[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 54 (Monday, March 22, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 13686-13700]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-6524]
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
28 CFR Part 79
[A.G. Order No. 2213-99]
RIN 1105-AA49
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act: Evidentiary Requirements;
Definitions; and Number of Times Claims May Be Filed
AGENCY: Civil Division, Department of Justice.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Department of Justice (``the Department'') amends its
existing regulations implementing the Radiation Exposure Compensation
Act to: allow claimants to submit affidavits or declarations in support
of a claim to establish smoking and alcohol consumption histories where
no other records exist; allow the use of pathology reports of tissue
biopsies as additional means by which claimants can present evidence of
a compensable non-malignant respiratory disease; amend the definitions
of ``smoker'' and ``non-smoker''; include in situ lung cancers under
the definition of primary cancers of the lung; and allow claimants who
have filed claims prior to the implementation of these regulations and
have been denied compensation to file another three times.
DATES: Effective date: April 21, 1999. This final rule will apply to
all claims pending with the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act Program
(``RECA Program'') as of this date.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerard W. Fischer (Assistant
Director), (202) 616-4090, and Lori Beg (Attorney), (202) 616-4377,
U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, P.O. Box 146, Ben Franklin
Station, Washington, D.C. 20044-0146.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On May 23, 1997, the Attorney General published a notice of
proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, 62 FR 28393 (1997),
setting forth proposed amendments to the regulations implementing the
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, Pub. L. 101-426, 104 Stat. 920
(1990) (codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. 2210 note) (``RECA'' or
``Act''). Comments were received over a period of 30 days ending on
July 22, 1997. In response to several requests from the public for
additional time, the comment period was reopened on August 29, 1997,
for an additional 30-day period ending on September 29, 1997. The
Department of Justice received 31 letters, each containing one or more
comments regarding the proposed amendments. Commenters included both
interested individuals and organizations. Most of the comments were
positive, applauding the proposed changes and encouraging their swift
implementation.
The Department carefully reviewed all of the comments, several of
which resulted in changes to the proposed rule. Specifically, the final
rule will not introduce standards for the use of high resolution
computed tomography (``HRCT'') reports, which were included in
Sec. 79.36(a)(ii)(A)(2) of the proposed rule. The Department received
many substantive comments on the proposed use of HRCT reports as a
means by which claimants can present evidence of a compensable non-
malignant respiratory disease. In order to respond to those comments,
the Department engaged in extensive research and consultation.
Presently, there is no consensus in the medical community for
standardized criteria for the use of HRCT reports in the diagnosis of
non-malignant respiratory diseases. Accordingly, as soon as the
Department, in consultation with its designated medical and scientific
experts, is able to identify recognized standards for the use of HRCT
reports, the Department will implement appropriate regulations.
Furthermore, the final rule amends the definitions of ``heavy
smoker'' and ``smoker'' to exclude, and the definition of ``non-
smoker'' to include, claimants who stopped smoking at least fifteen
years prior to the date of diagnosis of disease. These definitions
apply to claimants diagnosed with a compensable non-malignant
respiratory disease as well as those diagnosed with lung cancer, as
originally proposed. The Department is convinced that the evidence
supports this approach.
Discussion of Changes and Comments
Following are summaries and discussions of the comments, which have
been grouped together according to their similarity. Minor or technical
issues are not discussed.
In some cases, commenters suggested that the Department incorporate
certain regulatory provisions that would modify statutory requirements
relating to the criteria for compensation. Section 5 of the RECA
authorizes claims only by individuals employed in uranium mines in
particular states. Accordingly, the implementing regulations limit
compensation to individuals employed in uranium mines in those states
and exclude those individuals employed in uranium mines elsewhere as
well as those individuals employed in uranium
[[Page 13687]]
milling or processing, involved in mining other types of ore, and
simply residing in a community where uranium mining was conducted. See
28 CFR 79.30-32. In addition, section 5 of the RECA sets forth
specified compensable diseases and ties compensation to the level of
radiation exposure, age at incidence of disease onset, and smoker
status. The implementing regulations reflect the statutory limitations.
See 28 CFR 79.32(c)(1)-(2). Stated simply, the Department cannot modify
a statute by regulation. Rather, the legislative process must react to
these concerns.
One commenter suggested that the Department hold public meetings to
discuss the proposed regulatory changes, which the Assistant Director
for the Radiation Exposure Compensation Program, Gerard W. Fischer, and
others from the Department have done. The Program held meetings in
several locations in New Mexico and Utah, including the Navajo
Reservation, in order to present the proposed regulatory changes and
discuss their implementation with individuals in the affected
communities.
Several commenters asked the Department to render an opinion on
whether certain records or references in records would satisfy the
eligibility criteria in a hypothetical or individual case. The
Department, however, is unable to render any opinion without reviewing
an actual claim and evaluating the documentation provided in support of
that claim.
Subpart A--General
Section 79.2 General Definitions
Section 79.2(e) Contemporaneous Record. One commenter requested
clarification of the term ``contemporaneous records.'' Existing
regulations define the term to include those records that were created
when the described events occurred. In some instances, the dates of
records may not coincide precisely with the dates when actions took
place. For example, a claimant's employment summary contained in a
mining company archive may be used to clarify periods of employment
prior to the date of the summary. In such instances, we will determine
whether the records were created within a sufficient time of the
relevant period to be considered contemporaneous. The Department relies
on contemporaneous records because of their inherent reliability and
trustworthiness.
Section 79.4 Burden of proof, production of documents, presumptions,
and affidavits
Section 79.4(a) Production of documents. Several commenters
suggested that contemporaneous records do not exist to establish
complete employment histories for underground uranium miners,
particularly for those miners who worked in small mining operations.
This issue was addressed in connection with the original regulations,
and that discussion still applies. See 57 FR 12430 (1992). That is, we
have seen no evidence to support the assertion that contemporaneous
records do not exist. Our experience reveals that available social
security records are accurate and comprehensive. Thus, where records
from employers are not available from company archives, social security
records will sufficiently document an individual's employment history.
In the very few cases where claimants worked for companies that failed
to report earnings, claimants can provide federal or state income tax
records. Moreover, numerous sources, such as the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (``NIOSH''), the University of New
Mexico School of Medicine, the Colorado Bureau of Mines, and numerous
mining companies have contemporaneous records to establish individual
mining histories. In cases where claimants independently operated small
mines and failed to earn a sufficient income to report to federal or
state agencies, Atomic Energy Commission shipping records will reflect
the name of the mine operators, which may often be used to establish
exposure.
One commenter noted that various contemporaneous records, including
mine operator records and old medical records from country doctors,
have been stored in remote areas and that the Department should collect
and maintain such records. The Department currently maintains extensive
records from various mining resources, including the Public Health
Service Study of Uranium Miners, NIOSH, the Atomic Energy Commission,
the Colorado Bureau of Mines, and Utah Mine Inspection Reports. The
Department also has access to records from St. Mary's Hospital, the
University of New Mexico School of Medicine, and the Colorado Tumor
Registry, all of which maintain radon exposure information. The
Department also has accessed records from various private entities.
Although it cannot collect and store records from private companies,
the Department will do all that it can to urge still-existing private
companies to make their records available to the public. The Department
attempts to identify records held by various public and private
organizations and makes such information known to claimants.
Additionally, if it is known to the Department that specific records
are likely to be destroyed, we attempt to locate organizations that may
be interested in maintaining those records and making them available to
claimants. However, the RECA Program was not designed, nor is it
equipped, to gather and maintain large quantities of records.
Section 79.4(c) Affidavits. One commenter inquired as to the form
an affidavit must take and the level of specificity required. Because
the information contained in an affidavit will depend on the specific
facts of each case, it is impossible to precisely define the amount of
detail necessary to establish any element of compensation.
Other commenters suggested that affidavits should be accepted on
any and all relevant issues, and one commenter added that affidavits
should be accepted to establish eligibility criteria without records to
support the assertions contained therein. The Department, however, has
purposefully limited the use of affidavits. In the experience of the
RECA Program to date, affidavits are unnecessary in most cases.
Determinations of eligibility based on documentation increase the
integrity of the process, limit transactional costs, and minimize the
potential for fraud. Despite complaints to the contrary, we have found
that there is an enormous body of reliable contemporaneous records that
can be used to establish eligibility requirements. Contemporaneous
records are inherently more reliable than affidavits.
Several commenters suggested that the Department should accept
affidavits from individuals other than claimants, i.e., co-workers,
friends, neighbors, and extended family members, to establish
eligibility criteria for downwind presence or uranium mining
employment. One commenter recommended that ``non-claimant'' affidavits
should be allowed to establish all eligibility criteria. The
Department, however, must limit the submission of affidavits to those
individuals who are best situated to supply the information. Because of
the risk that such affidavits may not provide information that is based
on personal knowledge, the Department has placed reasonable
restrictions on the submission of affidavits in an effort to ensure
their reliability. Accordingly, affidavits may be submitted only by the
claimant or the eligible surviving beneficiary.
