[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 74 (Monday, April 19, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 19022-19034]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-9678]
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Parts 916 and 917
[Docket No. FV99-916-2 FR]
Nectarines and Peaches Grown in California; Revision of Handling
Requirements for Fresh Nectarines and Peaches
AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This rule revises the handling requirements for California
nectarines and peaches by modifying the grade, size, maturity, and
container marking requirements for fresh shipments of these fruits,
beginning with 1999 season shipments. This rule also authorizes
continued shipments of ``CA Utility''
[[Page 19023]]
quality nectarines and peaches during the 1999 season with an increased
percentage of U.S. No. 1 nectarines and peaches in each container. This
rule will enable handlers to continue shipping fresh nectarines and
peaches meeting consumer needs in the interest of producers, handlers,
and consumers of these fruits.
EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rule becomes effective April 20, 1999.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Terry Vawter, Marketing Specialist,
California Marketing Field Office, Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 2202 Monterey Street,
suite 102B, Fresno, California 93721; telephone: (559) 487-5901, Fax:
(559) 487-5906; or George Kelhart, Technical Advisor, Marketing Order
Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, room
2525-S, P.O. Box 96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone: (202)
720-2491, Fax: (202) 720-5698. Small businesses may request information
on compliance with this regulation, or obtain a guide on complying with
fruit, vegetable, and specialty crop marketing agreements and orders by
contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit
and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, P.O. Box 96456, room 2525-S,
Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone: (202) 720-2491; Fax: (202) 720-
5698; or E-mail: Jay__N__G[email protected]. You may view the marketing
agreement and order small business compliance guide at the following
web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/moab.html.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final rule is issued under Marketing
Agreements Nos. 124 and 85, and Marketing Order Nos. 916 and 917 (7 CFR
parts 916 and 917) regulating the handling of nectarines and peaches
grown in California, respectively, hereinafter referred to as the
``orders.'' The marketing agreements and orders are effective under the
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601-
674), hereinafter referred to as the ``Act.''
The Department of Agriculture (Department) is issuing this rule in
conformance with Executive Order 12866.
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have retroactive
effect. This rule will not preempt any State or local laws,
regulations, or policies, unless they present an irreconcilable
conflict with this rule.
The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with the Secretary a
petition stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any
obligation imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance
with law and request a modification of the order or to be exempted
therefrom. A handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the
petition. After the hearing the Secretary would rule on the petition.
The Act provides that the district court of the United States in any
district in which the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her
principal place of business, has jurisdiction to review the Secretary's
ruling on the petition, provided an action is filed not later than 20
days after the date of the entry of the ruling.
This final rule revises the handling requirements currently
prescribed for shipments of fresh nectarines and peaches under the
orders.
Under the orders, grade, size, maturity, and container and pack
requirements are established for fresh shipments of California
nectarines and peaches. Such requirements are in effect on a continuing
basis. The Nectarine Administrative Committee (NAC) and the Peach
Commodity Committee (PCC) (committees), which are responsible for local
administration of the orders, met on December 2, 1998, and unanimously
recommended that these handling requirements be revised for the 1999
season, which begins April 1, with one exception. The Nectarine
Administrative Committee voted 4 in favor and 3 opposed to continuing
shipments of ``CA Utility'' quality nectarines with an increased
percentage of U.S. No. 1 nectarines in boxes of ``CA Utility'' quality
nectarines; and the Peach Commodity Committee voted 7 in favor and 4
opposed to continuing shipments of ``CA Utility'' quality peaches with
an increased percentage of U.S. No. 1 peaches in boxes of ``CA
Utility'' quality peaches. The nectarine order requires six concurring
votes on recommendations for regulations and the peach order requires
nine concurring votes on recommendations for regulations. As a result,
these two votes did not meet the minimums prescribed to constitute
official recommendations to the Secretary. Nectarine and peach handlers
have been authorized to ship ``CA Utility'' quality fruit since the
1996 season, and such shipments have comprised about two percent of
total shipments. Such fruit is mature but of a lower quality than U.S.
No. 1 fruit and is acceptable in some markets. If shipments of ``CA
Utility'' quality fruit are not permitted, only higher-quality fruit
could be shipped.
Because prior season experience shows that the authority to ship
``CA Utility'' quality fruit provided additional marketing
opportunities for handlers, the Department proposed continuing to allow
such shipments during 1999, and invited written comments from all
interested persons. One comment supporting the continued shipment of
``CA Utility'' quality fruit was received.
The changes implemented by this final rule: (1) Require that
maturity and ``CA Utility'' quality marking of containers be a minimum
of \3/8\ inch in height; (2) require that experimental containers and
22G containers be marked with both the size and the count of fruit
contained in the package; (3) require that master containers of
consumer packages be marked with the minimum size fruit contained in
the consumer packages; (4) add weight counts for early-season, mid-
season, and late-season varieties; (5) continue shipments of ``CA
Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches, and increase the percentage
of U.S. No. 1 nectarines and peaches permitted in containers of ``CA
Utility'' quality fruit from the current 30 percent to 40 percent,
provided that the additional 10 percent of U.S. No. 1 fruit in the
container has non-scoreable blemishes; and (6) revise varietal maturity
and size requirements to reflect recent changes in growing conditions.
The committees meet prior to and during each season to review the
rules and regulations effective on a continuing basis for California
nectarines and peaches under the orders. Committee meetings are open to
the public, and interested persons may express their views at these
meetings. The Department reviews committee recommendations and
information, as well as information from other sources, and determines
whether modification, suspension, or termination of the rules and
regulations would tend to effectuate the declared policy of the Act.
No official crop estimate was available at the time of the
committees' meetings because the nectarine and peach trees were
dormant. The committees will recommend a crop estimate at their
meetings in early spring. However, the committees continue to believe
that the 1999 crop will be somewhat larger in size but similar in
characteristics to the 1998 crop which totaled 16,916,900 boxes of
nectarines and 18,202,300 boxes of peaches.
[[Page 19024]]
Container Marking Requirements
Sections 916.52 and 917.41 of the orders for nectarines and
peaches, respectively, authorize container marking requirements.
Requirements for container markings are specified in Secs. 916.350 and
917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations. Container marking
requirements include marking of the commodity and variety (e.g., July
Red Nectarines), the size of the fruit in the box (e.g., 80 size), the
net weight, the maturity (either U.S. Mature (US MAT), or California
Well-Matured (CA WELL MAT)), or the quality (i.e., ``CA Utility''), on
each container of nectarines and peaches.
This final rule revises paragraphs (a)(3) of Secs. 916.350 and
917.442 in the orders' rules and regulations to require that maturity
markings on containers be in letters at least \3/8\ inch in height.
This rule also revises the current quality marking requirement in
paragraphs (d) of Secs. 916.350 and 917.442 for ``CA Utility'' from a
minimum of \3/4\ inch in height to a minimum of \3/8\ inch in height.
These changes standardize marking requirements on containers by
specifying a minimum lettering height of \3/8\ inch for both maturity
and quality markings. This is intended to assure that all containers
shipped by nectarine and peach handlers are similarly marked.
The committees unanimously recommended that the lettering
indicating fruit maturity and quality on containers be standardized at
a minimum height of \3/8\ inch. The \3/8\ inch minimum is appropriate,
given the number of other markings, required or voluntary, on each
container. Such lettering is also readily legible to the Federal or
Federal-State Inspection Service (Inspection Service) and compliance
officers representing the committees. The \3/8\ inch minimum letter
height standard will also eliminate any confusion among handlers about
which size is required for markings by reducing the currently-required
\3/4\ inch minimum marking for ``CA Utility'' to a minimum \3/8\ inch
in height and by specifying similar requirements for maturity markings.
Sections 916.350 and 917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations
also require containers to be marked with the size and/or number of
pieces of fruit in the container (count).
In commonly-used containers such as the No. 22D and the No. 32
boxes, the configurations of fruit results in the fruit size and count
being the same. The No. 22G standard lug box, however, has a different
shape which results in a different tray-pack configuration than those
of the No. 22D and the No. 32 boxes. The shape of the No. 22G container
also imposes tighter limits on the number of fruit that can be tray
packed in it than the No. 22D and No. 32 boxes, and the fruit size and
count are not the same. Thus, handlers using it should be required to
indicate the number of fruit in the container as well as the fruit
size, since the fruit size and count are not always the same in this
container. This is also true for some experimental packages, as well,
since there are no standardized pack configurations for experimental
packages, and, thus, no standardized basis for comparison against the
No. 22D and No. 32 boxes is possible. Experimental containers, in
addition to the No. 22G standard lug box, are required to be marked
with both the size and the count of fruit contained in the package.
To lessen the chances of confusion in the marketplace with such
containers, the committees unanimously recommended requiring that the
No. 22G standard lug box and experimental containers be marked with
both the size and count of the fruit contained in the package.
