of available
water. In 2009, USAID obligated about $578 million for all
water-related activities, of which about $466 million was
obligated for WSSH activities. Preliminary data from USAID
indicates that those WSSH activities will enable first-time
access to improved water supply to almost four million people
and first-time access to improved sanitation to almost two
million people.
In recent years, a portion of funding for water-related
activities related to safe drinking water and sanitation supply
projects has been earmarked from funds made available to the
development assistance account, although funding for that
account has not been reauthorized in many years. In 2010, the
Congress earmarked $315 million for such projects in the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 (Public Law 111-117)
enacted on December 16, 2009. S. 624 would not authorize any
additional funding for such projects in 2010.
Water Supply and Sanitation Assistance
Section 4 would set a target of enabling first-time access
to improved water supply and sanitation, on a sustainable
basis, for 100 million people in high-priority countries over
six years. CBO assumes that each year over the 2011-2016 period
the Congress would appropriate the amounts necessary for USAID
to initiate WSSH projects that would enable such improved
access to one-sixth of the target population (about 17 million
people). However, CBO expects that many of those people would
not actually receive access to improved water supply and
sanitation until after 2016 because it would take time to
obligate funds and execute the projects.
Based on information from the State Department and USAID as
well as the World Health Organization and other international
and nongovernmental organizations, we estimate that on average
it would cost $150 per person in 2011 to provide such access to
improved water supply and sanitation. We therefore estimate
that meeting the target specified in the bill would require the
amount appropriated for WSSH activities to grow five-fold to
$2.5 billion in 2011. We expect those amounts would increase
with inflation in subsequent years. On that basis, CBO
estimates that meeting those targets would cost about $8
billion over the 2011-2015 period, assuming appropriation of
the necessary amounts.
Overseas Personnel
Section 7 would require the Administrator of USAID to
designate staff at the USAID mission in each high-priority
country to coordinate in-country implementation of USAID's
water-sector assistance programs. Most USAID missions in high-
priority countries do not have any Foreign Service officers
working on such activities full-time, although those missions
do employ staff that work on them part-time as part of a
broader portfolio. Based on information from USAID, CBO
estimates that the agency would have to hire the equivalent of
about 25 full-time employees to locally manage the expanded
water-sector programs in high-priority countries at an annual
cost per person of about $300,000. On that basis, and adjusting
for expected inflation, CBO estimates that implementing section
7 would cost $38 million over the 2011-2015 period, assuming
appropriation of the necessary amounts.
Washington, D.C., Personnel
Section 5 would require the Secretary of State and the
Administrator of USAID to designate staff in Washington, D.C.,
to coordinate global water policy and to develop and oversee
water strategies for each high-priority country. The Department
of State and USAID currently have a total of four Civil Service
employees or Foreign Service officers working on water-sector
activities full-time, although those agencies do employ other
staff and contractors that work on such activities. Based on
information from the two agencies, we estimate that the
Department of State and USAID would have to hire the equivalent
of 15 full-time employees to centrally manage the expanded
water-sector programs at an annual cost per person of over
$100,000. On that basis, and adjusting for expected inflation,
CBO estimates that implementing section 5 would cost $9 million
over the 2011-2015 period, assuming appropriation of the
necessary amounts.
Pay-As-You-Go Considerations
None.
Intergovernmental And Private-Sector Impact
S. 624 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
mandates as defined in UMRA and would not affect the budgets of
state, local, or tribal governments.
Estimate Prepared By
Federal Costs: John Chin
Impact on State, Local, and Tribal Governments Burke
Doherty
Impact on the Private Sector Marin Randall
Estimate Approved By
Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget
Analysis
V. EVALUATION OF REGULATORY IMPACT
Pursuant to Rule XXVI, paragraph 11(b) of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, the committee has determined that there is
no regulatory impact as a result of this legislation.
VI. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
In compliance with Rule XXVI, paragraph 12 of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill,
as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be
omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in
italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in
roman).
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
* * * * * * *
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
Chapter 32.--Foreign Assistance
Subchapter I--International Development
PART I.--DECLARATION OF POLICY; DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANCE AUTHORIZATIONS
* * * * * * *
SEC. 135. ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER AND SANITATION
(a) Purposes.--
* * * * * * *
(c) Activities Supported.--Assistance provided under
subsection (b) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be
used to--
(1) expand affordable and equitable access to safe
water and sanitation for underserved populations;
(2) support the design, construction, maintenance,
upkeep, repair, and operation of water delivery and
sanitation systems;
(3) improve the safety and reliability of water
supplies, including environmental management; and
(4) improve the capacity of recipient governments and
local communities, including capacity-building programs
for improved water resource management.