[[Page 13688]]
The final rule provides that affidavits will be accepted for the
following purposes: (1) to prove eligibility of family members as set
forth in the regulations at Sec. 79.51(e), (f), (g), (h), or (i); (2)
to acknowledge other compensation received as set forth in
Sec. 79.55(c) or (d); (3) to prove smoking and/or drinking history and/
or age at diagnosis as set forth in Sec. 79.27(d) and Sec. 79.37(d);
(4) to prove the amount of coffee consumed as set forth in
Sec. 79.27(e); or (5) to establish mining information as set forth in
Sec. 79.33(b)(2).
One commenter proposed that affidavits be permitted to establish an
individual's physical presence in a designated affected downwind area
where former employers are no longer in existence or records have been
destroyed, and where such employment is not documented in Social
Security earnings records. The commenter urged that such declarations
would be admissible in a court of law. Our experience has shown that a
multitude of records are available to establish presence in downwind
areas. The absence of records from one particular source will not
necessarily preclude a claimant from establishing such presence. The
RECA Program accepts records created by government entities,
educational institutions, utility services, libraries, historical
societies, religious organizations, businesses, associations, and
medical institutions to establish the physical presence criteria under
28 CFR 79.13. Additionally, in response to related comments to the
initial regulations, the Department added contemporaneous postcards and
certain postal stamped envelopes to the expansive list of acceptable
records. See 57 FR 12430 (1992). Affidavits submitted in lieu of
contemporaneous records, on the other hand, do not contain the same
level of trustworthiness and cannot be relied upon to prove physical
presence, a basic criterion for compensation under the downwinder
program. The RECA Program represents Congress's attempt to create an
inexpensive, expeditious, easy-to-administer, and non-adversarial
scheme to compensate qualifying claimants. Expanding the role of
affidavits in the compensation process would necessarily require
staffing increases, alter the nature of the Program, and frustrate the
purposes that Congress sought to achieve.
Subpart B--Eligibility Criteria for Claims Relating to Childhood
Leukemia
Section 79.12 Criteria for Eligibility
One commenter suggested that the downwinder provisions of the
regulations be amended to provide compensation for individuals who were
``in utero'' during the designated time periods and later developed
leukemia. The Act as well as the current regulations are silent on the
issue of whether a fetus constitutes an ``individual'' for purposes of
eligibility. Accordingly, the Department will rely on judicial
interpretation in addition to legislative intent in making its
determination should it be faced with such a situation.
Subpart C--Eligibility Criteria for Claims Relating to Certain
Specified Diseases
Section 79.22 Criteria for Eligibility
One commenter suggested that the downwinder provisions of the
regulations be amended to provide compensation for individuals who were
``in utero'' during the designated time periods and later contracted
any of the specified compensable diseases. The discussion of this
comment at Sec. 79.12 applies to this section of the regulations.
Subpart D--Uranium Miners
Section 79.31 Definitions
Section 79.31(e) Non-smoker. One commenter suggested that the
Department revise the definition of non-smoker to include Native
American Indians who smoked only for ceremonial purposes, even if they
did so within 15 years of diagnosis of lung cancer. The Department
evaluates each case independently in order to determine whether an
individual has shown by a preponderance of the evidence that the
eligibility criteria are established. In cases where an individual
presents documentation referencing his or her prior smoking history,
the Department will carefully evaluate such references on a case-by-
case basis. In addition, most medical histories that describe smoking
status reference the extent of smoking in relation to ``pack'' of
cigarettes and ``portions'' used. Finally, the only type of smoking
that is relevant under the regulations is cigarette smoking. Pipe
smoking, or any other type of smoking, is not relevant to the RECA
Program. The existing regulations specify that ``smoking'' ``does not
include the use of cigars or pipe tobacco, or any tobacco products that
are used without being lighted.'' 28 CFR 79.21(d).
Several commenters proposed revising the definition of non-smoker
to include former smokers who developed a compensable non-malignant
respiratory disease. The Department's designated experts at NIOSH have
advised that former smokers who develop one of the compensable non-
malignant respiratory diseases could be considered non-smokers for
purposes of establishing the eligibility criteria. The NIOSH experts
advise that this is especially true if the individual stopped smoking
many years prior to the diagnosis of a restrictive non-malignant
respiratory disease. Further, it is the opinion of the NIOSH experts
that, based on available existing medical data, it is reasonable to
treat an individual diagnosed with a compensable non-malignant
respiratory disease as a non-smoker where the individual stopped
smoking at least 15 years prior to diagnosis. We have decided to accept
the recommendation of commenters to extend the applicability of the
definition of ``non-smoker'' to individuals who stopped smoking at
least 15 years prior to being diagnosed with a compensable non-
malignant respiratory disease.
Section 79.31 (f) Smoker. The Department currently defines a smoker
as an individual who smoked at least ``one (1) pack year'' of cigarette
products. Several commenters suggested that the Department should
increase the number of pack years required for an individual to be
treated as a smoker. Existing regulations define a pack year as ``an
average of 20 cigarettes per day for one year.'' 28 CFR 79.21(d). A
more detailed discussion of this definition was offered in connection
with Department's current implementing regulations. See 57 FR 12431
(1992). However, in light of the suggested change, we reviewed the
relevant literature and consulted with numerous experts from the
National Cancer Institute. We were advised that most epidemiological
studies define a ``smoker'' as one who smoked one cigarette per day for
one year, far less than the one pack year of cigarette smoking
presently used in the RECA Program and set forth in the regulations.
Many of the experts we consulted consider our current working
definition very lenient and recommend against liberalizing it further.
Section 79.31 (g) Onset or Incidence. One commentator noted that
the ``date of diagnosis'' or ``initial diagnosis'' is not always clear
from the medical records. With respect to uranium miners, the date of
diagnosis is relevant only in relation to the issue of smoking status.
A claimant's smoking status must be established by providing all
medical records, as specified in 28 CFR 79.37(a), that were created six
months prior to, and six months after, the initial date of diagnosis of
a compensable disease. When the date of diagnosis is relevant, the RECA
Program reviews the medical
[[Page 13689]]
records to establish the initial date of diagnosis of a compensable
disease. If any records suggest an earlier date of diagnosis, we will
request medical records from the time of the earlier date of diagnosis
to resolve the question. In all cases, the RECA Program will assist
claimants in obtaining these additional records.
Section 79.31(h) Primary Lung Cancer. One commenter requested that
the Department provide a definition for ``in situ'' lung cancer. ``In
situ'' lung cancer means that the cancerous cells have not left the
tissue compartment of origin. It is a term of medical art that
sometimes appears in claimants' medical records. In order to make it
clear that such a term does not disqualify a claimant, the final rule
includes it in the general definition of lung cancer.
Section 79.31(j) Fibrosis of the Lung or Pulmonary Fibrosis. One
commenter requested that the Department provide more detailed
descriptions of the types of medical evidence that would be considered
a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis for deceased miners. Because of the
many types of evidence that can satisfy this condition, providing a
list of all conditions that describe the existence of pulmonary
fibrosis is impossible. The regulations presently identify specific
records and results required for living miners. However, cases
involving deceased miners, where recent x-rays are not available, often
require a thorough analysis by a medical expert who is qualified to
evaluate a multitude of findings and determine by a preponderance of
the evidence whether a claimant contracted a compensable disease. Since
the evidence is different in each case, identifying every qualifying
condition is not feasible.
Section 79.33 Proof of Employment in a uranium mine. Several
commenters suggested that contemporaneous records do not exist to
establish complete employment histories for underground uranium miners,
particularly for those who worked in small mining operations. This
issue was addressed in the original regulations, and the discussion
offered in connection with those regulations still applies. That is, we
have seen no evidence to support the assertion that contemporaneous
records do not exist. Our experience reveals that social security
records are accurate and comprehensive. In the very few cases where
claimants worked for companies that failed to report earnings,
claimants can provide federal or state income tax records. Moreover,
numerous sources, such as NIOSH, the University of New Mexico School of
Medicine, the Colorado Bureau of Mines, and numerous mining companies,
have contemporaneous records to establish individual mining histories.
In cases where claimants independently operated small mines and failed
to earn a sufficient income to report to federal or state agencies,
Atomic Energy Commission shipping records will reflect the name of the
operators, which may often be used to establish exposure.
Section 79.34 Proof of working level month exposure to radiation.
One commenter noted concern that it is not possible to determine
accurate radiation exposure levels in small mines because of the lack
of readings taken from those mines. The commenter asserted that
readings were taken only in the larger mines, where better ventilation
systems were presumably employed. The NIOSH records used by the
Department, however, do include exposure readings from many small
mines. Moreover, the readings taken from the larger mines do not
necessarily reflect lower exposure readings. In instances where
exposure levels are unavailable for a particular mine, the regulations
allow the RECA Program to use readings from other mines in the same
geographical area, which typically include readings from mines of
various sizes.
