[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 250 (Thursday, December 28, 2000)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 82257-82259]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 00-33179]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. NM180; Special Conditions No. 25-170-SC]
Special Conditions: Cessna Model 560, Citation V, Series
Airplanes; High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for Cessna Model 560,
Citation V, series airplanes modified by Honeywell International Inc.
These modified airplanes will have a novel and unusual design feature
when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the
airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes. The
modification incorporates the installation of a new integrated
electronic cockpit display system. The cockpit display system will
utilize electrical and electronic systems that perform critical
functions. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain
adequate or appropriate safety standards for the protection of this
system from the effects of high-intensity-radiated fields (HIRF). These
special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: The effective date of these special conditions is December 7,
2000. Comments must be received on or before January 29, 2001.
ADDRESSES: Comments on these special conditions may be mailed in
duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration, Transport Airplane
Directorate, Attention: Rules Docket (ANM-114), Docket No. NM180, 1601
Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; or delivered in
duplicate to the Transport Airplane Directorate at the above address.
All comments must be marked: Docket No. NM180. Comments may be
inspected in the Rules Docket weekdays, except Federal holidays,
between 7:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Meghan Gordon, FAA, Standardization
Branch, ANM-113, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; telephone
(425) 227-2138; facsimile (425) 227-1149.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Comments Invited
The FAA has determined that good cause exists for making these
special conditions effective upon issuance; however, interested persons
are invited to submit such written data, views, or arguments, as they
may desire. Communications should identify the regulatory docket number
and be submitted in duplicate to the address specified above. The
Administrator will consider all communications received on or before
the closing date for comments. These special conditions may be changed
in light of the comments received. All comments received will be
available in the Rules Docket for examination by interested persons,
both before and after the closing date for comments. A report
summarizing each substantive public contact with FAA personnel
concerning this rulemaking will be filed in the docket. Commenters
wishing the FAA to acknowledge receipt of their comments submitted in
response to these special conditions must include a self-addressed,
stamped postcard on which
[[Page 82258]]
the following statement is made: ``Comments to Docket No. NM180.'' The
postcard will be date stamped and returned to the commenter.
Background
On February 25, 2000, Honeywell International Inc., 21111 N. 19th
Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85027, applied for a Supplemental Type Certificate
(STC) to modify the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, airplane approved
under Type Certificate No. A22CE. The subject Cessna Model 560,
Citation V, airplane is a straight wing, small transport category
airplane. These airplanes, serial numbers 560-001 through 560-0259, are
powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT15D-51 turbofans, with a maximum
takeoff weight of 15,900 pounds. Serial numbers 560-0260 through 560-
0538 are powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT15D-5D turbofans, with a
maximum takeoff weight of 16,300 pounds. This series of airplanes
operates with a 2-pilot crew and can hold up to 11 passengers.
The Model 560, Citation V, will incorporate integrated electronic
PRIMUS EPIC Cockpit Display Systems (CDS), manufactured by Honeywell
International Inc., which display attitude and heading information. The
PRIMUS EPIC CDS performs a critical function associated with the
display of attitude and heading information to the pilot, and must be
designed and installed to ensure that its operation is not adversely
affected by high intensity radiated fields (HIRF). This critical
function can be susceptible to disruption of both command and response
signals as a result of electrical and magnetic interference caused by
HIRF external to the airplane. This disruption of signals could result
in loss of critical flight displays and annunciations, or could present
misleading information to the pilot.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101, Honeywell International Inc.
must show that the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series airplanes, as
changed, continue to meet the applicable provisions of the regulations
incorporated by reference in Type Certificate No. A22CE, or the
applicable regulations in effect on the date of application for the
change. The regulations incorporated by reference in the type
certificate are commonly referred to as the ``original type
certification basis.'' The regulations included in the certification
basis for the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series airplanes include
Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 25, as amended by
Amendments 25-1 through 25-8, plus additional requirements listed in
the type certificate data sheet that are not relevant to these special
conditions.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., part 25, as amended) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the Cessna Model 560, Citation V,
series airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special
conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series airplanes must
comply with the fuel vent and exhaust emission requirements of part 34
and the noise certification requirements of part 36.
Special conditions, as appropriate, are issued in accordance with
Sec. 11.49, as required by Secs. 11.28 and 11.29, and become part of
the airplane's type certification basis in accordance with
Sec. 21.101(b)(2).
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the applicant apply for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on the same type
certificate to incorporate the same novel or unusual design features,
these special conditions would also apply to the other model under the
provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).
Novel or Unusual Design Features
As stated earlier, the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series
airplanes modified by Honeywell International Inc. will incorporate the
PRIMUS EPIC CDS, which performs critical functions. This system
contains electronic equipment for which the current airworthiness
standards of part 25 do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
standards for the protection of this equipment from the adverse effects
of HIRF. The CDS may be vulnerable to HIRF external to the airplane.
