[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 242 (Thursday, December 17, 1998)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 69554-69556]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-33124]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
26 CFR Parts 1 and 602
[TD 8797]
RIN 1545-AT71
Election to Amortize Start-Up Expenditures for Active Trade or
Business
AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.
ACTION: Final regulations.
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SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations concerning start-up
expenditures for active trade or business under section 195. These
regulations are necessary to provide rules and procedures for electing
to amortize start-up expenditures under section 195. They affect all
taxpayers wishing to amortize start-up expenditures under section 195.
DATES: Effective Date: These regulations are effective December 17,
1998.
Applicability Date: For the date of applicability of these
regulations, see Sec. 1.195-1(d).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Selig, (202) 622-3040 (not a
toll-free number).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Paperwork Reduction Act
The collection of information contained in these final regulations
has been reviewed and approved by the Office of Management and Budget
in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C.
3507(d)) under control number 1545-1582.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless the collection of
information displays a valid control number.
The estimated annual burden per respondent varies from .10 hours to
.50 hours, depending on individual circumstances, with an estimated
average of .25 hours.
Comments concerning the accuracy of this burden estimate and
suggestions for reducing this burden should be sent to the Internal
Revenue Service, Attn: IRS Reports Clearance Officer, PC:FP,
Washington, DC 20224, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Attn:
Desk Officer for the Department of the Treasury, Office of Information
and Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC 20503.
Books or records relating to this collection of information must be
retained as long as their contents may become material in the
administration of any internal revenue law. Generally, tax returns and
tax return information are confidential, as required by 26 U.S.C. 6103.
Background
Section 195 was added to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 by
section 102 of the Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1980, and was amended
by section 94 of the Tax Reform Act of 1984.
Section 195 generally provides that no deduction is allowed for
start-up expenditures unless the taxpayer elects to amortize the
expenditures. Under section 195(b)(1), if the taxpayer elects to
amortize start-up expenditures, the expenditures are amortizable over a
period of not less than 60 months beginning with the month in which the
active trade or business begins. Section 195(d) provides that an
election to amortize start-up expenditures must be made not later than
the time prescribed by law for filing the return for the taxable year
in which the active trade or business begins (including extensions
thereof).
On January 13, 1998, the IRS published a notice of proposed
rulemaking [REG-209373-81] in the Federal Register (63 FR 1933)
proposing amendments to the Income Tax Regulations (26 CFR part 1)
concerning the election to amortize start-up expenditures under section
195 of the Internal Revenue Code. A public hearing was scheduled for
June 2, 1998, pursuant to a notice of public hearing published
simultaneously with the notice of proposed rulemaking. No one requested
to speak at the public hearing, therefore, no public hearing was held.
Written comments responding to the notice were received. After
consideration of all of the comments, the proposed regulations are
adopted as revised by this Treasury decision.
Explanation of Revisions and Discussion of Comments
The proposed regulations provide that an election to amortize
start-up expenditures is made by attaching a
[[Page 69555]]
statement to the taxpayer's income tax return. The income tax return
and statement must be filed not later than the date prescribed by law
for filing the income tax return (including any extensions of time) for
the taxable year in which the active trade or business begins. Thus, a
taxpayer may file an election for any taxable year prior to the year in
which the taxpayer's active trade or business begins, and such election
will become effective in the month of the year in which the taxpayer's
active trade or business begins.
One commentator suggested that the provision in the proposed
regulations permitting the filing of a revised statement to include any
start-up expenditures not included in the taxpayer's original election
statement appears to endorse the practice of those taxpayers who file
elections listing token or zero start-up expenditures on the election
statement and subsequently attempt to increase the amount subject to
amortization by expenditures that taxpayers have been unsuccessful in
maintaining as expansion costs. The provision is not designed to permit
a taxpayer to revise the election statement to include start-up
expenditures omitted by reason of the taxpayer's claim on the
taxpayer's return that the expenditures are expansion costs.
Accordingly, the regulations have been clarified to provide that the
election statement may not be revised to include expenditures that a
taxpayer has treated on the taxpayer's tax return in a manner
inconsistent with their treatment as start-up expenditures.