Another commenter expressed concern that radiation exposure
measurements were taken from areas of the mine where the working levels
were lower and, therefore, the readings do not accurately reflect
exposure for purposes of calculating working level months. This issue
was discussed in connection with the original regulations and that
discussion still applies. See 57 FR 12432 (1992). Principally, Congress
was aware that there were variations in the measurement of working
levels in the mines but chose to set defined minimum levels based on
the measurement data that existed. We must presume that those minimum
levels set by Congress take into account the problems associated with
the collection of the data. Moreover, there is simply no method of
calculation that would result in total accuracy. Working level
measurements varied widely within each mine in terms of time and
location. We have found no evidence, however, that suggests that
readings were taken only in areas where working levels were low. To the
contrary, the numerous higher-level exposure readings included in the
NIOSH database indicate that this was not the practice.
One commenter noted that there is limited exposure data from small
mining operations because NIOSH did not conduct radiation measurements
until the mid-1960s, although uranium mining began twenty years
earlier. The Department has access to Public Health Service records,
which provide radiation exposure measurements that were recorded as
early as 1950. To determine the exposure levels for 1947 through 1949,
the Department applies the methodology outlined in the current
regulations at 28 CFR 79.34(g)(2).
Section 79.36 Proof of non-malignant respiratory disease
Section 79.36(d)(1)(ii)(2) High resolution computed tomography
scans and interpretation. There were several substantive comments
regarding medical standards for the use of HRCT reports in diagnosing
non-malignant respiratory diseases. Commenters included leading
thoracic practitioners from major medical teaching facilities around
the country. Their concerns specifically addressed such issues as
scanner setting technique, use of non-conforming nomenclature, the lack
of training in interpreting HRCT reports that is provided by most
accredited radiology residency programs, and the absence of
standardized testing protocols. While the Department sought out
scientists in the medical community who had experience and expertise in
the area to initially develop the proposed HRCT evaluation criteria,
``recognized'' standards by which to use HRCT reports to diagnose
pulmonary fibrosis and the other compensable non-malignant respiratory
diseases are still not available. The Department has determined,
therefore, that it would be premature at this time to implement the use
of HRCT reports as a diagnostic tool. As soon as recognized standards
for evaluating HRCT reports develop, the Department will introduce
appropriate regulations.
79.36(d)(1)(ii)(B)(1) Pulmonary function tests. One commenter
stated that the pulmonary function test (``PFT'') requirements are
arbitrary and too stringent. The existing regulations defined pulmonary
impairment as either a forced expiratory volume in one second
(``FEV1'') or forced vital capacity (``FVC'') result less than or equal
to 75% of the predicted value. In the amending regulations, the
Department proposed to liberalize this definition in accordance with
the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. In the final
rule, pulmonary impairment is defined as FEV1 or FVC less than or equal
to 80% of the predicted value.
Another commenter suggested that the Department adopt ethnic-
specific PFT standards for Native Americans. The Department has
declined to adopt this recommendation for several reasons. First, there
is insufficient
[[Page 13690]]
statistical confidence in the data obtained in the limited studies on
this issue. To incorporate such a distinction at this time into a legal
compensation scheme would be premature. Second, the Department will not
adopt standards that might adversely discriminate against any one
particular community. Third, acceptable PFT standards do not exist for
each ethnic group within the subject population. Finally, the current
regulations provide an alternative means by which to establish
functional impairment, namely, arterial blood-gas (``ABG'') studies.
Any inadequacies that may exist in the PFT standards can be avoided
entirely with an ABG study, which is unaffected by physiological
differences among ethnic groups.
79.36(d)(1)(ii)(B)(2) Arterial blood-gas studies. Another commenter
sought clarification on the interpretation of arterial blood gas
(``ABG'') studies when results fall between the values set forth in the
tables in appendix B of the implementing regulations. When reported
pCO2 results fall between values listed in those tables, the
Department will interpolate the corresponding qualifying pO2
value.
One commenter indicated that the Department should create new
tables reflecting lower pO2 values as altitude increases and
including separate pO2 values for every 1,000 feet above sea
level. The Department consulted with its designated experts at NIOSH
and requested that they study the existing ABG tables, specifically
focusing their inquiry on the effects of revising the ABG tables to
reflect impairment values broken down by 1,000 feet increments. The
NIOSH experts advised that specifying impairment levels (reflected by
pO2 and pCO2 values) for every 1,000 feet change
in elevation would actually disqualify many claimants from
compensation. The ABG tables as they now exist, providing impairment
values broken down into only two altitude categories, are quite
generous. Narrowing the altitude intervals would decrease, rather than
increase, a claimant's chance of satisfying the impairment
requirements.
Section 79.36(e) Medical review. One commenter asserted that
medical review of HRCT reports and ``B'' reader interpretations of
chest x-rays by medical consultants is burdensome and not in accordance
with the spirit of the Act. Section 6(b)(2) of the Act, however,
specifically designates the NIOSH as a source for consultation when
deemed necessary in making medical determinations. Given the highly
technical nature of many of the eligibility criteria, expert opinions
and guidance are necessary to resolve many claims. As the Department
administers a compensation program for eligible individuals, it is in
the public interest to subject claims to appropriate scrutiny.
Section 79.37 Proof of smoking, nonsmoking, and age. Several
commenters argued that affidavits should be accepted to establish
smoking status when medical records are silent, incomplete, or reflect
unclear or conflicting information regarding an individual's smoking
history. In order to prove a history of non-smoking, the Department
requires certain medical documentation created within the period six
months before and six months after the date of diagnosis of a
compensable disease. The final rule, however, seeks to liberalize the
proof requirement by allowing claimants to submit affidavits regarding
smoking history in the event that the required medical records no
longer exist, or fail to contain information pertaining to the
claimant's smoking history.
Subpart F--Procedures
Section 79.51 Filing of Claims
One commenter requested clarification of the number of times a
claim may be filed, and how the revised regulations would affect the
limitations on filing. A related comment suggested that we apply the
revised regulations to pending claims rather than requiring claimants
to re-file for consideration under those regulations. We concur with
this suggestion. The final rule allows claimants who filed claims prior
to the rule's implementation and were denied compensation to file
another three times. Moreover, the revised regulations will apply to
all claims pending as of April 21, 1999, the date the final rule
becomes effective, regardless of when those claims were filed.
Certifications and Determinations
In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 605(b), the Attorney General certifies
that this rule affects only individuals filing claims under the RECA.
Therefore, this rule does not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities, as that term is defined in 5
U.S.C. 601(6). This rule, however, is a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866 and, accordingly, has been reviewed by the
Office of Management and Budget. The rule is not a major rule as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2) nor is it a rule having federalism
implications warranting assessment in accordance with section 6 of
Executive Order 12612. In addition, this rule is in full compliance
with the Paperwork Reduction Act.
List of Subjects in 28 CFR Part 79
Administrative practice and procedure, Authority delegations
(Government agencies), Cancer, Claims, Radiation Exposure Compensation
Act, Radioactive materials, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Underground mining, Uranium.
Accordingly, part 79 of chapter I of title 28 of the Code of
Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 79--CLAIMS UNDER THE RADIATION EXPOSURE COMPENSATION ACT
1. The authority citation for part 79 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Sec. 6(b) and (j), Pub.L. 101-426, 104 Stat. 920 (42
U.S.C. Sec. 2210 note).
2. Section 79.4(c) is amended by redesignating paragraphs (c)(3)
and (c)(4) as paragraphs (c)(4) and (c)(5), adding a new paragraph
(c)(3) and revising paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) and new paragraphs
(c)(4) and (c)(5) as follows:
Sec. 79.4 Burden of proof, production of documents, presumptions, and
affidavits.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) Eligibility of family members as set forth in Sec. 79.51(e),
(f), (g), (h), or (i);
(2) Other compensation received as set forth in Sec. 79.55(c) or
(d);
(3) Smoking and/or drinking history and/or age at diagnosis as set
forth in Sec. 79.27(d) and Sec. 79.37(d);
(4) The amount of coffee consumed as set forth in Sec. 79.27(e); or
(5) Mining information as set forth in Sec. 79.33(b)(2).
3. Section 79.5 is amended by adding paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 79.5 Requirements for written medical documentation,
contemporaneous records, and other records or documents.
* * * * *
(c) To establish eligibility the claimant or eligible surviving
beneficiary may be required to provide, where appropriate, additional
contemporaneous records to the extent they exist or an authorization to
release additional contemporaneous records or a statement by the
custodian(s) of the records certifying that the requested record(s) no
longer exist. Nothing in the regulations in this section shall be
construed to limit the Assistant Director's ability to require
additional documentation.
