[Federal Register Volume 65, Number 202 (Wednesday, October 18, 2000)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 62414-62455]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 00-26224]
[[Page 62413]]
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Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Part 63
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire
Manufacturing; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 65 , No. 202 / Wednesday, October 18, 2000 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 62414]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[FRL-6874-9]
RIN 2060-AG29
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber
Tire Manufacturing
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for new and existing sources at rubber tire
manufacturing facilities. The EPA has identified rubber tire
manufacturing facilities as major sources of hazardous air pollutants
(HAP) emissions. These proposed standards would implement section
112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) by requiring all major sources to
meet HAP emission standards that reflect the application of maximum
achievable control technology (MACT). The primary HAP that would be
controlled with this action include toluene and hexane. These HAP are
associated with a variety of adverse health effects including chronic
health disorders (e.g., polyneuropathy, degenerative lesions of the
nasal cavity) and acute health disorders (e.g., respiratory irritation,
headaches).
DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before December 18, 2000.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing by November 7, 2000, a public hearing will be held on
November 17, 2000.
ADDRESSES: Comments. Written comments should be submitted (in duplicate
if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center
(6102), Attention: Docket No. A-97-14, Room M-1500, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460.
The EPA requests that a separate copy also be sent to the contact
person listed below (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at 10
a.m. in the EPA's Office of Administration's Auditorium in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, or at an alternate site nearby.
Docket. Docket No. A-97-14 contains supporting information used in
developing the standards. The docket is located at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460
in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected
from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the
proposed standards, contact Mr. Anthony Wayne, Policy Planning and
Standards Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711, telephone number (919) 541-5439, electronic mail address
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted
by electronic mail (e-mail) to: [email protected]. Electronic
comments must be submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special
characters and encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks
in WordPerfect version 5.1, 6.1, or Corel 8 file
format. All comments and data submitted in electronic form must note
the docket number (Docket No. A-97-14). No confidential business
information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic comments
may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not
inadvertently placed in the docket: Attention: OAQPS Document Control
Officer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 411 W. Chapel Hill
Street, Room 740B, Durham, NC 27701. The EPA will disclose information
identified as CBI only to the extent allowed by the procedures set
forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies a
submission when it is received by the EPA, the information may be made
available to the public without further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms.
Dorothy Apple, Policy Planning and Standards Group, Emission Standards
Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-4487 at
least 2 days in advance of the public hearing. Persons interested in
attending the public hearing must also call Ms. Apple to verify the
time, date, and location of the hearing. The public hearing will
provide interested parties the opportunity to present data, views, or
arguments concerning these proposed emission standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the
information considered by the EPA in the development of this
rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because material is added
throughout the rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to
allow members of the public and industries involved to readily identify
and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the
rulemaking process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards
and their preambles, the contents of the docket will serve as the
record in the case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the
CAA.) The regulatory text and other materials related to this
rulemaking are available for review in the docket or copies may be
mailed on request from the Air Docket by calling (202) 260-7548. A
reasonable fee may be charged for copying docket materials.
Worldwide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of this proposed rule is also available on the WWW
through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, a
copy of the rule will be posted on the TTN's policy and guidance page
for newly proposed or promulgated rules http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg.
The TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas
of air pollution control. If more information regarding the TTN is
needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. Categories and entities potentially regulated
by this action include:
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Examples of regulated
Category SIC a/NAICS b entities
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Industry...................... 3011 or 7534/.... Owners or operators
of rubber tire
manufacturing
facilities.
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a Standard Industrial Classification Code.
[[Page 62415]]
b North American Information Classification System.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your facility is regulated by this action,
you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.5981 of the
proposed rule. If you have questions regarding the applicability of
this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. Outline. The
information in this preamble is organized as follows.
I. Background
A. What is the source of authority for developing NESHAP?
B. What criteria are used in developing NESHAP?
C. What is the history of the listing and schedule for
regulation for the rubber tire manufacturing source category?
D. What are the health effects associated with rubber tire
manufacturing?
E. Rubber Manufacturers Association Survey
II. Summary of Proposed Rule
A. What sources are included in the category and subcategories
regulated by this rule?
B. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the
emissions?
C. What are the affected sources?
D. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and other
standards?
E. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
F. What are the continuous compliance provisions?
G. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
B. How did we select the affected sources?
C. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed
standards for existing and new sources?
D. How did we select the format of the standards?
E. How did we select the compliance, monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting requirements?
F. What is the relationship of this subpart to new source
performance standards (NSPS) for the rubber tire manufacturing
industry?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the air quality impacts?
B. What are the cost impacts?
C. What are the economic impacts?
D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts?