To implement this change, paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (a)(4)(ii) of
Sec. 916.350 are revised to add the requirement that experimental
containers be marked with both the size and count of nectarines
contained within the containers. Paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of Sec. 917.442
is also revised to add the requirement that the No. 22G standard lug
box be marked with both the size and count of peaches contained within
the container.
Sections 916.350 and 917.442 also specify markings that are
required on master containers of consumer packages, consumer packages
within master containers, and consumer packages not within master
containers. Master containers must be marked with the net weight of
each consumer package, the number of individual consumer packages, the
size description of the fruit in each consumer package, and the name
and address of the shipper. Consumer packages within the master
containers must be marked with the name and address of the shipper and
the net weight of the container. When the consumer package is not in a
master container, the consumer package must also be marked with the
number of fruit in the package, the name of the variety, if known, and
the maturity of the fruit in the package.
Authority for consumer packages permits handlers to pack and ship
nectarines and peaches in other types of containers demanded by their
customers. The fruit packages are tailored to the requirements of the
buyer, and the buyer may require the handler to pack consumer packages
of several different sizes of fruit within the master container. For
example, a master container may contain five consumer packages. One
consumer package may contain size 64 nectarines, while two other
consumer packages may contain size 70 nectarines. The remaining two
consumer packages may contain size 60 nectarines. In this example, each
consumer package contains the same size nectarines within that package,
but the master container contains consumer packages with different
nectarine sizes.
The committees unanimously recommended that such size variations
from consumer package to consumer package within a master container
should be indicated on the master container. The committees determined
that the marking on the master container should accurately and clearly
reflect the minimum size contained within the package containing the
smallest size fruit and that the master container contains consumer
packages with larger sized fruit. For example, a master container will
be marked ``Minimum size 60 and larger'' or ``Minimum size 96 and
larger,'' as appropriate, when the consumer packages in the master
container contain different fruit sizes. This is intended to provide
more accurate information to the buyers of the fruit.
According to a comment received regarding this aspect of the
proposed rule issued on these regulatory changes, the intent of the
committees was to ensure that when multiple sizes of consumer packages
of nectarines or peaches are contained within the master container, the
master container must be marked ``Minimum size 60 and larger,'' or
``Minimum size 96 and larger,'' etc., as appropriate. However, the
commenter noted, the proposed rule did not specify that when the master
container does not contain multiple sizes of nectarines or peaches in
the consumer packages, only the size of the nectarines or peaches in
the consumer packages should be marked on the master container, such as
``Size 60,'' or ``Size 96,'' etc., as appropriate. Accordingly, the
clarification to the proposed rule is made.
Thus, paragraph (a)(8)(i) of Sec. 916.350 and paragraph (a)(9)(i)
of Sec. 917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations are revised to
require that the markings on master containers containing consumer
packages of different sizes of nectarines and peaches specify the
smallest size and the words ``and larger'' in the packages. When
consumer packages contain nectarines or peaches of the same sizes, the
master container shall
[[Page 19025]]
continue to be marked with the appropriate individual size marking.
Pack Regulations
Container markings based on weight-count standards are also
specified in Tables 1 and 2 of paragraphs (a)(4)(iv) in Secs. 916.350
and 917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations. The purpose of the
weight-count standards is to establish the maximum number of nectarines
or peaches in a 16-pound sample for each individual size designation.
To facilitate the repacking of nectarines and peaches from tray-packs
into volume-filled containers, the committees routinely conduct tests
to determine the optimum weight-count standards for early-season, mid-
season, and late-season nectarines and peaches, respectively, based on
the sizes of nectarines and peaches in tray-packs. Tray-packs fit into
standard nectarine and peach boxes and have molded cavities for the
fruit to sit in. Trays with different cavity sizes are used, depending
upon the size of the fruit being packed. Handlers have traditionally
used tray-packs to securely package nectarines and peaches. However,
some handlers have moved away from tray-packed configurations toward
volume-filled configurations in recent years.
Handlers of nectarines and peaches have informed the committees
that some larger sizes of nectarines and peaches are increasingly being
converted from tray-packs to volume-filled packs. Since volume-filled
containers are less costly to pack and market demands change, handlers
have opted to pack a greater proportion of the larger-sized, high-
quality fruit in volume-filled containers.
Size studies were performed by the NAC and PCC in 1994 and 1995,
and were used as a basis for changing some of the weight counts.
Because nectarines and peaches of size 44 were not packed in volume-
filled containers, no weight counts were published for size 44
nectarines and peaches at that time. As the practice of converting
tray-packed containers of size 44 nectarines and peaches to volume-
filled containers has increased, the need to publish a weight-count
standard also increased.
The committees have used the previously-conducted size studies to
determine the weight-count standards for size 44 nectarine and peach
sizes for inclusion in the weight-count standards. The NAC has
determined that the weight-count standard for size 44 should be a
maximum of 33 pieces for early-season nectarines and a maximum of 30
pieces of mid-season and late-season nectarines in a 16-pound sample.
The PCC has determined that the weight count standard for size 44
should be a maximum of 33 pieces of fruit in a 16-pound sample for all
peach varieties.
Therefore, the NAC and PCC unanimously recommended modifications to
the weight-count standards for nectarines and peaches by the addition
of weight-count standards for size 44 nectarines and peaches. To
implement such a change, Tables 1 and 2 of paragraphs (a)(4)(iv) in
Secs. 916.350 and 917.442 of the regulations are revised by adding size
44 and the applicable weight-count standard of a maximum of 33 pieces
of early-season nectarines and all peaches, and a maximum of 30 pieces
of mid-season and late-season nectarines in a 16-pound sample. These
changes will permit handlers to more easily convert tray-packed
nectarines and peaches to volume-filled containers, decrease the
handling costs associated with that conversion, and meet marketing
demands.
Quality Requirements
Sections 916.52 and 917.41 of the orders authorize the
establishment of grade and quality requirements for nectarines and
peaches, respectively. Prior to the 1996 season, Sec. 916.356 of the
order's rules and regulations required nectarines to meet a modified
U.S. No. 1 grade. Specifically, nectarines were required to meet U.S.
No. 1 grade requirements, except there was a slightly tighter
requirement for scarring and a more liberal allowance for misshapen
fruit. Under Sec. 917.459 of the order's rules and regulations prior to
the 1996 season, peaches were also required to meet the requirements of
a U.S. No. 1 grade, except there was a more liberal allowance for open
sutures that were not ``serious damage.''
Under Secs. 916.356 and 917.459, shipments of ``CA Utility''
quality nectarines and peaches have been permitted since the 1996
season, contingent upon the fruit in such containers meeting certain
relaxed quality requirements. ``CA Utility'' quality is a lower-quality
fruit than U.S. No. 1. Previously, the requirement for containers of
``CA Utility'' nectarines and peaches provided that not more than 30
percent of the fruit in any container meet or exceed the requirements
of U.S. No. 1. This final rule permits handlers to continue shipping
``CA Utility'' fruit during the 1999 season, and increases the 30
percent limitation to not more than 40 percent except that the
additional 10 percent of the U.S. No. 1 fruit must have non-scoreable
blemishes.
Containers marked ``CA Utility'' must be inspected by the
Inspection Service and certified as meeting the ``CA Utility'' quality
requirements. Part of the inspection process is to evaluate the fruit
in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Standards for Grades of
Nectarines, the U.S. Standards for Grade of Peaches, (Standards) and
the orders. In conducting inspections, inspectors are required to
evaluate various blemishes. Some blemishes are serious or severe enough
to be ``scored'' against the fruit as defects which are damaging to the
grade of the fruit, while some other blemishes are not serious or
severe enough to affect the grade of the fruit. In the first instance,
the blemishes are termed ``scoreable'' defects; and, in the second
instance, the blemishes are termed ``non-scoreable'' defects. Some
members of the committees supported a requirement that such non-
scoreable blemishes must be present on the additional 10 percent of the
fruit grading U.S. No. 1 in boxes marked ``CA Utility'' during the 1999
season.
A similar requirement was in place during the latter part of the
1998 season. At that time, unseasonal summer rains had caused increased
``non-scoreable'' defects which detracted from the overall appearance
of U.S. No. 1 nectarines and peaches for some handlers. An interim
final rule was published on September 22, 1998 (63 FR 50461), and a
final rule was published on November 9, 1998 (63 FR 60209).
While containers marked ``CA Utility'' fruit are subject to relaxed
quality requirements, all other grade and marking requirements of the
orders must be met.
At the committee meetings on December 2, 1998, at least one handler
complained that fruit with non-scoreable blemishes was unsightly in the
type of U.S. No. 1 box he offered to the marketplace and to his
customers. His preference was to place such fruit in boxes marked ``CA
Utility.'' The current limitation of not more than 30 percent U.S. No.