4. In Sec. 79.21, paragraph (d) is amended by adding one new
sentence
[[Page 13691]]
after the second sentence to read as follows:
Sec. 79.21 Definitions.
* * * * *
(d) * * * The term excludes an individual who smoked more than 20
pack years, but who can establish in accordance with Sec. 79.27 that he
or she stopped smoking at least fifteen (15) years prior to the
diagnosis of primary cancer of the esophagus, pharynx, or pancreas, and
did not resume smoking at any time thereafter.
* * * * *
5. Section 79.27 is amended by revising the heading, re-designating
paragraph (c) as new paragraph (e), adding new paragraphs (c) and (d),
and revising paragraphs (a) and (b), to read as follows:
Sec. 79.27 Proof of no heavy smoking, no heavy drinking, no heavy
coffee drinking and no indication of the presence of hepatitis B and
cirrhosis.
(a)(1) If the claimant or eligible surviving beneficiary is
claiming eligibility under this subpart for primary cancer of the
esophagus, pharynx, pancreas, or liver, the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary must submit, in addition to proof of the disease,
all medical records listed below from any hospital, medical facility,
or health care provider that were created within the period six (6)
months before and six (6) months after the date of diagnosis of primary
cancer of the esophagus, pharynx, pancreas, or liver:
(i) All history and physical examination reports;
(ii) All operative and consultation reports;
(iii) All pathology reports; and
(iv) All physician, hospital, and health care facility admission
and discharge summaries.
(2) In the event that any of the records in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section no longer exist, the claimant or eligible surviving
beneficiary must submit a certified statement by the custodian(s) of
those records to that effect.
(b) If the medical records listed in paragraph (a) of this section,
or information possessed by the state cancer or tumor registries,
reflects that the claimant was a heavy smoker or a heavy drinker or
indicates the presence of hepatitis B and/or cirrhosis, the Radiation
Exposure Compensation Unit will notify the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary and afford that individual the opportunity to
submit other written medical documentation or contemporaneous records
in accordance with Sec. 79.52(b) to establish that the claimant was not
a heavy smoker or heavy drinker or that there was no indication of
hepatitis B and/or cirrhosis.
(c) The Program may also require that the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary provide additional medical records or other
contemporaneous records and/or an authorization to release such
additional medical and contemporaneous records as may be needed to make
a determination regarding the indication of the presence of hepatitis B
and/or cirrhosis and the claimant's history of smoking and alcohol
consumption.
(d) If the custodian(s) of the records listed in paragraph (a) of
this section and the records requested in accordance with paragraph (c)
of this section certifies that a claimant's records no longer exist,
and if the state cancer or tumor registries do not contain information
concerning the claimant's history of smoking or alcohol-consumption,
the Assistant Director may require that the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary submit an affidavit (or declaration) made under
penalty of perjury detailing the histories or lack thereof and, if the
affiant (or declarant) is the eligible surviving beneficiary, the basis
for such knowledge. This affidavit (or declaration) will be considered
by the Assistant Director in making a determination concerning the
claimant's history of smoking and alcohol consumption.
(e) * * *
6. Section 79.31 is amended by revising paragraphs (e) and (f) and
the second sentence of paragraph (h), to read as follows:
Sec. 79.31 Definitions.
* * * * *
(e) Non-smoker means an individual who never smoked tobacco
cigarette products or who smoked less than the amount defined in
paragraph (f) of this section and includes an individual who smoked at
least one (1) pack year but whose acceptable documentation as set forth
in Sec. 79.37 establishes that he or she stopped smoking at least
fifteen (15) years prior to the diagnosis of primary cancer of the
lung, pulmonary fibrosis, fibrosis of the lung, cor pulmonale related
to fibrosis of the lung, or moderate or severe silicosis or
pneumoconiosis, and that he or she did not resume smoking at any time
thereafter.
(f) Smoker means an individual who has smoked at least one (1) pack
year of cigarette products, and who is not deemed a non-smoker by
virtue of paragraph (e) of this section.
* * * * *
(h) * * * The term includes cancers in situ.
* * * * *
8. Section 79.36 is amended by revising the first sentence of
paragraph (a), revising paragraph (d)(1)(ii), and adding new paragraph
(e) to read as follows:
Sec. 79.36 Proof of non-malignant respiratory disease.
(a) Written medical documentation is required in all cases to prove
that the claimant developed a non-malignant respiratory disease. * * *
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) * * *
(ii) If the claimant is alive, (A) One of the following:
(1) Chest x-rays and two ``B'' reader interpretations. A chest x-
ray administered in accordance with standard techniques on full size
film at quality 1 or 2, and interpretative reports of the x-ray by two
certified ``B'' readers classifying the existence of fibrosis of
category 1/0 or higher according to the ILO 1980, or subsequent
revisions; or
(2) Pathology reports of tissue biopsies. A pathology report of a
tissue biopsy, but only if performed for medically justified reasons;
and
(B) One or more of the following:
(1) Pulmonary function tests. Pulmonary function tests consisting
of three tracings recording the results of the forced expiratory volume
in one second (FEV1) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) administered
and reported in accordance with the Standardization of Spirometry--1987
Update by the American Thoracic Society, and reflecting values for FEV1
or FVC that are less than or equal to 80% of the predicted value for an
individual of the claimant's age, sex, and height, as set forth in the
Tables in Appendix A; or
(2) Arterial blood-gas studies. An arterial blood-gas study
administered at rest in a sitting position, or an exercise arterial
blood-gas test, reflecting values equal to or less than the values set
forth in the Tables in Appendix B of this part.
* * * * *
(e) The Radiation Exposure Compensation Unit may seek qualified
medical review of ``B'' reader interpretations or pathology reports of
tissue biopsies submitted by a claimant or eligible surviving
beneficiary or obtain additional ``B'' reader interpretations or
pathology reports of tissue biopsies at any time to ensure that
appropriate weight is given to this evidence and to guarantee
uniformity
[[Page 13692]]
and reliability. This review may include obtaining additional chest x-
ray interpretations and additional pathology reports of tissue
biopsies.
9. Section 79.37 is amended by revising the section heading,
revising paragraphs (a) and (b), and adding new paragraphs (c) and (d)
to read as follows:
Sec. 79.37 Proof of non-smoker and diagnosis prior to age 45.
(a)(1) In order to prove a history of non-smoking for purposes of
Sec. 79.32(c)(1), and/or diagnosis of a compensable disease prior to
age 45 for purposes of Sec. 79.32(c)(2)(i), the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary must submit all medical records listed in this
paragraph (a)(1) from any hospital, medical facility, or health care
provider that were created within the period six (6) months before and
six (6) months after the date of diagnosis of primary lung cancer or a
compensable nonmalignant respiratory disease:
(i) All history and physical examination reports;
(ii) All operative and consultation reports;
(iii) All pathology reports;
(iv) All physician, hospital, and health care facility admission
and discharge summaries.
(2) In the event that any of the records in paragraph (a)(1) no
longer exist, the claimant or eligible surviving beneficiary must
submit a certified statement by the custodian(s) of those records to
that effect.
(b) If, after a review of the records listed in paragraph (a) of
this section, and/or the information possessed by the PHS, NIOSH, state
cancer or tumor registries, state authorities, or the custodian of a
federally supported health-related study, the Assistant Director finds
that the claimant was a smoker, and/or that the claimant was diagnosed
with a compensable disease after age 45, the Unit will notify the
claimant or eligible surviving beneficiary and afford that individual
the opportunity to submit other written medical documentation in
accordance with Sec. 79.52(b) to establish that the claimant was a non-
smoker and/or was diagnosed with a compensable disease prior to age 45.
(c) The Unit may also require that the claimant or eligible
surviving beneficiary provide additional medical records or other
contemporaneous records and/or an authorization to release such
additional medical and contemporaneous records as may be needed to make
a determination regarding the claimant's smoking history and/or age at
diagnosis with a compensable disease.
(d) If the custodian(s) of the records listed in paragraph (a) of
this section and the records requested in accordance with paragraph (c)
of this section certifies that a claimant's records no longer exist,
and information possessed by the PHS, NIOSH, state cancer or tumor
registries, state authorities, or the custodian of a federally
supported health-related study do not contain information pertaining to
the claimant's smoking history, the Assistant Director may require that
the claimant or eligible surviving beneficiary submit an affidavit (or
declaration) made under penalty of perjury detailing the claimant's
smoking history or lack thereof and, if the affiant (or declarant) is
the eligible surviving beneficiary, the basis for such knowledge. This
affidavit (or declaration) will be considered by the Assistant Director
in making a determination concerning the claimant's history of smoking.
10. In Sec. 79.51, paragraph (j) is amended by revising paragraphs
(j)(3) and (j)(4), adding paragraph (j)(5) and adding a sentence at the
end of the concluding text to read as follows:
Sec. 79.51 Filing of claims.