Accordingly, this system is considered to be a novel or unusual design
feature.
Discussion
There is no specific regulation that addresses the requirements for
protection of electrical and electronic systems from HIRF. Increased
power levels from ground-based radio transmitters and the growing use
of sensitive electrical and electronic systems to command and control
airplanes have made it necessary to provide adequate protection.
To ensure that a level of safety is achieved that is equivalent to
that intended by the regulations incorporated by reference, special
conditions are needed for the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, airplanes
modified to include the PRIMUS EPIC CDS. These special conditions will
require that this system, which performs critical functions, be
designed and installed to preclude component damage and interruption of
function due to both the direct and indirect effects of HIRF.
High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
With the trend toward increased power levels from ground-based
transmitters, plus the advent of space and satellite communications
coupled with electronic command and control of the airplane, the
immunity of critical digital avionics systems to HIRF must be
established.
It is not possible to precisely define the HIRF to which the
airplane will be exposed in service. There is also uncertainty
concerning the effectiveness of airframe shielding for HIRF.
Furthermore, coupling of electromagnetic energy to cockpit-installed
equipment through the cockpit window apertures is undefined. Based on
surveys and analysis of existing HIRF emitters, an adequate level of
protection exists when compliance with the HIRF protection special
condition is shown with either paragraph 1 OR 2 below:
1. A minimum threat of 100 volts rms per meter electric field
strength from 10 KHz to 18 GHz.
a. The threat must be applied to the system elements and their
associated wiring harnesses without the benefit of airframe shielding.
b. Demonstration of this level of protection is established through
system tests and analysis.
2. A threat external to the airframe of the following field
strengths for the frequency ranges indicated. Both peak and average
field strength components from the Table are to be demonstrated.
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Field strength
(volts per meter)
Frequency ---------------------
Peak Average
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10 kHz-100 kHz.................................... 50 50
100 kHz-500 kHz................................... 50 50
500 kHz-2 MHz..................................... 50 50
2 MHz-30 MHz...................................... 100 100
30 MHz-70 MHz..................................... 50 50
70 MHz-100 MHz.................................... 50 50
100 MHz-200 MHz................................... 100 100
200 MHz-400 MHz................................... 100 100
400 MHz-700 MHz................................... 700 50
700 MHz-1 GHz..................................... 700 100
1 HGz-2 GHz....................................... 2000 200
2 HGz-4 GHz....................................... 3000 200
4 GHz-6 GHz....................................... 3000 200
6 GHz-8 GHz....................................... 1000 200
8 GHz-12 GHZ...................................... 3000 300
[[Page 82259]]
12 GHz-18 GHz..................................... 2000 200
18 GHz-40 GHz..................................... 600 200
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The field strengths are expressed in terms of peak of the root-mean-
square (rms) over the complete modulation period.
The threat levels identified above are the result of an FAA review
of existing studies on the subject of HIRF, in light of the ongoing
work of the Electromagnetic Effects Harmonization Working Group of the
Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to
Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series airplanes modified by Honeywell
International Inc. to include the PRIMUS EPIC CDS. Should Honeywell
International Inc. apply at a later date for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on Type Certificate
A22CE to incorporate the same novel or unusual design features, these
special conditions would apply to that model as well under the
provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on the Cessna Model 560, Citation V, series airplanes modified by
Honeywell Inc. It is not a rule of general applicability and affects
only the applicant who applied to the FAA for approval of these
features on the airplanes.
The substance of the special conditions has been subjected to the
notice and comment period in several prior instances and has been
derived without substantive change from those previously issued. It is
unlikely that prior public comment would result in a significant change
from the substance contained herein. For this reason, and because a
delay would significantly affect the certification of the airplane,
which is imminent, the FAA has determined that prior public notice and
comment are unnecessary and impracticable, and good cause exists for
adopting these special conditions upon issuance. The FAA is requesting
comments to allow interested persons to submit views that may not have
been submitted in response to the prior opportunities for comment
described above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the supplemental type certification basis for the Cessna Model 560,
Citation V, series airplanes modified by Honeywell International Inc.
1. Protection from Unwanted Effects of High-Intensity Radiated
Fields (HIRF). Each electrical and electronic system that performs
critical functions must be designed and installed to ensure that the
operation and operational capability of these systems to perform
critical functions are not adversely affected when the airplane is
exposed to high-intensity radiated fields.
2. For the purpose of these special conditions, the following
definition applies: Critical Functions: Functions whose failure would
contribute to or cause a failure condition that would prevent the
continued safe flight and landing of the airplane.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on December 7, 2000.
Donald L. Riggin,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 00-33179 Filed 12-27-00; 8:45 am]
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