(5) foster global cooperation on research and
technology development, including regional partnerships
among water experts to address safe drinking water,
sanitation, water resource management, and other water-
related issues;
(6) establish regional and cross-border cooperative
activities between scientists and specialists thatwork
to share technologies and best practices, mitigate
shared water challenges, foster international
cooperation, and defuse cross-border tensions;
(7) provide grants through the United States Agency
for International Development to foster the
development, dissemination, and increased and
consistent use of low cost and sustainable
technologies, such as household water treatment, hand
washing stations, and latrines, for providing safe
drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene that are
suitable for use in high priority countries,
particularly in places with limited resources and
infrastructure;
(8) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Department of Agriculture, the
Environmental Protection Agency, the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, and other agencies, as
appropriate, conduct formative and operational research
and monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of programs
that provide safe drinking water and sanitation; and
(9) integrate efforts to promote safe drinking 2
water, sanitation and hygiene with existing foreign3
assistance programs, as appropriate, including
activities focused on food security, HIV/AIDS, malaria,
tuberculosis, maternal and child health, food security,
and nutritional support.
(d) Local Currency.--The President may use payments made in
local currencies under an agreement made under title I of the
Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to provide
assistance under this section.
(e) Senior Advisor for Water.--
(1) In general.--To carry out the purposes of
subsection (a), the Administrator of the United States
Agency for International Development shall designate a
senior advisor to coordinate and conduct the activities
described in this section and the Senator Paul Simon
Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).
The advisor shall report directly to the Administrator
and be known as the ``Senior Advisor for Water''.
(2) Duties.--The Advisor shall--
(A) implement this section and the Senator
Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005
(Public Law 109-121);
(B) develop and oversee implementation in
high priority countries of country-specific10
water strategies and expertise, in coordination
with appropriate United States Agency
forInternational Development Mission Directors,
to enable the goal of providing 100,000,000
additional people with sustainable access to
safe water and sanitation through direct
funding, development activities, and
partnerships within 6 years of the date of the
enactment of the Senator Paul Simon Water for
the World Act of 2009; and
(C) place primary emphasis on providing safe,
affordable, and sustainable drinking
water,sanitation, and hygiene in a manner
that--
(i) is consistent with sound water
resource management principles; and
(ii) utilizes such approaches as
direct service provision, capacity
building, institutional strengthening,
regulatory reform, and partnership
collaboration; and
(D) integrate water strategies with country-
specific or regional food security strategies.
(3) Capacity.--The Advisor shall be designated
appropriate staff and may utilize interagency details
or partnerships with universities, civil society, and
the private sector, as needed, to strengthen
implementation capacity.
(f) Special Coordinator for International Water.--
(1) Establishment.--To increase the capacity of the
Department of State to address international issues
regarding safe water, sanitation, integrated river
basin management, and other international water
programs, the Secretary of State shall establish a
Special Coordinator for International Water (referred
to in this subsection as the ``Special Coordinator''),
who shall report to the Under Secretary for Democracy
and Global Affairs.
(2) Duties.--The Special Coordinator shall--
(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic
policy of the United States Government with
respect to global freshwater issues, including
interagency coordination related to--
(i) sustainable access to safe
drinking water, sanitation, and
hygiene;
(ii) integrated river basin and
watershed management;
(iii) global food security;
(iv) transboundary conflict;
(v) agricultural and urban
productivity of water resources;
(vi) disaster recovery, response, and
rebuilding,
(vii) pollution mitigation; and
(viii) adaptation to hydrologic
change due to climate variability; and
(B) ensure that international freshwater
issues are represented--
(i) within the United States
Government; and
(ii) in key diplomatic, development,
and scientific efforts with other
nations and multilateral organizations.
(3) Support staff.--The Special Coordinator shall be
designated appropriate staff to support the duties
described in paragraph (2).
Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005
* * * * * * *
SEC. 6. SAFE WATER AND SANITATION STRATEGY.
(a) Strategy.--The President, acting through the Secretary
of State, shall develop a strategy to further the United States
foreign assistance objective to provide affordable and
equitable access to safe water and sanitation in developing
countries, as described in section 135 of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 5(a) of this Act.
(b) Consultation.--The strategy required by subsection (a)
shall be developed in consultation with the Administrator of
the United States Agency for International Development, the
heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies,
international organizations, international financial
institutions, recipient governments, United States and
international nongovernmental organizations, indigenous civil
society, and other appropriate entities. The Coordinator shall
take actions to ensure that the safe water and sanitation
strategy is integrated into any review or development of a
Federal strategy for global development, global health, or
global food security that sets forth or establishes the United
States mission for global development, guidelines for
assistance programs, and how development policy will be
coordinated with policies governing trade, immigration, and
other relevant international issues.
(c) Implementation.--The Secretary of State, acting through
the Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development, shall implement the strategy required by
subsection (a). The strategy may also be implemented in part by
other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate. In
developing the program activities needed to implement the
strategy, the Secretary shall consider the results of the
assessment described in subsection (e)(9).