* * * * *
(j) * * *
(3) Onsite participation in a nuclear test,
(4) Exposure to a defined minimum level of radiation in a uranium
mine or mines during a designated time period, or
(5) The identity of the claimant and/or surviving beneficiary.
* * * Claims filed prior to April 21, 1999 will not be included in
determining the number of claims filed.
11. In Sec. 79.55, paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (d)(1)(ii) are revised
to read as follows:
Sec. 79.55 Procedures for payment of claims.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) Any disability payments or compensation benefits paid to the
claimant and his/her dependents while the claimant is alive; and
(ii) Any Dependency and Indemnity Compensation payments made to
survivors due to death related to the illness for which the claim under
the Act is submitted.
* * * * *
12. Appendix A to Part 79 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 79--Pulmonary Function Tables
Table 1.--Males FVC
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.0............................................................ 1.74 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.41 1.36 1.32 1.27
56.5............................................................ 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35
57.0............................................................ 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.63 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.44
57.5............................................................ 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.52
58.0............................................................ 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.71 1.66 1.61
58.5............................................................ 2.17 2.13 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.70
59.0............................................................ 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.83 1.78
59.5............................................................ 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87
60.0............................................................ 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95
60.5............................................................ 2.52 2.47 2.42 2.37 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.04
61.0............................................................ 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.12
61.5............................................................ 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.26 2.21
62.0............................................................ 2.77 2.73 2.68 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.30
62.5............................................................ 2.86 2.81 2.76 2.72 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.38
63.0............................................................ 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.47
63.5............................................................ 3.03 2.98 2.94 2.89 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.55
64.0............................................................ 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.64
64.5............................................................ 3.20 3.15 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.77 2.73
[[Page 13693]]
65.0............................................................ 3.29 3.24 3.19 3.14 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.91 2.86 2.81
65.5............................................................ 3.37 3.33 3.28 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.09 3.04 2.99 2.94 2.90
66.0............................................................ 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.27 3.22 3.17 3.13 3.08 3.03 2.98
66.5............................................................ 3.54 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.26 3.21 3.16 3.12 3.07
67.0............................................................ 3.63 3.58 3.54 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.15
67.5............................................................ 3.72 3.67 3.62 3.57 3.53 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.34 3.29 3.24
68.0............................................................ 3.80 3.75 3.71 3.66 3.61 3.56 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.37 3.33
68.5............................................................ 3.89 3.84 3.79 3.74 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.55 3.51 3.46 3.41
69.0............................................................ 3.97 3.93 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.74 3.69 3.64 3.59 3.54 3.50
69.5............................................................ 4.06 4.01 3.96 3.92 3.87 3.82 3.77 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.58
70.0............................................................ 4.15 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.95 3.91 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.72 3.67
70.5............................................................ 4.23 4.18 4.14 4.09 4.04 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.75
71.0............................................................ 4.32 4.27 4.22 4.17 4.13 4.08 4.03 3.98 3.94 3.89 3.84
71.5............................................................ 4.40 4.35 4.31 4.26 4.21 4.16 4.12 4.07 4.02 3.97 3.93
72.0............................................................ 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.35 4.30 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.11 4.06 4.01
72.5............................................................ 4.57 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.34 4.29 4.24 4.19 4.14 4.10
73.0............................................................ 4.66 4.61 4.56 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.37 4.33 4.28 4.23 4.18
73.5............................................................ 4.75 4.70 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.51 4.46 4.41 4.36 4.32 4.27
74.0............................................................ 4.83 4.78 4.74 4.69 4.64 4.59 4.55 4.50 4.45 4.40 4.35
74.5............................................................ 4.92 4.87 4.82 4.77 4.73 4.68 4.63 4.58 4.54 4.49 4.44
75.0............................................................ 5.00 4.96 4.91 4.86 4.81 4.76 4.72 4.67 4.62 4.57 4.53
75.5............................................................ 5.09 5.04 4.99 4.95 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.75 4.71 4.66 4.61
76.0............................................................ 5.17 5.13 5.08 5.03 4.98 4.94 4.89 4.84 4.79 4.75 4.70
76.5............................................................ 5.26 5.21 5.16 5.12 5.07 5.02 4.97 4.93 4.88 4.83 4.78
77.0............................................................ 5.35 5.30 5.25 5.20 5.16 5.11 5.06 5.01 4.96 4.92 4.87
77.5............................................................ 5.43 5.38 5.34 5.29 5.24 5.19 5.15 5.10 5.05 5.00 4.95
78.0............................................................ 5.52 5.47 5.42 5.37 5.33 5.28 5.23 5.18 5.14 5.09 5.04
78.5............................................................ 5.60 5.56 5.51 5.46 5.41 5.36 5.32 5.27 5.22 5.17 5.13
79.0............................................................ 5.69 5.64 5.59 5.55 5.50 5.45 5.40 5.35 5.31 5.26 5.21
79.5............................................................ 5.77 5.73 5.68 5.63 5.58 5.54 5.49 5.44 5.39 5.35 5.30
80.0............................................................ 5.86 5.81 5.76 5.72 5.67 5.62 5.57 5.53 5.48 5.43 5.38
80.5............................................................ 5.95 5.90 5.85 5.80 5.76 5.71 5.66 5.61 5.56 5.52 5.47
81.0............................................................ 6.03 5.98 5.94 5.89 5.84 5.79 5.75 5.70 5.65 5.60 5.55
81.5............................................................ 6.12 6.07 6.02 5.97 5.93 5.88 5.83 5.78 5.74 5.69 5.64
82.0............................................................ 6.20 6.16 6.11 6.06 6.01 5.96 5.92 5.87 5.82 5.77 5.73
82.5............................................................ 6.29 6.24 6.19 6.15 6.10 6.05 6.00 5.96 5.91 5.86 5.81
83.0............................................................ 6.37 6.33 6.28 6.23 6.18 6.14 6.09 6.04 5.99 5.95 5.90
83.5............................................................ 6.46 6.41 6.37 6.32 6.27 6.22 6.17 6.13 6.08 6.03 5.98
84.0............................................................ 6.55 6.50 6.45 6.40 6.36 6.31 6.26 6.21 6.16 6.12 6.07
84.5............................................................ 6.63 6.58 6.54 6.49 6.44 6.39 6.35 6.30 6.25 6.20 6.16
85.0............................................................ 6.72 6.67 6.62 6.57 6.53 6.48 6.43 6.38 6.34 6.29 6.24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1a.--Males FVC
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.0............................ 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.08 1.03 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.79
56.5............................ 1.31 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.11 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.92 0.88
57.0............................ 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.06 1.01 0.96
57.5............................ 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.10 1.05
58.0............................ 1.56 1.52 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.32 1.28 1.23 1.18 1.13
58.5............................ 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.41 1.36 1.31 1.27 1.22
59.0............................ 1.73 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.31
59.5............................ 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.63 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.44 1.39
60.0............................ 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.48
60.5............................ 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.56
61.0............................ 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.70 1.65
61.5............................ 2.16 2.12 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73
62.0............................ 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82
62.5............................ 2.33 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.91
63.0............................ 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.04 1.99
63.5............................ 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.12 2.08
64.0............................ 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.16
64.5............................ 2.68 2.63 2.58 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.25
65.0............................ 2.76 2.72 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.48 2.43 2.38 2.33
[[Page 13694]]
65.5............................ 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.47 2.42
66.0............................ 2.93 2.89 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.55 2.51
66.5............................ 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.59
67.0............................ 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.77 2.72 2.68
67.5............................ 3.19 3.14 3.10 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.91 2.86 2.81 2.76
68.0............................ 3.28 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 3.04 2.99 2.94 2.90 2.85
68.5............................ 3.36 3.32 3.27 3.22 3.17 3.13 3.08 3.03 2.98 2.93
69.0............................ 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.26 3.21 3.16 3.12 3.07 3.02
69.5............................ 3.53 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.11
70.0............................ 3.62 3.57 3.53 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.29 3.24 3.19
70.5............................ 3.71 3.66 3.61 3.56 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.37 3.33 3.28
71.0............................ 3.79 3.74 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.55 3.51 3.46 3.41 3.36
71.5............................ 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.73 3.69 3.64 3.59 3.54 3.50 3.45
72.0............................ 3.96 3.92 3.87 3.82 3.77 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.58 3.53
72.5............................ 4.05 4.00 3.95 3.91 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.72 3.67 3.62
73.0............................ 4.14 4.09 4.04 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.75 3.71
73.5............................ 4.22 4.17 4.13 4.08 4.03 3.98 3.93 3.89 3.84 3.79
74.0............................ 4.31 4.26 4.21 4.16 4.12 4.07 4.02 3.97 3.93 3.88
74.5............................ 4.39 4.34 4.30 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.11 4.06 4.01 3.96
75.0............................ 4.48 4.43 4.38 4.34 4.29 4.24 4.19 4.14 4.10 4.05
75.5............................ 4.56 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.37 4.33 4.28 4.23 4.18 4.13
76.0............................ 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.51 4.46 4.41 4.36 4.32 4.27 4.22
76.5............................ 4.74 4.69 4.64 4.59 4.54 4.50 4.45 4.40 4.35 4.31
77.0............................ 4.82 4.77 4.73 4.68 4.63 4.58 4.54 4.49 4.44 4.39
77.5............................ 4.91 4.86 4.81 4.76 4.72 4.67 4.62 4.57 4.53 4.48
78.0............................ 4.99 4.95 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.75 4.71 4.66 4.61 4.56
78.5............................ 5.08 5.03 4.98 4.94 4.89 4.84 4.79 4.74 4.70 4.65
79.0............................ 5.16 5.12 5.07 5.02 4.97 4.93 4.88 4.83 4.78 4.74
79.5............................ 5.25 5.20 5.15 5.11 5.06 5.01 4.96 4.92 4.87 4.82
80.0............................ 5.34 5.29 5.24 5.19 5.15 5.10 5.05 5.00 4.95 4.91
80.5............................ 5.42 5.37 5.33 5.28 5.23 5.18 5.14 5.09 5.04 4.99
81.0............................ 5.51 5.46 5.41 5.36 5.32 5.27 5.22 5.17 5.13 5.08
81.5............................ 5.59 5.55 5.50 5.45 5.40 5.35 5.31 5.26 5.21 5.16
82.0............................ 5.68 5.63 5.58 5.54 5.49 5.44 5.39 5.34 5.30 5.25