1 fruit in containers marked ``CA Utility'' caused the Inspection
Service to determine that his ``CA Utility'' containers were ``out of
grade,'' because they contained more U.S. No. 1 fruit than permitted.
For that reason, the handler was forced to remove the fruit from the
``CA Utility'' boxes, and either repack his U.S. No. 1 to include this
fruit or discard the fruit. Therefore, the limitation of not more than
30 percent U.S. No. 1 in ``CA Utility'' quality containers became a
hindrance and was eliminated by the September 22, 1998, rulemaking
action.
A niche market exists for ``CA Utility'' quality fruit and an
opportunity should be made available to market somewhat better quality.
It was estimated by a
[[Page 19026]]
handler of ``CA Utility'' quality fruit that the relaxation from not
more than 30 percent U.S. No. 1 in the containers to not more than 40
percent provided that the additional 10 percent U.S. No. 1 in the
containers has non-scoreable blemishes will increase shipments of ``CA
Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches by approximately one-half of
one percent. A majority of the members of both committees supported the
change, because the change had been in effect at the end of the 1998
season. However, one committee member commented that there was little
merit to adding one-half of one percent to the marketplace. Another
indicated that perhaps a review of the entire grade structure would
address the problem and did not advocate relaxing the percentage of
U.S. No. 1 in ``CA Utility'' containers. A majority of the committee
members present voted to relax the percentage from 30 percent U.S. No.
1 in containers marked ``CA Utility'' to 40 percent U.S. No. 1 provided
that the additional 10 percent of the U.S. No. 1 had non-scoreable
blemishes. The vote by the NAC was 4 in favor and 3 opposed, and the
vote by the PCC was 7 in favor and 4 opposed. The nectarine order
requires six concurring votes on regulatory recommendations, and the
peach order requires nine concurring votes on regulatory
recommendations. As a result, these two votes did not meet the minimums
prescribed to constitute official recommendations to the Secretary.
Because prior seasons' experience shows that the authority to ship
``CA Utility'' quality fruit provided additional marketing
opportunities for handlers, the Department proposed continuing to allow
such shipments during 1999 and invited written comments from all
interested persons in the proposed rule. One comment supporting the
proposal was received.
Historically, shipments of ``CA Utility'' nectarines represented
1.1 percent of all nectarine shipments, or approximately 210,000 boxes
in 1996. In 1997, shipments of ``CA Utility'' nectarines represented
1.1 percent of all nectarine shipments, or approximately 230,000 boxes.
In 1998, shipments of ``CA Utility'' nectarines represented 4.5 percent
of all nectarine shipments, or approximately 760,000 boxes. Shipments
of ``CA Utility'' peaches represented 1.9 percent of all peach
shipments, or 366,000 boxes in 1996. In 1997, shipments of ``CA
Utility'' peaches represented 1.0 percent of all peach shipments, or
approximately 217,000 boxes. In 1998, shipments of ``CA Utility''
peaches represented 3.3 percent of all peach shipments, or
approximately 602,000 boxes.
For these reasons, the Department has determined that continuing to
allow shipments of ``CA Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches for
the 1999 season with an increase in the percentage of U.S. No. 1 fruit
permitted in each container effectuates the declared policy of the Act.
Therefore, paragraphs (d) of Secs. 916.350 and 917.442, and paragraphs
(a)(1) of Secs. 916.356 and 917.459 are revised to permit shipments of
nectarines and peaches meeting revised ``CA Utility'' quality
requirements during the 1999 season.
Maturity Requirements
Both orders provide (in Secs. 916.52 and 917.41) authority to
establish maturity requirements for nectarines and peaches,
respectively. The minimum maturity level currently specified for
nectarines and peaches is ``mature'' as defined in the standards.
Additionally, both orders' rules and regulations provide for a higher,
``well matured'' classification. For most varieties, ``well-matured''
fruit determinations are made using maturity guides (e.g., color
chips). These maturity guides are reviewed each year by the Shipping
Point Inspection Service (SPI) to determine whether they need to be
changed based on the most-recent information available on the
individual characteristics of each variety. These maturity guides
established under the handling regulations of the nectarine and peach
marketing orders have been codified in the Code of Federal Regulations
as Table 1 to paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) of Secs. 916.356 and 917.459, for
nectarines and peaches, respectively. Currently, Secs. 916.356 and
917.459 include both ``Table 1'' and ``Table 1 to Paragraphs
(a)(1)(iv)''. ``Table 1'' is a duplicate of ``Table 1 to Paragraphs
(a)(1)(iv)'' and was proposed to be removed from both sections. In this
final rule, ``Table 1'' is, therefore, removed. The latter table is
referred to as ``Table 1'' in the remainder of this document.
The maturity requirements in the 1999 handling regulation are the
same as those which appeared in the 1998 handling regulation with a few
exceptions. Those exceptions are explained below in this final rule.
Nectarines: Requirements for ``well-matured'' nectarines are
specified in Sec. 916.356 of the order's rules and regulations. Table 1
to paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of Sec. 916.356 is revised to add a maturity
guide for one nectarine variety. Specifically, SPI recommended adding a
maturity guide for the Diamond Jewel nectarine variety at a maturity
guide of L.
The NAC recommended these maturity requirements based on SPI's
continuing review of individual maturity characteristics and
identification of the appropriate maturity guide corresponding to the
``well-matured'' level of maturity for nectarine varieties in
production.
Peaches: Section 917.459 of the order's rules and regulations
specifies maturity requirements for fresh peaches being inspected and
certified as being ``well matured.'' Table 1 to paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of
Sec. 917.459 is revised to add maturity guides for three peach
varieties. Specifically, SPI recommended adding the maturity guides for
the Sweet Scarlet peach variety to be regulated at the J maturity
guide, and the Lady Sue and Prima Gattie 8 peach varieties to be
regulated at the L maturity guide.
The PCC unanimously recommended these maturity requirements based
on SPI's continuing review of individual maturity characteristics and
identification of the appropriate maturity guide corresponding to the
``well-matured'' level of maturity for peach varieties in production.
Size Requirements
Both orders provide authority to establish size requirements in
Secs. 916.52 and 917.41. Size regulations provide greater consumer
satisfaction and encourage more repeat purchases by helping to ensure
consumers are provided high-quality fruit. Size regulations, therefore,
increase returns to producers and handlers by encouraging producers to
leave fruit on the tree longer. The increased growing time not only
improves the size of the fruit, but also increases its maturity.
Increased size also results in an increased number of packed boxes of
nectarines or peaches per acre. Varieties recommended for specific size
regulation have been reviewed and such recommendations are based on the
specific characteristics of each variety. The NAC and PCC conduct
studies each season on the range of sizes reached by the regulated
varieties and determine whether revisions in the size requirements are
appropriate.
Nectarines: Section 916.356 of the order's rules and regulations
specifies minimum size requirements for fresh nectarines in paragraphs
(a)(2) through (a)(9). Section 916.356 is revised to establish variety-
specific size requirements for five nectarine varieties that were
produced in commercially-significant quantities of more than
[[Page 19027]]
10,000 packages for the first time during the 1998 season.
For example, one of the varieties recommended for addition to the
variety-specific size requirements is the Sunny Red variety. Studies of
the size ranges attained by the Sunny Red variety revealed that all of
the nectarines of that variety met sizes in the ranges of sizes 30, 40,
50, 60, 70, and 80. While the size distribution peaked on the size 40,
100 percent of the fruit sized at a minimum of size 80.
A review of other varieties with the same harvesting period
indicated that Sunny Red was also comparable to those varieties in its
size ranges. Further, handlers known to ship the variety have provided
additional supporting information for making this determination. Thus,
the recommendation to place the Sunny Red nectarine variety in the
variety-specific size regulation at a size 80 is appropriate.
Historical variety data such as this provides the NAC with the
information necessary to recommend the appropriate sizes at which to
regulate various nectarine varieties. In addition, producers of the
varieties affected are invited to comment when such size
recommendations are deliberated.
Thus, to implement such size requirements, the introductory text of
paragraph (a)(6) in Sec. 916.356 is revised to include the Grand Pearl,
Ruby Pearl, Sunny Red, Terra White, and 491-48 nectarine varieties.
This final rule also revises the introductory text of paragraph
(a)(4) of Sec. 916.356 to remove two nectarine varieties; and the
introductory text of paragraph (a)(6) of Sec. 916.356 is also revised
to remove ten nectarine varieties from the variety-specific size
requirements specified in this section because less than 5,000 packages
of each of these varieties were produced during the 1998 season. The
introductory text of paragraph (a)(4) is revised to remove the June
Brite and Pacific Star nectarine varieties; and the introductory text
of paragraph (a)(6) is revised to remove the Flamekist, Flavor Grand,
Late How Red, Moon Grand, Prima Diamond XVIII, Red Free, Red Fred, Ruby
Grand, September Grand, and Summer Star nectarine varieties. Nectarine
varieties removed from the nectarine variety-specific list become
subject to the non-listed variety size requirements specified in
paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (a)(9) of Sec. 916.356.