(d) Consistent With Safe Water and Sanitation Policy.--
The strategy required by subsection (a) shall be consistent
with the policy stated in section 3 of this Act.
(e) Content.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall
include--
(1) an assessment of the activities that have been
carried out, or that are planned to be carried out, by
all appropriate Federal departments and agencies to
improve affordable and equitable access to safe water
and sanitation in all countries that receive assistance
from the United States;
(2) specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, and
timetables to achieve the objective described in
subsection (a);
(3) an assessment of the level of funding and other
assistance for United States water and sanitation
programs needed each year to achieve the goals,
benchmarks, and timetables described in paragraph (2);
(4) methods to coordinate and integrate United States
water and sanitation assistance programs with other
United States development assistance programs to
achieve the objective described in subsection (a);
(5) methods to better coordinate United States water
and sanitation assistance programs with programs of
other donor countries and entities to achieve the
objective described in subsection (a); [and]
(6) an assessment of the commitment of governments of
countries that receive assistance under section 135 of
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section
5(a) of this Act, to policies or policy reforms that
support affordable and equitable access by the people
of such countries to safe water and sanitation[.];
(7) an assessment of all United States Government
foreign assistance allocated to the drinking 3 water
and sanitation sector during the 3 previous fiscal
years, across all United States Government agencies and
programs, including an assessment of the extent to
which the United States Government's efforts are
reaching and supporting the goal of enabling first-time
access to safe water and sanitation on a sustainable
basis for 100,000,000 people in high priority
countries;
(8) recommendations on what the United States
Government would need to do to achieve and support the
goals referred to in paragraph (7), in support of the
United Nation's Millennium Development Goal on access
to safe drinking water; and
(9) an assessment of best practices for mobilizing
and leveraging the financial and technical capacity of
business, governments, nongovernmental organizations,
and civil society in forming public-private
partnerships that measurably increase access to safe,
affordable, drinking water and sanitation.
* * * * * * *
SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAM.
(a) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of State and the
Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development (referred to in this section
as the ``Secretary'' and the ``Administrator'',
respectively), in consultation with host country
institutions, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, the Department of Agriculture, and other
agencies, as appropriate, shall establish, in
coordination with mission directors in high priority
countries, a program to build the capacity of host
country institutions and officials responsible for
water and sanitation in countries that receive
assistance under section 135 of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961, including training at appropriate levels,
to--
(A) provide affordable, equitable, and
sustainable access to safe drinking water and
sanitation;
(B) educate the populations of such countries
about the dangers of unsafe drinking water and
lack of proper sanitation; and
(C) encourage behavior change to reduce
individuals' risk of disease from unsafe
drinking water and lack of proper sanitation
and hygiene.
(2) Expansion.--The Secretary and the Administrator
may establish the program described in this section in
additional countries if the receipt of such capacity
building would be beneficial for promoting access to
safe drinking water and sanitation, with due
consideration given to good governance.I22 (3)
Capacity.--The Secretary and the Administrator--
(A) should designate appropriate staff with
relevant expertise to carry out the
strategydeveloped under section 6; and
(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency 20
details or partnerships with universities,
civilsociety, and the private sector to
strengthen implementation capacity.
(b) Designation.--The United States Agency for
International Development Mission Director for each country
receiving a ``high priority'' designation under section 6(f)
and for each region containing a country receiving such
designation shall report annually to Congress on the status
of--
(1) designating safe drinking water and sanitation as
a strategic objective;
(2) integrating the water strategy into a food
security strategy;
(3) assigning an employee of the United States Agency
for International Development as in country water and
sanitation manager to coordinate the in-country
implementation of this Act and section 135 of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152h) with
host country officials at various levels of government
responsible for water and sanitation, the Department of
State, and other relevant United States Government
agencies; and
(4) coordinating with the Development Credit
Authority and the Global Development Alliance to
further the purposes of this Act.
[SEC. 9.] SEC. 10. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING ADDITIONAL WATER AND
SANITATION PROGRAMS.
* * * * * * *
[SEC. 10.] SEC. 11. REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND SECURITY.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
United States programs to support and encourage efforts around
the world to develop river basin, aquifer, and other watershed-
wide mechanismsfor governance and cooperation are critical
components of long-term United States national security and
should be expanded.
(b) Report.--The Secretary of State, in consultation with
the Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development, shall submit to the Committee on International
Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on efforts that the
United States is making to support and promote programs that
develop river basin, aquifer, and other watershed-wide
mechanisms for governance and cooperation. The report submitted
under this subsection shall include an assessment of current
and likely future political tensions over water sources and
multidisciplinary assessment of the expected impacts of global
climate change on water supplies and agricultural productivity
in 10, 25, and 50 years.
* * * * * * *
[SEC. 11.] SEC. 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
* * * * * * *