82.5............................ 5.76 5.72 5.67 5.62 5.57 5.53 5.48 5.43 5.38 5.34
83.0............................ 5.85 5.80 5.75 5.71 5.66 5.61 5.56 5.52 5.47 5.42
83.5............................ 5.94 5.89 5.84 5.79 5.75 5.70 5.65 5.60 5.55 5.51
84.0............................ 6.02 5.97 5.93 5.88 5.83 5.78 5.74 5.69 5.64 5.59
84.5............................ 6.11 6.06 6.01 5.96 5.92 5.87 5.82 5.77 5.73 5.68
85.0............................ 6.19 6.15 6.10 6.05 6.00 5.95 5.91 5.86 5.81 5.76
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Males FEV1
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.0............................................................ 1.54 1.49 1.44 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.12 1.07
56.5............................................................ 1.61 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.28 1.23 1.18 1.14
57.0............................................................ 1.67 1.63 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.21
57.5............................................................ 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.41 1.37 1.32 1.27
58.0............................................................ 1.81 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.48 1.43 1.39 1.34
58.5............................................................ 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.46 1.41
59.0............................................................ 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.48
59.5............................................................ 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.73 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.54
60.0............................................................ 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.61
60.5............................................................ 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.73 1.68
61.0............................................................ 2.21 2.17 2.12 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.75
61.5............................................................ 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.81
62.0............................................................ 2.35 2.30 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.88
62.5............................................................ 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.95
63.0............................................................ 2.48 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.16 2.11 2.06 2.02
63.5............................................................ 2.55 2.50 2.46 2.41 2.36 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.13 2.08
64.0............................................................ 2.62 2.57 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.39 2.34 2.29 2.25 2.20 2.15
64.5............................................................ 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.41 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.22
65.0............................................................ 2.75 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.57 2.52 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.29
65.5............................................................ 2.82 2.77 2.73 2.68 2.63 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.45 2.40 2.35
[[Page 13695]]
66.0............................................................ 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.47 2.42
66.5............................................................ 2.96 2.91 2.86 2.82 2.77 2.72 2.68 2.63 2.58 2.54 2.49
67.0............................................................ 3.02 2.98 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.56
67.5............................................................ 3.09 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.90 2.86 2.81 2.76 2.72 2.67 2.62
68.0............................................................ 3.16 3.11 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.79 2.74 2.69
68.5............................................................ 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 3.04 2.99 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.81 2.76
69.0............................................................ 3.29 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.97 2.92 2.87 2.83
69.5............................................................ 3.36 3.32 3.27 3.22 3.18 3.13 3.08 3.03 2.99 2.94 2.89
70.0............................................................ 3.43 3.38 3.34 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.06 3.01 2.96
70.5............................................................ 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.17 3.12 3.08 3.03
71.0............................................................ 3.56 3.52 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.33 3.28 3.24 3.19 3.14 3.10
71.5............................................................ 3.63 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.26 3.21 3.17
72.0............................................................ 3.70 3.65 3.61 3.56 3.51 3.47 3.42 3.37 3.33 3.28 3.23
72.5............................................................ 3.77 3.72 3.67 3.63 3.58 3.53 3.49 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.30
73.0............................................................ 3.83 3.79 3.74 3.69 3.65 3.60 3.55 3.51 3.46 3.41 3.37
73.5............................................................ 3.90 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.72 3.67 3.62 3.58 3.53 3.48 3.44
74.0............................................................ 3.97 3.92 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.74 3.69 3.64 3.60 3.55 3.50
74.5............................................................ 4.04 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.76 3.71 3.66 3.62 3.57
75.0............................................................ 4.11 4.06 4.01 3.97 3.92 3.87 3.82 3.78 3.73 3.68 3.64
75.5............................................................ 4.17 4.13 4.08 4.03 3.99 3.94 3.89 3.85 3.80 3.75 3.71
76.0............................................................ 4.24 4.19 4.15 4.10 4.05 4.01 3.96 3.91 3.87 3.82 3.77
76.5............................................................ 4.31 4.26 4.21 4.17 4.12 4.07 4.03 3.98 3.93 3.89 3.84
77.0............................................................ 4.38 4.33 4.28 4.24 4.19 4.14 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.96 3.91
77.5............................................................ 4.44 4.40 4.35 4.30 4.26 4.21 4.16 4.12 4.07 4.02 3.98
78.0............................................................ 4.51 4.46 4.42 4.37 4.32 4.28 4.23 4.18 4.14 4.09 4.04
78.5............................................................ 4.58 4.53 4.48 4.44 4.39 4.34 4.30 4.25 4.20 4.16 4.11
79.0............................................................ 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.51 4.46 4.41 4.37 4.32 4.27 4.23 4.18
79.5............................................................ 4.71 4.67 4.62 4.57 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.39 4.34 4.29 4.25
80.0............................................................ 4.78 4.73 4.69 4.64 4.59 4.55 4.50 4.45 4.41 4.36 4.31
80.5............................................................ 4.85 4.80 4.76 4.71 4.66 4.61 4.57 4.52 4.47 4.43 4.38
81.0............................................................ 4.92 4.87 4.82 4.78 4.73 4.68 4.64 4.59 4.54 4.50 4.45
81.5............................................................ 4.98 4.94 4.89 4.84 4.80 4.75 4.70 4.66 4.61 4.56 4.52
82.0............................................................ 5.05 5.00 4.96 4.91 4.86 4.82 4.77 4.72 4.68 4.63 4.58
82.5............................................................ 5.12 5.07 5.03 4.98 4.93 4.89 4.84 4.79 4.74 4.70 4.65
83.0............................................................ 5.19 5.14 5.09 5.05 5.00 4.95 4.91 4.86 4.81 4.77 4.72
83.5............................................................ 5.25 5.21 5.16 5.11 5.07 5.02 4.97 4.93 4.88 4.83 4.79
84.0............................................................ 5.32 5.27 5.23 5.18 5.13 5.09 5.04 4.99 4.95 4.90 4.85
84.5............................................................ 5.39 5.34 5.30 5.25 5.20 5.16 5.11 5.06 5.02 4.97 4.92
85.0............................................................ 5.46 5.41 5.36 5.32 5.27 5.22 5.18 5.13 5.08 5.04 4.99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2a.--Males FEV1
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.0............................ 1.02 0.98 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.60
56.5............................ 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.72 0.67
57.0............................ 1.16 1.11 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.74
57.5............................ 1.23 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.04 0.99 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.81
58.0............................ 1.29 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.11 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.92 0.87
58.5............................ 1.36 1.31 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.13 1.08 1.03 0.99 0.94
59.0............................ 1.43 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.06 1.01
59.5............................ 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.36 1.31 1.26 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.08
60.0............................ 1.56 1.52 1.47 1.42 1.38 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.19 1.14
60.5............................ 1.63 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.21
61.0............................ 1.70 1.65 1.62 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.42 1.37 1.33 1.28
61.5............................ 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.44 1.39 1.35
62.0............................ 1.83 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.41
62.5............................ 1.90 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.67 1.62 1.58 1.53 1.48
63.0............................ 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.60 1.55
63.5............................ 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.62
64.0............................ 2.10 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.73 1.68
64.5............................ 2.17 2.13 2.08 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.80 1.75
65.0............................ 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82
65.5............................ 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.17 2.12 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89
66.0............................ 2.38 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.05 2.00 1.95
[[Page 13696]]
66.5............................ 2.44 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.07 2.02
67.0............................ 2.51 2.46 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.09
67.5............................ 2.58 2.53 2.48 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.16
68.0............................ 2.65 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.22
68.5............................ 2.71 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.53 2.48 2.43 2.39 2.34 2.29
69.0............................ 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.41 2.36
69.5............................ 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.57 2.52 2.47 2.43
70.0............................ 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.78 2.73 2.68 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.50
70.5............................ 2.98 2.94 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.75 2.70 2.66 2.61 2.56
71.0............................ 3.05 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.86 2.82 2.77 2.72 2.68 2.63
71.5............................ 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70
72.0............................ 3.19 3.14 3.09 3.05 3.00 2.95 2.91 2.86 2.81 2.77
72.5............................ 3.25 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.88 2.83
73.0............................ 3.32 3.27 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 3.04 2.99 2.95 2.90
73.5............................ 3.39 3.34 3.30 3.25 3.20 3.16 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.97
74.0............................ 3.46 3.41 3.36 3.32 3.27 3.22 3.18 3.13 3.08 3.04
74.5............................ 3.52 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.34 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.10
75.0............................ 3.59 3.54 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.36 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.17
75.5............................ 3.66 3.61 3.57 3.52 3.47 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.29 3.24
76.0............................ 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.59 3.54 3.49 3.45 3.40 3.35 3.31
76.5............................ 3.79 3.75 3.70 3.65 3.61 3.56 3.51 3.47 3.42 3.37
77.0............................ 3.86 3.81 3.77 3.72 3.67 3.63 3.58 3.53 3.49 3.44
77.5............................ 3.93 3.88 3.84 3.79 3.74 3.70 3.65 3.60 3.56 3.51
78.0............................ 4.00 3.95 3.90 3.86 3.81 3.76 3.72 3.67 3.62 3.58
78.5............................ 4.06 4.02 3.97 3.92 3.88 3.83 3.78 3.74 3.69 3.64
79.0............................ 4.13 4.09 4.04 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.76 3.71
79.5............................ 4.20 4.15 4.11 4.06 4.01 3.97 3.92 3.87 3.83 3.78
80.0............................ 4.27 4.22 4.17 4.13 4.08 4.03 3.99 3.94 3.89 3.85
80.5............................ 4.33 4.29 4.24 4.19 4.15 4.10 4.05 4.01 3.96 3.91
81.0............................ 4.40 4.36 4.31 4.26 4.22 4.17 4.12 4.08 4.03 3.98
81.5............................ 4.47 4.42 4.38 4.33 4.28 4.24 4.19 4.14 4.10 4.05
82.0............................ 4.54 4.49 4.44 4.40 4.35 4.30 4.26 4.21 4.16 4.12