The NAC recommended these changes in the minimum size requirements
based on a continuing review of the sizing and maturity relationships
for these nectarine varieties, and consumer acceptance levels for
various sizes of fruit. This final rule establishes minimum size
requirements for fresh nectarines consistent with expected crop and
market conditions.
Peaches: Section 917.459 of the order's rules and regulations
specifies minimum size requirements for fresh peaches in paragraphs
(a)(2) through (a)(5), and paragraphs (b) and (c). Section 917.459 is
revised to establish variety-specific size requirements for six peach
varieties that were produced in commercially-significant quantities of
more than 10,000 packages for the first time during the 1998 season.
For example, one of the peach varieties recommended for addition to
the variety-specific size requirements is the Morning Lord variety.
Studies of the size ranges attained by the Morning Lord variety
revealed that while it peaked on size 40, 100 percent of the fruit
sized at a minimum of size 72.
A review of other varieties harvested during the same period
indicated that Morning Lord was also comparable to those varieties in
its size ranges. Further, discussions with handlers known to ship the
variety provided additional information for making such determinations.
Thus, the recommendation to place the Morning Lord peach variety in the
variety-specific size regulation at a size 72 is appropriate.
Historical variety data such as this provides the PCC with the
information necessary to recommend the appropriate sizes at which to
regulate various peach varieties. In addition, producers of the
affected varieties are invited to comment when such size
recommendations are deliberated.
Accordingly, the introductory text of paragraph (a)(3) of
Sec. 917.459 of the order's rules and regulations is revised to include
the Super Rich peach variety; the introductory text of paragraph (a)(4)
is revised to include the Snow Dance peach variety; and the
introductory text of paragraph (a)(6) is also revised to include the
Morning Lord, Prima Peach 23, Yukon King, and 1-01-505 peach varieties.
Additionally, paragraphs (a)(5) and (a)(6) of Sec. 917.459 are
revised to remove 12 peach varieties from the variety-specific size
requirements specified in that section, because less than 5,000
packages of these varieties were produced during the 1998 season.
Specifically, the introductory text of paragraph (a)(5) is revised to
remove the Honey Red and Sweet Gem peach varieties; and the
introductory text of paragraph (a)(6) of Sec. 917.459 is revised to
remove the August Sun, Autumn Crest, Autumn Gem, Belmont, Berenda Sun,
Blum's Beauty, Fire Red, July Sun, Mary Anne, and Red Sun peach
varieties.
Peach varieties removed from the variety-specific list become
subject to the non-listed variety size requirements specified in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of Sec. 917.459.
The PCC recommended these changes in the minimum size requirements
based on a continuing review of the sizing and maturity relationships
for these peach varieties, and the consumer acceptance levels for
various fruit sizes. This final rule establishes minimum size
requirements for fresh peaches consistent with expected crop and market
conditions.
Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (RFA), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has considered the
economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has
prepared this final regulatory flexibility analysis.
The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of
business subject to such actions in order that small businesses will
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued
pursuant to the Act, and rules issued thereunder, are unique in that
they are brought about through group action of essentially small
entities acting on their own behalf. Thus, both statutes have small
entity orientation and compatibility.
There are approximately 325 California nectarine and peach handlers
subject to regulation under the orders covering nectarines and peaches
grown in California, and about 1,800 producers of these fruits in
California. Small agricultural service firms, which includes handlers,
have been defined by the Small Business Administration [13 CFR 121.601]
as those whose annual receipts are less than $5,000,000. Small
agricultural producers are defined as those having annual receipts of
less than $500,000.
The NAC and PCC staff have estimated that there are less than 20
handlers in the industry who could be defined as other than small
entities. If the average handler price received were $9.00 per box or
box equivalent of nectarines or peaches, a handler would have to ship
at least 555,000 boxes to have annual receipts of $5,000,000. Small
handlers represent approximately 94 percent of the handlers within the
industry. In addition, the NAC and PCC staff estimates that there are
approximately 400 producers who could be defined as other than small
entities. If the average producer price received were $6.00 per box or
box equivalent for
[[Page 19028]]
nectarines and $5.65 per box or box equivalent for peaches, producers
would have to produce approximately 84,000 boxes or box equivalents of
nectarines and approximately 89,000 boxes or box equivalents of peaches
to have annual receipts of $500,000. Therefore, small producer entities
represent approximately 78 percent of the producers within the
industry. For those reasons, a majority of the handlers and producers
may be classified as small entities.
Under Secs. 916.52 and 917.41 of the orders, grade, size, maturity,
and container and pack requirements are established for fresh shipments
of California nectarines and peaches, respectively. Such requirements
are in effect on a continuing basis. This final rule revises the
current requirements to: (1) Require that maturity and ``CA Utility''
quality marking of containers be a minimum of \3/8\ inch in height; (2)
require that experimental containers and 22G containers be marked with
both the size and the count of fruit contained in the package; (3)
require that master containers of consumer packages be marked with the
minimum size fruit contained in the consumer packages; (4) add weight
counts for early-season, mid-season, and late-season varieties; (5)
continue shipments of ``CA Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches,
and increase the percentage of U.S. No. 1 nectarines and peaches
permitted in containers of ``CA Utility quality'' fruit from the
current 30 percent to 40 percent, provided that the additional 10
percent of U.S. No. 1 fruit in the container has non-scoreable
blemishes; and (6) revise varietal maturity and size requirements to
reflect recent changes in growing and marketing conditions.
In Secs. 916.350 and 917.442 of the rules regulating nectarines and
peaches, several container marking requirements are specified. This
final rule specifies that the maturity markings U.S. Mature (US MAT)
and California Well-Matured (CA WELL MAT), and the markings for ``CA
Utility'' quality must be in lettering a minimum of \3/8\ inch in
height. This standardizes the container markings for nectarines and
peaches and is consistent with those used on plum containers. Plum
shipments are regulated under a State marketing order. Because
nectarine and peach handlers frequently handle plums, as well, this
would ensure consistency in marking requirements for all three
commodities, which is expected to benefit handlers.
Sections 916.350 and 917.442 also specify markings that are
required on master containers of consumer packages, consumer packages
within master containers, and consumer packages not within master
containers. Master containers must be marked with the net weight of
each consumer package, the number of individual consumer packages, the
size description of the fruit in each consumer package, and the name
and address of the shipper. Consumer packages within the master
containers must be marked with the name and address of the shipper and
the net weight of the container. When the consumer package is not in a
master container, the consumer package must also be marked with the
number of fruit in the package, the name of the variety, if known, and
the maturity of the fruit in the package.
In commonly-used containers, such as the No. 22D and the No. 32
boxes, the configurations of fruit result in the fruit size and count
being the same. The No. 22G standard lug box, however, has a different
shape which results in a different tray-pack configuration than those
of the No. 22D and the No. 32 boxes. The shape of the No. 22G container
also imposes tighter limits on the number of fruit that can be tray
packed in it than the No. 22D and No. 32 boxes; this causes fruit size
and count to be different. Thus, handlers using that container should
be required to indicate the number of fruit in the container as well as
the fruit size, because the fruit size and count are not always the
same in this container. Differences in count and size also occur with
some experimental packages, as well, because there are no standardized
pack configurations for experimental packages, and, thus, no
standardized basis for comparison against the No. 22D and No. 32 boxes.
Experimental containers, like the No. 22G standard lug box, will be
required to be marked with both the size and the count of fruit
contained in the package. This requirement is expected to benefit
consumers by ensuring that accurate size and count information is
marked on packages of nectarines and peaches. This requirement is not
expected to have a negative impact on handlers, since the No. 22G
standard lug box represents less than one percent of packages of
nectarines and peaches shipped annually, and no experimental containers
have been used for several years. This requirement may also eliminate
any confusion over fruit count and size experienced by buyers of
nectarines and peaches.
Consumer packages permit handlers to pack and ship nectarines and
peaches in other types of containers demanded by their customers. In
this case, packaging of fruit in small boxes or bags is tailored to the
requirements of the buyer, whether by weight, size, or other factor.
Because the buyer's requirements may be specific for the buyer's
market, the handler may pack consumer packages of several different
sizes of fruit within the master container. For example, a master
container may contain five consumer packages. One consumer package may
contain size 64 nectarines, while two other consumer packages may
contain size 70 nectarines. The remaining two boxes may contain size 60
nectarines. The sizes of the fruit within the individual consumer
packages are the same, but the master container may contain packages of
different fruit sizes.