Another commentator suggested that a separate statement to make the
election under section 195 should not be required for small businesses,
but rather a check-the-box election should be provided. A separate
statement is necessary to ensure that the expenses listed therein are
properly characterized as start-up expenditures, and that amortization
of the start-up expenditures will begin and end at the proper times.
The statement is simple to complete and the time to prepare the
statement is minimal. Accordingly, the final regulations retain the
requirement that a separate statement with the requisite information be
attached to the taxpayer's return.
Special Analyses
It has been determined that this Treasury decision is not a
significant regulatory action as defined in EO 12866. Therefore, a
regulatory assessment is not required. It is hereby certified that
these regulations do not have a significant impact on a substantial
number of small entities. This certification is based upon the fact
that the time required to prepare and file the election statement is
minimal and will not have a significant impact on those small entities
that choose to make the election. Therefore, a Regulatory Flexibility
Analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) is
not required.
Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Internal Revenue Code, the
notice of proposed rulemaking preceding these regulations was submitted
to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration
for comment on its impact on small business.
Drafting information. The principal author of these regulations is
David Selig, Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and
Special Industries), IRS. However, other personnel from the IRS and
Treasury Department participated in their development.
List of Subjects
26 CFR Part 1
Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
26 CFR Part 602
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations
Accordingly, 26 CFR parts 1 and 602 are amended as follows:
PART 1--INCOME TAXES
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in
part as follows:
Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
Par. 2. Section 1.195-1 is added to read as follows:
Sec. 1.195-1 Election to amortize start-up expenditures.
(a) In general. Under section 195(b), a taxpayer may elect to
amortize start-up expenditures (as defined in section 195(c)(1)). A
taxpayer who elects to amortize start-up expenditures must, at the time
of the election, select an amortization period of not less than 60
months, beginning with the month in which the active trade or business
begins. The election applies to all of the taxpayer's start-up
expenditures with respect to the trade or business. The election to
amortize start-up expenditures is irrevocable, and the amortization
period selected by the taxpayer in making the election may not
subsequently be changed.
(b) Time and manner of making election. The election to amortize
start-up expenditures under section 195 shall be made by attaching a
statement containing the information described in paragraph (c) of this
section to the taxpayer's return. The statement must be filed no later
than the date prescribed by law for filing the return (including any
extensions of time) for the taxable year in which the active trade or
business begins. The statement may be filed with a return for any
taxable year prior to the year in which the taxpayer's active trade or
business begins, but no later than the date prescribed in the preceding
sentence. Accordingly, an election under section 195 filed for any
taxable year prior to the year in which the taxpayer's active trade or
business begins (and pursuant to which the taxpayer commenced
amortizing start-up expenditures in that prior year) will become
effective in the month of the year in which the taxpayer's active trade
or business begins.
(c) Information required. The statement shall set forth a
description of the trade or business to which it relates with
sufficient detail so that expenses relating to the trade or business
can be identified properly for the taxable year in which the statement
is filed and for all future taxable years to which it relates. The
statement also shall include the number of months (not less than 60)
over which the expenditures are to be amortized, and to the extent
known at the time the statement is filed, a description of each start-
up expenditure incurred (whether or not paid) and the month in which
the active trade or business began (or was acquired). A revised
statement may be filed to include any start-up expenditures not
included in the taxpayer's original election statement, but the revised
statement may not include any expenditures for which the taxpayer had
previously taken a position on a return inconsistent with their
treatment as start-up expenditures. The revised statement may be filed
with a return filed after the return that contained the election.
(d) Effective date. This section applies to elections filed on or
after December 17, 1998.
PART 602--OMB CONTROL NUMBERS UNDER THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT
Par. 3. The authority citation for part 602 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805.
Par. 4. In Sec. 602.101, paragraph (c) is amended by adding an
entry to the table in numerical order to read as follows:
[[Page 69556]]
Sec. 602.101 OMB Control numbers.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
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Current OMB
CFR part or section where identified and described control No.
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* * * * *
1.195-1.................................................... 1545-1582.
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Bob Wenzel,
Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
Approved: November 30, 1998.
Donald C. Lubick,
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
[FR Doc. 98-33124 Filed 12-16-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-U