82.5............................ 4.60 4.56 4.51 4.46 4.42 4.37 4.32 4.28 4.23 4.18
83.0............................ 4.67 4.63 4.58 4.53 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.35 4.30 4.25
83.5............................ 4.74 4.69 4.65 4.60 4.55 4.51 4.46 4.41 4.37 4.32
84.0............................ 4.81 4.76 4.71 4.67 4.62 4.57 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.39
84.5............................ 4.88 4.83 4.78 4.73 4.69 4.64 4.59 4.55 4.50 4.45
85.0............................ 4.94 4.90 4.85 4.80 4.76 4.71 4.66 4.62 4.57 4.52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Females FVC
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.0............................................................ 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.39
52.5............................................................ 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.44
53.0............................................................ 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.51 1.48
53.5............................................................ 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53
54.0............................................................ 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.57
54.5............................................................ 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62
55.0............................................................ 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.66
55.5............................................................ 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.71
56.0............................................................ 2.02 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75
56.5............................................................ 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.80
57.0............................................................ 2.11 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.87 1.84
57.5............................................................ 2.16 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.89
58.0............................................................ 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.96 1.93
58.5............................................................ 2.25 2.22 2.18 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.98
59.0............................................................ 2.29 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.02
59.5............................................................ 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.07
60.0............................................................ 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11
60.5............................................................ 2.43 2.40 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.16
61.0............................................................ 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.26 2.23 2.20
61.5............................................................ 2.52 2.49 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.25
62.0............................................................ 2.56 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29
62.5............................................................ 2.61 2.58 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.34
[[Page 13697]]
63.0............................................................ 2.65 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38
63.5............................................................ 2.70 2.67 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.43
64.0............................................................ 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.47
64.5............................................................ 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.55 2.52
65.0............................................................ 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.73 2.70 2.67 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56
65.5............................................................ 2.88 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.61
66.0............................................................ 2.93 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.66
66.5............................................................ 2.97 2.94 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.73 2.70
67.0............................................................ 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.75
67.5............................................................ 3.06 3.03 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.82 2.79
68.0............................................................ 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.84
68.5............................................................ 3.15 3.12 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.88
69.0............................................................ 3.20 3.17 3.14 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.93
69.5............................................................ 3.24 3.21 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.03 3.00 2.97
70.0............................................................ 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.02
70.5............................................................ 3.33 3.30 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.20 3.17 3.14 3.12 3.09 3.06
71.0............................................................ 3.38 3.35 3.32 3.30 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.11
71.5............................................................ 3.42 3.39 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.21 3.18 3.15
72.0............................................................ 3.47 3.44 3.41 3.39 3.36 3.33 3.30 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.20
72.5............................................................ 3.51 3.49 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.38 3.35 3.32 3.30 3.27 3.24
73.0............................................................ 3.56 3.53 3.50 3.48 3.45 3.42 3.39 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.29
73.5............................................................ 3.60 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.49 3.47 3.44 3.41 3.39 3.36 3.33
74.0............................................................ 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.57 3.54 3.51 3.49 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.38
74.5............................................................ 3.69 3.67 3.64 3.61 3.58 3.56 3.53 3.50 3.48 3.45 3.42
75.0............................................................ 3.74 3.71 3.68 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.49 3.47
75.5............................................................ 3.78 3.76 3.73 3.70 3.67 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.57 3.54 3.51
76.0............................................................ 3.83 3.80 3.77 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.67 3.64 3.61 3.58 3.56
76.5............................................................ 3.87 3.85 3.82 3.79 3.76 3.74 3.71 3.68 3.66 3.63 3.60
77.0............................................................ 3.92 3.89 3.86 3.84 3.81 3.78 3.76 3.73 3.70 3.67 3.65
77.5............................................................ 3.96 3.94 3.91 3.88 3.85 3.83 3.80 3.77 3.75 3.72 3.69
78.0............................................................ 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.93 3.90 3.87 3.85 3.82 3.79 3.76 3.74
78.5............................................................ 4.05 4.03 4.00 3.97 3.95 3.92 3.89 3.86 3.84 3.81 3.78
79.0............................................................ 4.10 4.07 4.04 4.02 3.99 3.96 3.94 3.91 3.88 3.86 3.83
79.5............................................................ 4.14 4.12 4.09 4.06 4.04 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.93 3.90 3.87
80.0............................................................ 4.19 4.16 4.13 4.11 4.08 4.05 4.03 4.00 3.97 3.95 3.92
80.5............................................................ 4.23 4.21 4.18 4.15 4.13 4.10 4.07 4.04 4.02 3.99 3.96
81.0............................................................ 4.28 4.25 4.22 4.20 4.17 4.14 4.12 4.09 4.06 4.04 4.01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3a.--Females FVC
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.0............................ 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.47 1.43 1.38
52.5............................ 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.51 1.46 1.41
53.0............................ 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.54 1.49 1.44
53.5............................ 1.50 1.47 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.57 1.52 1.48
54.0............................ 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.60 1.55 1.51
54.5............................ 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.43 1.63 1.59 1.54
55.0............................ 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.67 1.62 1.57
55.5............................ 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.55 1.52 1.70 1.65 1.60
56.0............................ 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.73 1.68 1.63
56.5............................ 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.76 1.71 1.67
57.0............................ 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.79 1.75 1.70
57.5............................ 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.82 1.78 1.73
58.0............................ 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.86 1.81 1.76
58.5............................ 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.89 1.84 1.79
59.0............................ 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.92 1.87 1.83
59.5............................ 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.95 1.90 1.86
60.0............................ 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.98 1.94 1.89
60.5............................ 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.97 2.02 1.97 1.92
61.0............................ 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 2.05 2.00 1.95
61.5............................ 2.22 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.09 2.06 2.08 2.03 1.98
62.0............................ 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.11 2.11 2.06 2.02
62.5............................ 2.31 2.29 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.14 2.10 2.05
63.0............................ 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.17 2.13 2.08
[[Page 13698]]
63.5............................ 2.40 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.16 2.11
64.0............................ 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14
64.5............................ 2.49 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.27 2.22 2.18
65.0............................ 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.38 2.30 2.25 2.21
65.5............................ 2.58 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.33 2.29 2.24
66.0............................ 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.47 2.37 2.32 2.27
66.5............................ 2.67 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.40 2.35 2.30
67.0............................ 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.56 2.43 2.38 2.33
67.5............................ 2.76 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.46 2.41 2.37
68.0............................ 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.73 2.70 2.67 2.65 2.49 2.45 2.40
68.5............................ 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.52 2.48 2.43
69.0............................ 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.56 2.51 2.46
69.5............................ 2.94 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.59 2.54 2.49
70.0............................ 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.83 2.62 2.57 2.52
70.5............................ 3.03 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.87 2.65 2.60 2.56
71.0............................ 3.08 3.05 3.03 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.92 2.68 2.64 2.59
71.5............................ 3.12 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.72 2.67 2.62
72.0............................ 3.17 3.14 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.01 2.75 2.70 2.65
72.5............................ 3.21 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.11 3.08 3.05 2.78 2.73 2.68
73.0............................ 3.26 3.23 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.10 2.81 2.76 2.72
73.5............................ 3.30 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.20 3.17 3.14 2.84 2.79 2.75
74.0............................ 3.35 3.32 3.30 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.19 2.87 2.83 2.78
74.5............................ 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.29 3.26 3.23 2.91 2.86 2.81
75.0............................ 3.44 3.41 3.39 3.36 3.33 3.30 3.28 2.94 2.89 2.84
75.5............................ 3.49 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.38 3.35 3.32 2.97 2.92 2.87
76.0............................ 3.53 3.50 3.48 3.45 3.42 3.40 3.37 3.00 2.95 2.91
76.5............................ 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.49 3.47 3.44 3.41 3.03 2.99 2.94
77.0............................ 3.62 3.59 3.57 3.54 3.51 3.49 3.46 3.06 3.02 2.97
77.5............................ 3.67 3.64 3.61 3.58 3.56 3.53 3.50 3.10 3.05 3.00
78.0............................ 3.71 3.68 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.58 3.55 3.13 3.08 3.03
78.5............................ 3.76 3.73 3.70 3.67 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.16 3.11 3.07
79.0............................ 3.80 3.77 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.67 3.64 3.19 3.14 3.10
79.5............................ 3.85 3.82 3.79 3.77 3.74 3.71 3.68 3.22 3.18 3.13