Several alternatives to this action were discussed at the Grade and
Size Subcommittee meeting held on November 5, 1998. Some subcommittee
members suggested that the master containers be marked with the largest
size fruit in the consumer packages, such as ``Minimum size 80 and
smaller.'' Others felt that option might be misleading to retailers and
consumers, and the alternative was rejected. Some subcommittee members
suggested that the mixing of sizes in a master container should be
discouraged. Others responded that such flexibility in packaging was
responsive to the needs of some handlers, and those needs should be
accommodated when possible, within the requirements of the orders.
This change requiring master containers containing consumer
packages of different fruit sizes to be marked identifying the
existence of size variations, permits handlers to continue to meet the
demands of their buyers, but ensure that the fruit size within
individual consumer packages contained within master containers is
accurately and clearly marked on the master containers.
In Secs. 916.350 and 917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations
concerning nectarines and peaches, respectively, the use of pack
regulations is specified. The NAC and PCC routinely conduct tests to
determine the optimum weight-count standards for such early-season,
mid-season, and late-season nectarines and peaches, respectively.
Handlers of nectarines and peaches have informed the NAC and PCC that
some larger sizes of nectarines and peaches are increasingly being
converted from tray-packs to volume-filled packs. Since volume-filled
containers are less costly to pack and market demands change, handlers
have opted to pack a greater proportion of large, high-quality fruit in
volume-filled containers. In 1998, lower market prices caused handlers
to convert size 44 nectarines and peaches from tray-packed containers
to volume-
[[Page 19029]]
filled containers. However, there are currently no weight counts
published for size 44 nectarines and peaches.
In 1994 and 1995, when the NAC and PCC last conducted tests to
determine the number of fruit of various sizes that weighed 16 pounds,
which is the standard inspection sample weight, size 44 nectarines and
peaches were not usually packed in volume-filled containers. More
commonly, size 44 nectarines and peaches were packed in tray-packs. As
a result, weight count requirements were not needed by the industries
for this size. As the practice of converting tray-packed containers of
size 44 nectarines and peaches to volume-filled containers has
increased, the NAC and PCC have referred to previously-conducted size
studies and determined that weight-count standards for size 44
nectarines and peaches need to be included in the weight-count
standards with those for the other sizes of fruit. The NAC and PCC have
also determined that the correct weight-count standard for size 44 is a
maximum of 33 pieces of early-season nectarines and all peaches, and a
maximum of 30 pieces of mid-season and late-season nectarines in a 16-
pound sample. The addition of weight-count standards for size 44
nectarines and peaches converted from tray-packed containers to volume-
filled containers is expected to benefit producers and handlers by
giving handlers increased flexibility in meeting marketing demands.
Therefore, the NAC and PCC unanimously recommended modifications to
the weight-count standards for nectarines and peaches by the addition
of weight-count standards for size 44 nectarines and peaches. Such a
change modifies Tables 1 and 2 of paragraphs (a)(4)(iv) in
Secs. 916.350 and 917.442 of the regulations by adding size 44 and the
applicable weight-count standard of a maximum of 33 pieces of early-
season nectarines and all peaches, and a maximum of 30 pieces of mid-
season and late-season nectarines in a 16-pound sample. The change will
permit handlers to more easily convert tray-packed nectarines and
peaches to volume-filled containers. This change is expected to
decrease the handling costs associated with such conversions, and
permit handlers to better meet marketing demands.
In Secs. 916.356 and 917.459 of the orders' rules and regulations
concerning nectarines and peaches, respectively, shipments of ``CA
Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches have been permitted since the
1996 season, contingent upon the fruit in such containers meeting
certain relaxed quality requirements. ``CA Utility'' quality is a
lower-quality fruit than U.S. No. 1. Previously, the requirement for
containers of ``CA Utility'' nectarines and peaches provided that not
more than 30 percent of the fruit in any container meet or exceed the
requirements of U.S. No. 1. This relaxation increases that limitation
from 30 percent to not more than 40 percent provided that the
additional 10 percent of the U.S. No. 1 has non-scoreable blemishes.
This relaxation is anticipated to benefit growers, handlers, and
consumers.
Containers marked ``CA Utility'' must be inspected by the
Inspection Service and certified as meeting the ``CA Utility'' quality
requirements. Part of the inspection process is to evaluate the fruit
in accordance with the requirements of Standards and the orders. In
conducting inspections, inspectors are required to evaluate various
blemishes. Some blemishes are serious or severe enough to be ``scored''
against the fruit as defects which are damaging to the grade of the
fruit, while some other blemishes are either not serious or severe
enough to affect the grade of the fruit. In the first instance, the
blemishes are termed ``scoreable'' defects; and, in the second
instance, the blemishes are termed ``non-scoreable'' defects. Some
committee members supported increased percentages of U.S. No. 1 fruit
in boxes of ``CA Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches provided that
such non-scoreable blemishes are present on the additional 10 percent
of the fruit grading U.S. No. 1 in boxes marked ``CA Utility.''
A niche market exists for ``CA Utility'' quality fruit and an
opportunity should be made available to market somewhat better quality.
It was estimated that the relaxation from not more than 30 percent U.S.
No. 1 to not more than 40 percent provided that the additional 10
percent U.S. No. 1 fruit in the containers has non-scoreable blemishes
would increase shipments of ``CA Utility'' quality nectarines and
peaches by one-half of one percent.
According to comments made at the committee meetings on December 2,
1998, a majority of the members of the committees supported allowing
the use of ``CA Utility'' fruit during the 1999 season, and the change
in quality requirements, because those requirements solved handler
problems at the end of the 1998 season. One committee member, however,
commented that there was little merit to adding one-half of one percent
to the marketplace. Another indicated that perhaps a review of the
entire grade structure would address the problem and did not advocate
relaxing the percentage of U.S. No. 1 in ``CA Utility'' containers.
The committees considered several alternatives at the meetings. One
alternative was to leave the percentage of U.S. No. 1 nectarines and
peaches permitted in ``CA Utility'' unchanged. It was determined that
alternative would not address the problem facing the industry. The NAC
and PCC also considered reviewing the entire grade structure, but that
alternative was considered a long-term project which could not be
accomplished in enough time to address the problem for the 1999 season.
Another alternative discussed was to limit the change to handlers
operating under the Partners-In-Quality (PIQ) Program and allow those
handlers to pack not more than 40 percent of U.S. No. 1 provided that
the additional 10 percent of U.S. No. 1 has non-scoreable blemishes.
Under the PIQ Program, handlers self-inspect their nectarines and
peaches against the minimum grade, size, quality, maturity, pack, and
container marking requirements of the orders and the Standards,
according to the procedures and requirements specified in their
Inspection-Service-approved operation manuals.
Under the requirements of the program, PIQ handlers are required to
meet the minimum grade, maturity, size, quality, container, and pack
requirements on every container. A handler under conventional in-line
inspection is required to meet the minimum grade, maturity, size,
quality, container, and pack requirements on an entire lot of fruit,
which is not as restrictive as meeting the requirements on every
container. For example, under in-line inspection, a handler may present
a lot of 1,000 containers of nectarines or peaches for inspection. The
tolerance for misshapen nectarines is currently limited to 25 percent
per lot. The variance in misshapen nectarines in containers within the
lot could change from one container to another, provided that the
average within the entire lot does not exceed 25 percent. For PIQ
handlers, there is no opportunity to ``average within'' grade on lots
of fruit; each container is graded on its own as though it were a lot.
PIQ handlers, thus, face more rigorous requirements than handlers under
conventional in-line inspection. This alternative would address PIQ
handler concerns by providing them greater flexibility with regard to
both U.S. No. 1 and ``CA Utility'' quality containers. However, this
alternative was determined to favor a small percentage of the industry
and was rejected.
Some members of the committees supported continued shipments of
``CA
[[Page 19030]]
Utility'' quality nectarines and peaches during the 1999 season with a
relaxation of the percentage from 30 percent U.S. No. 1 in containers
marked ``CA Utility'' to 40 percent U.S. No. 1, provided that the
additional 10 percent of the U.S. No. 1 has non-scoreable blemishes.
They believed that the additional marketing opportunities provided by
allowing handlers to ship such fruit were important to the industries.
Sections 916.356 and 917.442 of the orders' rules and regulations
for nectarines and peaches, respectively, currently establish minimum
maturity levels. This rule makes adjustments to the ``well matured''
requirements for several varieties of nectarines and peaches. ``Well
matured'' determinations are made using maturity guides (e.g., color
chips). Such maturity guides provide producers, handlers, and SPI with
objective tools for measuring the maturity of different varieties of
nectarines and peaches. Such maturity guides are reviewed annually by
SPI to determine the appropriate guide for each nectarine and peach
variety. These adjustments reflect changes in the maturity patterns of
nectarines and peaches as experienced over the previous seasons'
inspections. Adjustments in the guides ensure that fruit has met an
acceptable level of maturity, thus ensuring consumer satisfaction while
benefitting nectarine and peach producers and handlers.
Currently, in Sec. 916.356 of the order's rules and regulations for
nectarines and Sec. 917.459 of the order's rules and regulations for
peaches, minimum sizes for various varieties of nectarines and peaches
are established. This final rule makes adjustments to the minimum sizes
authorized for various varieties of nectarines and peaches for the 1999
season. Size regulations provide greater consumer satisfaction and
encourage more repeat purchases. Repeat purchases and consumer
satisfaction benefit producers and handlers alike. Such adjustments to
minimum sizes of nectarines and peaches are recommended each year by
the NAC and PCC based upon historical data, and producer and handler
information regarding sizes which the different varieties attain.
This action will not impose any additional reporting or
recordkeeping requirements on either small or large nectarine and peach
handlers. As with all Federal marketing order programs, reports and
forms are periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and
duplication by industry and public sector agencies.
As noted in the initial regulatory flexibility analysis, the
Department has not identified any relevant Federal rules that
duplicate, overlap, or conflict with this rule. However, as previously
stated, nectarines and peaches under the orders have to meet certain
requirements set forth in the standards issued under the Agricultural
Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 through 1627). Standards issued
under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 are otherwise voluntary.
Further, the public comments received concerning this proposal did not
specifically address the initial regulatory flexibility analysis. One
comment was received from a person who identified herself as a small
grower. This comment is discussed later in this document.
In addition, the committees' meetings were widely publicized
throughout the nectarine and peach industries and all interested
parties were invited to attend the meetings and participate in
committee deliberations on all issues. These meetings are held annually
in late Fall. Like all committee meetings, the December 2, 1998,
meetings were public meetings and all entities, both large and small,
were able to express views on these issues. The committees are composed
of producers.
A proposed rule concerning this action was published in the Federal
Register on March 8, 1999 (64 FR 11346). Copies of the rule were mailed
to all committee members and handlers by the NAC and PCC staff on March
9, 1999. Finally, the rule was made available through the Internet by
the Office of the Federal Register. A 20-day comment period ending
March 29, 1999, was provided to allow interested persons to respond to
the proposal. Three comments were received during the comment period in
response to the proposal.
One commenter supported the continued shipment of ``CA Utility''
quality fruit, and the proposed changes to the ``CA Utility'' quality
requirements indicating that the changes will enable shippers to better
meet buyer needs; i.e., provide blemished fruit to buyers requesting
such fruit, and unblemished fruit to buyers requesting unblemished
fruit.
Another commenter requested a clarifying change in the size
markings for master containers when multiple sizes of consumer packages
are contained within the master containers. The commenter contended
that the proposed rule failed to make a distinction between container
marking requirements for master containers of consumer packages with
only one size of fruit and container marking requirements for master
containers of consumer packages with different sizes of fruit. The
commenter noted that it was the intent of the committees that container
marking requirements for master containers of consumer packages with
only one size fruit remain unchanged. The committees' intent was to
specify that when master containers contain consumer packages with
different sizes of fruit, the container should be marked with the
smallest size and the words ``and larger.'' Changes to clarify the
intent of the committees have been made as requested by the commenter
in Secs. 916.350 (a)(8)(i) and 917.442 (a)(9)(i).
The third commenter, who identified herself as a small grower,
indicated that fruit grown in Northern California was harvested and
marketed at least 10 days later than fruit from the other parts of the
State, and that the orders do not take this into account.
The regulations do reflect seasonal variations and growing
conditions, as appropriate. For example, under the orders, both
variety-specific and non-listed variety size requirements are
established. The requirements are carefully developed based on the
sizing and maturity characteristics of the various nectarine and peach
varieties, and the consumer acceptance levels of the various sizes of
fruit. The major commercial varieties grown in California are subject
to the variety-specific requirements and account for about 99 percent
of all fruit shipments. The other minor varieties are subject to the
non-listed variety requirements and account for about one percent of
all shipments. The variety-specific size requirements apply to all
shipments of the named varieties, but for non-listed varieties, the
size requirements are applied based upon when the fruit is shipped. A
smaller minimum size is applied for non-listed varieties shipped
earlier in the season, and a larger one for later shipments, because
varieties that are harvested later in the season typically are larger
when mature, and consumers generally prefer larger fruit. In addition,
growing time not only improves the size of the fruit, but also
increases its maturity. Maturity requirements also reflect growing
conditions. Accordingly, no changes to the regulations are made based
on the comment.
Changes to the regulations also have been made to reflect the
effective date and change the reference to ``Prima Peach VIII'' to
``Prima Peach 13.''
After consideration of all relevant matters presented, including
the comments received, the information and recommendations submitted by
the committees, and other available information, it is hereby found
that this
[[Page 19031]]
rule, as hereinafter set forth, will tend to effectuate the declared
policy of the Act.
It is further found that good cause exists for not postponing the
effective date on this rule until 30 days after publication in the
Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 553) because: (1) Handlers have made
adjustments in their handling practices to comply with the changes
recommended for the 1999 shipping season; (2) the 1999 shipping season
for California nectarines and peaches is expected to begin in mid-
April, and these changes should apply to as many of those shipments as
possible.
List of Subjects
7 CFR Part 916
Marketing agreements, Nectarines, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
7 CFR Part 917
Marketing agreements, Peaches, Pears, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR parts 916 and 917
are amended as follows:
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR parts 916 and 917 continues to
read as follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.
PART 916--NECTARINES GROWN IN CALIFORNIA
2. Section 916.350 is amended by:
(A) Revising paragraph (a)(3);
(B) Revising paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (a)(4)(ii);
(C) Revising TABLES 1 and 2 in paragraph (a)(4)(iv);
(D) Revising paragraph (a)(8)(i); and (E) Revising paragraph (d) to
read as follows:
Sec. 916.350 California nectarine container and pack regulation.
(a) * * *
(3) Each package or container of nectarines, except for consumer
packages in master containers and consumer packages mailed directly to
consumers, shall bear on one outside end in plain sight and in plain
letters at least 3/8 inch in height the words ``U.S. Mature'' or ``US
MAT'' if such nectarines are mature as defined in the United States
Standards for Grades of Nectarines (7 CFR 51.3145 through 51.3160); or
may instead bear on one outside end in plain sight and in plain letters
at least 3/8 inch in height the words ``California Well Matured'' or
``CA WELL MAT'' if such nectarines are well matured as defined in
Sec. 916.356.
(4) * * *
(i) The size of nectarines packed in molded forms (tray-packs) in
the
No. 22D and the No. 32 standard boxes, or consumer packages; No. 22G
standard lug boxes, experimental containers; or the No. 12B fruit
(peach) boxes or flats; and the size of wrapped nectarines packed in
rows in No. 12B fruit (peach) boxes shall be indicated in accordance
with the number of nectarines in each container, such as ``80 count,''
``88 count,'' etc.
(ii) The size of nectarines in molded forms (tray-packs) in
experimental containers, and in No. 22G standard lug boxes, shall be
indicated according to the number of such nectarines when packed in
molded forms in the No. 22D standard lug box or the No. 32 standard
box, in accordance with the requirements of standard pack, such as ``80
size,'' ``88 size,'' etc., along with count requirements in paragraph
(a)(4)(i) of this section.
* * * * *
(iv) * * *
Table 1.--Weight-Count Standards for All Varieties of Nectarines Packed
in Loose-Filled or Tight-Filled Containers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column B--
Maximum
number of
nectarines
in 16-pound
sample
applicable
to varieties
specified in
Column A--Tray pack size designation paragraphs
(a)(2)(ii),
(a)(3)(ii),
(a)(4)(ii),
(a)(5)(ii),
(a)(7)(ii),
and
(a)(8)(ii)
of Sec.