80.0............................ 3.89 3.86 3.84 3.81 3.78 3.76 3.73 3.26 3.21 3.16
80.5............................ 3.94 3.91 3.88 3.86 3.83 3.80 3.77 3.29 3.24 3.19
81.0............................ 3.98 3.95 3.93 3.90 3.87 3.85 3.82 3.32 3.27 3.22
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4.--Females FEV1
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.0............................................................ 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22
52.5............................................................ 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25
53.0............................................................ 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.28
53.5............................................................ 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.32
54.0............................................................ 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.35
54.5............................................................ 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.38
55.0............................................................ 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42
55.5............................................................ 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45
56.0............................................................ 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49
56.5............................................................ 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52
57.0............................................................ 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55
57.5............................................................ 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59
58.0............................................................ 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62
58.5............................................................ 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65
59.0............................................................ 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69
59.5............................................................ 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72
60.0............................................................ 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.75
60.5............................................................ 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79
61.0............................................................ 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.82
61.5............................................................ 2.16 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86
62.0............................................................ 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89
62.5............................................................ 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92
63.0............................................................ 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.96
63.5............................................................ 2.30 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.02 1.99
[[Page 13699]]
64.0............................................................ 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.02
64.5............................................................ 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06
65.0............................................................ 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.09
65.5............................................................ 2.43 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19 2.16 2.13
66.0............................................................ 2.46 2.43 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19 2.16
66.5............................................................ 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.19
67.0............................................................ 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.26 2.23
67.5............................................................ 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.26
68.0............................................................ 2.60 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.36 2.33 2.29
68.5............................................................ 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.36 2.33
69.0............................................................ 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.36
69.5............................................................ 2.70 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.46 2.43 2.40
70.0............................................................ 2.73 2.70 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.46 2.43
70.5............................................................ 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.46
71.0............................................................ 2.80 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.53 2.50
71.5............................................................ 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.53
72.0............................................................ 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.63 2.59 2.56
72.5............................................................ 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.63 2.60
73.0............................................................ 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.63
73.5............................................................ 2.97 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.67
74.0............................................................ 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.73 2.70
74.5............................................................ 3.04 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.73
75.0............................................................ 3.07 3.04 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.77
75.5............................................................ 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.80
76.0............................................................ 3.14 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.90 2.86 2.83
76.5............................................................ 3.17 3.14 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.90 2.87
77.0............................................................ 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.90
77.5............................................................ 3.24 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.97 2.94
78.0............................................................ 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.97
78.5............................................................ 3.31 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.19 3.15 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.00
79.0............................................................ 3.34 3.31 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.10 3.07 3.04
79.5............................................................ 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.10 3.07
80.0............................................................ 3.41 3.38 3.35 3.32 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.20 3.16 3.13 3.10
80.5............................................................ 3.44 3.41 3.38 3.35 3.32 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.20 3.17 3.14
81.0............................................................ 3.48 3.45 3.41 3.38 3.35 3.32 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.20 3.17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4a.--Females FEV1
[80% of Predicted; Knudson 1983]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Ht. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.0............................ 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 1.38 1.32 1.25
52.5............................ 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.39 1.33 1.27
53.0............................ 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.07 1.41 1.34 1.28
53.5............................ 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.42 1.36 1.30
54.0............................ 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.44 1.37 1.31
54.5............................ 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.23 1.20 1.17 1.45 1.39 1.32
55.0............................ 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.20 1.47 1.40 1.34
55.5............................ 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.48 1.42 1.35
56.0............................ 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.50 1.43 1.37
56.5............................ 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.31 1.51 1.45 1.38
57.0............................ 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.34 1.52 1.46 1.40
57.5............................ 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.54 1.48 1.41
58.0............................ 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.55 1.49 1.43
58.5............................ 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.44 1.57 1.50 1.44
59.0............................ 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.58 1.52 1.46
59.5............................ 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.60 1.53 1.47
60.0............................ 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.61 1.55 1.48
60.5............................ 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.63 1.56 1.50
61.0............................ 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.64 1.58 1.51
61.5............................ 1.83 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.66 1.59 1.53
62.0............................ 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.67 1.61 1.54
62.5............................ 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.62 1.56
63.0............................ 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.77 1.74 1.70 1.64 1.57
63.5............................ 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.71 1.65 1.59
64.0............................ 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.73 1.66 1.60
[[Page 13700]]
64.5............................ 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.74 1.68 1.62
65.0............................ 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.76 1.69 1.63
65.5............................ 2.10 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.77 1.71 1.64
66.0............................ 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.79 1.72 1.66
66.5............................ 2.16 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.98 1.80 1.74 1.67
67.0............................ 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.04 2.01 1.82 1.75 1.69
67.5............................ 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.05 1.83 1.77 1.70
68.0............................ 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.11 2.08 1.84 1.78 1.72
68.5............................ 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 2.12 1.86 1.80 1.73
69.0............................ 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.15 1.87 1.81 1.75
69.5............................ 2.37 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.21 2.18 1.89 1.82 1.76
70.0............................ 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 1.90 1.84 1.78
70.5............................ 2.43 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 1.92 1.85 1.79
71.0............................ 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.31 2.28 1.93 1.87 1.80
71.5............................ 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 1.95 1.88 1.82
72.0............................ 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.35 1.96 1.90 1.83
72.5............................ 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.39 1.97 1.91 1.85
73.0............................ 2.60 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 1.99 1.93 1.86
73.5............................ 2.64 2.60 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.00 1.94 1.88
74.0............................ 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.02 1.95 1.89
74.5............................ 2.70 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.03 1.97 1.91
75.0............................ 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.61 2.58 2.55 2.05 1.98 1.92
75.5............................ 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.59 2.06 2.00 1.93
76.0............................ 2.80 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.08 2.01 1.95
76.5............................ 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.09 2.03 1.96
77.0............................ 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.11 2.04 1.98
77.5............................ 2.91 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.12 2.06 1.99
78.0............................ 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.13 2.07 2.01
78.5............................ 2.97 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.15 2.09 2.02
79.0............................ 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.88 2.85 2.82 2.16 2.10 2.04
79.5............................ 3.04 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.18 2.11 2.05
80.0............................ 3.07 3.04 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.89 2.19 2.13 2.07
80.5............................ 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.93 2.21 2.14 2.08
81.0............................ 3.14 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.22 2.16 2.09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dated: March 11, 1999.
Janet Reno,
Attorney General.
[FR Doc. 99-6524 Filed 3-19-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-12-P