916.356
------------------------------------------------------------------------
108....................................................... 100
96 ....................................................... 90
88 ....................................................... 83
84 ....................................................... 78
80 ....................................................... 75
72 ....................................................... 68
70 ....................................................... 61
64 ....................................................... 56
60 ....................................................... 50
56 ....................................................... 47
54 ....................................................... 40
50 ....................................................... 39
48 ....................................................... 35
44 ....................................................... 33
42 ....................................................... 31
40 ....................................................... 30
36 ....................................................... 25
34 ....................................................... 23
32 ....................................................... 22
30 ....................................................... 19
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Weight-Count Standards for All Varieties of Nectarines Packed
in Loose-Filled or Tight-Filled Containers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column B--Maximum
number of
nectarines in 16-
pound sample
applicable to
Column A--Tray pack size designation varieties
specified in
paragraphs
(a)(6)(ii) and
(a)(9)(ii) of
Sec. 916.356
------------------------------------------------------------------------
108.................................................. 92
96.................................................. 87
88.................................................. 78
84.................................................. 75
80.................................................. 67
72.................................................. 61
70.................................................. 56
64.................................................. 51
60.................................................. 46
56.................................................. 43
54.................................................. 39
50.................................................. 37
48.................................................. 33
44.................................................. 30
42.................................................. 28
40.................................................. 26
36.................................................. 25
34.................................................. 23
32.................................................. 22
30.................................................. 19
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
(8) * * *
(i) The number of individual consumer packages, the net weight of
each consumer package, and the size description of the contents:
Provided, That when consumer packages of different sizes of nectarines
are contained in a master container, the size description of the
contents shall indicate the minimum size contained therein, using the
terms ``Minimum size 60 and larger,'' or ``Minimum size 70 and
larger,'' etc., as applicable.
* * * * *
(d) During the period April 20, 1999 through October 31, 1999, each
container or package when packed with nectarines meeting the ``CA
Utility'' quality requirements, shall bear the words ``CA Utility,''
along with all other required container markings, in letters at least
3/8 inch in height on the visible display panel. Consumer bags or
packages must also be clearly marked on the consumer bags or packages
as ``CA Utility,'' along with other required markings, in letters at
least 3/8 inch in height.
3. Section 916.356 is amended by:
(A) Revising the introductory text of paragraph (a)(1);
(B) Removing TABLE 1 in paragraph (a)(1)(i);
[[Page 19032]]
(C) Revising TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)(iv); and
(D) Revising the introductory text of paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(6)
to read as follows:
Sec. 916.356 California nectarine grade and size regulation.
(a) * * *
(1) Any lot or package or container of any variety of nectarines
unless such nectarines meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade:
Provided, That nectarines 2 inches in diameter or smaller, shall not
have fairly light-colored, fairly smooth scars which exceed an
aggregate area of a circle \3/8\ inch in diameter, and nectarines
larger than 2 inches in diameter shall not have fairly light-colored,
fairly smooth scars which exceed an aggregate area of a circle \1/2\
inch in diameter: Provided further, That an additional tolerance of 25
percent shall be permitted for fruit that is not well formed but not
badly misshapen: Provided further, That all varieties of nectarines
which fail to meet the U.S. No. 1 grade only on account of lack of
blush or red color due to varietal characteristics shall be considered
as meeting the requirements of this subpart: Provided further, That
during the period April 20, 1999 through October 31, 1999, any handler
may handle nectarines if such nectarines meet ``CA Utility'' quality
requirements. The term ``CA Utility'' means that not more than 40
percent of the nectarines in any container meet or exceed the
requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade, except that when more than 30
percent of the nectarines in any container meet or exceed the
requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade, the additional 10 percent shall have
non-scoreable blemishes as determined when applying the U.S. Standards
for Grades of Nectarines; and that such nectarines are mature and are:
* * * * *
Table 1 To Paragraph (a)(1)(iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column A variety Column B maturity guide
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alshir Red................................. J
Apache..................................... G
April Glo.................................. H
Arm King................................... B
August Glo................................. L
August Lion................................ J
August Red................................. J
Aurelio Grand.............................. F
Autumn Delight............................. L
Autumn Grand............................... L
Big Jim.................................... J
Bob Grand.................................. L
Diamond Jewel.............................. L
Diamond Ray................................ L
Earliglo................................... I
Early Diamond.............................. J
Early May.................................. F
Early May Grand............................ H
Early Red Jim.............................. J
Early Sungrand............................. H
Fairlane................................... L
Fantasia................................... J
Firebrite.................................. H
Flamekist.................................. L
Flaming Red................................ K
Flavor Grand............................... G
Flavortop.................................. J
Flavortop I................................ K
Grand Diamond.............................. L
Independence............................... H
July Red................................... L
June Brite................................. I
Juneglo.................................... H
Kay Diamond................................ L
King Jim................................... L
Kism Grand................................. J
Late Le Grand.............................. L
Late Red Jim............................... J
Maybelle................................... F
May Diamond................................ I
May Fire................................... H
Mayglo..................................... H
May Grand.................................. H
May Jim.................................... I
May Kist................................... H
May Lion................................... J
Mid Glo.................................... L
Mike Grand................................. H
Moon Grand................................. L
Niagara Grand.............................. H
Pacific Star............................... G
P-R Red.................................... L
Red Diamond................................ L
Red Delight................................ I
Red Fred................................... J
Red Free................................... L
Red Glen................................... J
Red Glo.................................... I
Red Grand.................................. H
Red Jim.................................... L
Red May.................................... J
Rio Red.................................... L
Rose Diamond............................... J
Royal Delight.............................. F
Royal Giant................................ I
Royal Glo.................................. I
Ruby Diamond............................... L
Ruby Grand................................. J
Ruby Sun................................... J
Scarlet Red................................ K
September Grand............................ L
September Red.............................. L
Sheri Red.................................. J
Son Red.................................... L
Sparkling June............................. L
Sparkling May.............................. J
Sparkling Red.............................. L
Spring Bright.............................. L
Spring Diamond............................. L
Spring Red................................. H
Star Brite................................. J
Summer Beaut............................... H
Summer Blush............................... J
Summer Bright.............................. J
Summer Diamond............................. L
Summer Fire................................ L
Summer Grand............................... L
Summer Lion................................ L
Summer Red................................. L
Summer Star................................ G
Sunburst................................... J
Sun Diamond................................ I
Sunfre..................................... F
Sun Grand.................................. G
Super Star................................. G
Tasty Gold................................. H
Tom Grand.................................. L
Zee Glo.................................... J
Zee Grand.................................. I
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Consult with the Federal or Federal-State Inspection Service
Supervisor for the maturity guides applicable to the varieties not
listed in Table 1 of this paragraph.
* * * * *
(4) Any package or container of Arctic Glo, Arctic Rose, Arctic
Star, Diamond Bright, Early May, Juneglo, June Pearl, Kay Glo, May
Diamond, May Grand, May Lion, Prima Diamond IV, Prima Diamond VI, Prima
Diamond 13, Prince Jim, Red Delight, Red Glo, Rose Diamond, Royal Glo,
Sparkling May, Star Brite, or Zee Grand variety nectarines unless:
* * * * *
(6) Any package or container of Alshir Red, Alta Red, Arctic Pride,
Arctic Queen, Arctic Snow (White Jewel), Arctic Sweet, August Glo,
August Lion, August Red, August Snow, Autumn Delight, Big Jim, Brite
Pearl, Crystal Rose, Diamond Ray, Early Red Jim, Fairlane, Fantasia,
Firebrite, Fire Pearl, Flame Glo, Flaming Red, Flavortop, Flavortop I,
Grand Diamond, Grand Pearl, Honey Kist, How Red, July Red, Kay Diamond,
King Jim, Late Red Jim, Mid Glo, Niagara Grand, P-R Red, Prima Diamond
IX, Prima Diamond XVI, Prima Diamond XIX, Prima Diamond XXIV, Red
Diamond, Red Glen, Red Jim, Rio Red, Royal Giant, Ruby Diamond, Ruby
Pearl, Scarlet Red, September Red, Sparkling June, Sparkling Red,
Spring Bright, Spring Diamond, Spring Red, Summer Beaut, Summer Blush,
Summer Bright, Summer Diamond, Summer Fire, Summer Grand, Summer Lion,
Summer Red, Sunburst, Sun Diamond, Sunny Red, Super Star, Terra White,
Zee Glo, or 491-48 variety nectarines unless:
* * * * *
PART 917--FRESH PEARS AND PEACHES GROWN IN CALIFORNIA
4. Section 917.442 is amended by:
(A) Revising paragraph (a)(3);
[[Page 19033]]
(B) Revising paragraph (a)(4)(ii);
(C) Revising TABLES 1 and 2 in paragraph (a)(4)(iv);
(D) Revising paragraph (a)(9)(i); and
(E) Revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 917.442 California peach container and pack regulation.
(a) * * *
(3) Each package or container of peaches, except for consumer
packages in master containers and consumer packages mailed directly to
consumers, shall bear on one outside end in plain sight and in plain
letters at least \3/8\ inch in height the words ``U.S. Mature'' or ``US
MAT'' if such peaches are mature as defined in the United States
Standards for Grades of Peaches (7 CFR 51.1210 through 51.1223); or may
instead bear on one outside end in plain sight and in plain letters at
least 3/8 inch in height the words ``California Well Matured'' or ``CA
WELL MAT'' if such peaches are well matured as defined in Sec. 917.459
of this part.
(4) * * *
(ii) The size of peaches in molded forms in experimental containers
and in the No. 22G standard lug box shall be indicated according to the
number of such peaches when packed in molded forms in the No. 22D
standard lug box or the No. 32 standard box in accordance with the
requirements of standard pack, such as ``80 size,'' ``88 size,'' etc.,
along with the count requirements in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this
section.
* * * * *
(iv) * * *
Table 1.--Weight-Count Standards for All Varieties of Peaches Packed in
Loose-Filled or Tight-Filled Containers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column B--Maximum
number of peaches
in 16-pound
sample applicable
to varieties
specified in
Column A--Tray pack size designation paragraphs
(a)(2)(ii),
(a)(3)(ii),
(a)(4)(ii),
(a)(5)(ii), and
(b)(3) of Sec.
917.459
------------------------------------------------------------------------
96................................................... 96
88................................................... 92
84................................................... 83
80................................................... 76
72................................................... 69
70................................................... 65
64................................................... 57
60................................................... 51
56................................................... 47
54................................................... 44
50................................................... 39
48................................................... 35
44................................................... 33
42................................................... 31
40................................................... 30
36................................................... 27
34................................................... 25
32................................................... 23
30................................................... 21
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Weight-Count Standards for All Varieties of Peaches Packed in
Loose-Filled or Tight-Filled Containers
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column B--
Column A--Tray pack size designation \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
96......................................................... 96
88......................................................... 83
84......................................................... 79
80......................................................... 73
72......................................................... 64
70......................................................... 59
64......................................................... 53
60......................................................... 46
56......................................................... 45
54......................................................... 43
50......................................................... 39
48......................................................... 35
44......................................................... 33
42......................................................... 31
40......................................................... 30
36......................................................... 27
34......................................................... 25
32......................................................... 23
30......................................................... 21
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum number of peaches in 16-pound sample applicable to varieties
specified in paragraphs (a)(6)(ii) and (c)(3) of Sec. 917.459
* * * * *
(9) * * *
(i) The number of individual consumer packages, the net weight of
each consumer package, and the size description of the contents:
Provided, That when consumer packages of different sizes of peaches are
contained in a master container, the size description of the contents
shall indicate the minimum size contained therein, using the terms
``Minimum size 60 and larger,'' or ``Minimum size 70 and larger,''
etc., as applicable.
* * * * *
(d) During the period April 20, 1999 through November 23, 1999,
each container or package when packed with peaches meeting ``CA
Utility'' quality requirements, shall bear the words ``CA Utility,''
along with all other required container markings, in letters at least
\3/8\ inch in height on the visible display panel. Consumer bags or
packages must also be clearly marked on the consumer bags or packages
as ``CA Utility,'' along with other required markings, in letters at
least \3/8\ inch in height.
5. Section 917.459 is amended by:
(A) Revising the introductory text of paragraph (a)(1);
(B) Removing TABLE 1 in paragraph (a)(1)(i);
(C) Revising TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)(iv); and
(D) Revising the introductory text of paragraphs (a)(3), (a)(5),
and (a)(6) and adding paragraph (a)(4) introductory text to read as
follows:
Sec. 917.459 California peach grade and size regulation.
(a) * * *
(1) Any lot or package or container of any variety of peaches
unless such peaches meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade:
Provided, That an additional 25 percent tolerance shall be permitted
for fruit with open sutures which are damaged, but not seriously
damaged: Provided further, That during the period April 20, 1999
through November 23, 1999, any handler may handle peaches if such
peaches meet ``CA Utility'' quality requirements. The term ``CA
Utility'' means that not more than 40 percent of the peaches in any
container meet or exceed the requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade,
except that when more than 30 percent of the peaches in any container
meet or exceed the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade, the additional 10
percent shall have non-scoreable blemishes as determined when applying
the U.S. Standards for Grades of Peaches; and that such peaches are
mature and are:
* * * * *
(iv) * * *
Table 1 To Paragraph (a)(1)(iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column A--variety Column B--maturity guide
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ambercrest................................. G
Angelus.................................... I
August Lady................................ L
August Sun................................. I
Autumn Crest............................... I
Autumn Gem................................. I
Autumn Lady................................ H
Autumn Rose................................ I
Belmont (Fairmont)......................... I
[[Page 19034]]
Berenda Sun................................ I
Blum's Beauty.............................. G
Cal Red.................................... I
Carnival................................... I
Cassie..................................... H
Coronet.................................... E
Crimson Lady............................... J
Crown Princess............................. J
David Sun.................................. I
Diamond Princess........................... J
Early Delight.............................. H
Early Elegant Lady......................... L
Early May Crest............................ H
Early O'Henry.............................. I
Early Top.................................. G
Elberta.................................... B
Elegant Lady............................... L
Fairtime................................... G
Fancy Lady................................. J
Fay Elberta................................ C
Fayette.................................... I
Fire Red................................... I
First Lady................................. D
Flamecrest................................. I
Flavorcrest................................ G
Flavor Queen............................... H
Flavor Red................................. G
Franciscan................................. G
Goldcrest.................................. H
Golden Crest............................... H
Golden Lady................................ F
Honey Red.................................. G
John Henry................................. J
July Elberta............................... C
June Lady.................................. G
June Pride................................. J
June Sun................................... H
Kern Sun................................... H
Kingscrest................................. H
Kings Lady................................. I
Kings Red.................................. I
Lacey...................................... I
Lady Sue................................... L
Mary Anne.................................. G
May Crest.................................. G
May Sun.................................... I
Merrill Gem................................ G
Merrill Gemfree............................ G
O'Henry.................................... I
Pacifica................................... G
Parade..................................... I
Pat's Pride................................ D
Prima Gattie 8............................. L
Prima Lady................................. J
Queencrest................................. G
Ray Crest.................................. G
Red Cal.................................... I
Red Dancer (Red Boy)....................... I
Redhaven................................... G
Red Lady................................... G
Redtop..................................... G
Regina..................................... G
Rich Lady.................................. J
Rich May................................... H
Rich Mike.................................. H
Rio Oso Gem................................ I
Royal Lady................................. J
Royal May.................................. G
Ruby May................................... H
Ryan Sun................................... I
Scarlet Lady............................... F
September Sun.............................. I
Sierra Crest............................... H
Sierra Lady................................ I
Sparkle.................................... I
Springcrest................................ G
Spring Lady................................ H
Springold.................................. D
Sugar Lady................................. J
Summer Lady................................ L
Summerset.................................. I
Suncrest................................... G
Sweet Scarlet.............................. J
Topcrest................................... H
Tra Zee.................................... J
Willie Red................................. G
Zee Lady................................... L
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Consult with the Federal or Federal-State Inspection Service
Supervisor for the maturity guides applicable to the varieties not
listed in table 1 of this paragraph.
* * * * *
(3) Any package or container of Goldcrest, Super Rich, or Topcrest
variety peaches unless:
* * * * *
(4) Any package or container of Snow Dance variety peaches unless:
* * * * *
(5) Any package or container of Babcock, Crimson Lady, Crown
Princess, David Sun, Early May Crest, Flavorcrest, Golden Crest, June
Lady, Kern Sun, May Crest, May Sun, Merrill Gemfree, Pink Rose, Prima
Peach IV, Queencrest, Ray Crest, Redtop, Rich May, Rich Mike, Snow
Brite, Springcrest, Spring Lady, Spring Snow, Sugar May, Sweet Scarlet,
or White Dream variety of peaches unless:
* * * * *
(6) Any package or container of Amber Crest, August Lady, Autumn
Flame, Autumn Lady, Autumn Rose, Cal Red, Carnival, Cassie, Champagne,
Diamond Princess, Early Elegant Lady, Early O'Henry, Elegant Lady,
Fairtime, Fancy Lady, Fay Elberta, Flamecrest, John Henry, June Pride,
Kaweah, Kings Lady, Lacey, Late Ito Red, Madonna Sun, Morning Lord,
O'Henry, Prima Gattie, Prima Peach 13, Prima Peach 20, Prima Peach 23,
Red Dancer, Rich Lady, Royal Lady, Ryan Sun, Saturn (Donut), Scarlet
Snow, September Snow, September Sun, Sierra Lady, Snow Diamond, Snow
Giant, Snow King, Sparkle, Sprague Last Chance, Sugar Giant, Sugar
Lady, Summer Lady, Summer Sweet, Summer Zee, Suncrest, Tra Zee, Vista,
White Lady, Yukon King, Zee Lady, or 1-01-505 variety of peaches
unless:
* * * * *
Dated: April 14, 1999.
Robert C. Keeney,
Deputy Administrator, Fruit and Vegetable Programs.
[FR Doc. 99-9678 Filed 4-14-99; 1:28 pm]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P