V. Solicitation of Comments and Public Participation
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13045--Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
C. Executive Order 13084--Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13132--Federalism
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as amended by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5
U.S.C. 601 et seq
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Developing NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. Major
sources of HAP are those stationary sources or groups of stationary
sources that are located within a contiguous area and under common
control that emit or have the potential to emit, considering controls,
10 ton/yr or more of any one HAP or 25 ton/yr or more of any
combination of HAP.
B. What Criteria Are Used in Developing NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the
control of HAP from both new and existing major sources. The CAA
requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control is commonly
referred to as the MACT.
The ``MACT floor'' is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP
and is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new sources, the
MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the emission control that is
achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT
standards for existing sources can be less stringent than standards for
new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average
emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of
existing sources in the category or subcategory (or the best-performing
5 sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
In developing MACT, we also consider control requirements that are
more stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more
stringent than the floor based on the consideration of cost of
achieving the emissions reductions, any non-air quality health and
environmental impacts, and energy requirements.
C. What Is the History of the Listing and Schedule for Regulation for
the Rubber Tire Manufacturing Source Category?
1. Establishing the Initial List and Schedule
Pursuant to the various specific listing requirements of section
112(c), we published a list of 174 categories of major and area sources
referred to as the ``initial list'' that would be subject to emission
standards. Following this listing, pursuant to requirements in section
112(e), on December 3, 1993 (58 FR 63941), we published a schedule for
the promulgation of emission standards for each of the 174 listed
source categories. The schedule for standards organized the source
categories into groups of four separate timeframes with promulgation
deadlines of November 15, 1992; November 15, 1994; November 15, 1997;
or November 15, 2000.
``Tire Production'' is one of the 174 categories of sources
included on the initial list of source categories (63 FR 7155). The
``Tire Production'' category as defined in our report, ``Documentation
for Developing the Initial Source Category List,'' EPA-450/3-91-0310,
July 1992, includes any facility that is a major source and is engaged
in producing passenger car and light duty truck tires, heavy duty truck
tires, off-the-road tires, aircraft tires, and miscellaneous other
tires. The listed ``tire production'' source category name was changed
to ``rubber tire manufacturing'' to better reflect the industry that
would be regulated under section 112(d)(2) based on information
obtained during the MACT standard development process.
2. Listing of the Tire Manufacturing Source Category as a Section
112(c)(6) HAP Source
Section 112(c)(6) of the CAA requires that sources that account for
90 percent of the emissions of seven specified HAP, including
hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polycyclic organic matter (POM), be subject
to standards under section 112(d)(2) or (d)(4).
[[Page 62416]]
Based on previous information and testing, we estimated that tire
production facilities emitted, in aggregate, approximately 395
kilograms (kg) (869 pounds (lbs)), or 29.5 percent, of the total
national anthropogenic emissions of HCB per year. Tire production
facilities were also estimated to emit, in aggregate, approximately
6,360 kg (14,000 lbs), or 0.03 percent, of the total national
anthropogenic emissions of POM per year (63 FR 17838). On April 10,
1998 (63 FR 17838), we listed tire manufacturing as a source category
for possible regulation to meet section 112(c)(6) requirements. Because
tire manufacturing was already included on the initial major source
category list developed to comply with section 112(c), the major source
category list did not need to be modified to add it.
The Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) responded to the listing
of tire manufacturing as a section 112(c)(6) emissions source for HCB
by sending us a letter that argued that the tire manufacturing process
does not have a chemical or physical mechanism to form HCB. The RMA
explained that the analytical results that led us to list tire
manufacturing as a source of HCB emissions were based on contaminated
samples. In response to RMA's comment, we participated in the planning
of, and were present at, tests that were conducted to evaluate RMA's
claim. These tests were reconstructed based on the conditions of the
original tests. Based on our participation and evaluation of these
tests, we agree that the original HCB emission information was
incorrect. Based on the limitations of the original tests, and the fact
that no HCB was measured in the re-testing, we concluded that tire
manufacturing is a highly unlikely source of HCB emissions. We are
addressing the April 10, 1998 listing under section 112(c)(6) of tire
manufacturing as an HCB emission source in a separate Federal Register
action.
The POM emissions leading to tire manufacturing being listed as a
section 112(c)(6) emission source are due to combustion associated with
the use of steam boilers in the rubber tire manufacturing process.
These boilers will be addressed under the Industrial, Commercial and
Institutional Boiler and Process Heater NESHAP.
D. What Are the Health Effects Associated With Rubber Tire
Manufacturing?
This proposed rule protects air quality and promotes the public
health by reducing emissions of some of the HAP listed in section
112(b)(1) of the CAA. The sources of HAP emissions in the rubber tire
manufacturing industry are: (1) Rubber processing; (2) the use of
cements, solvents and associated mixtures in the tire production; (3)
tire cord production; and (4) puncture sealant application. The primary
HAP emitted from the rubber tire production process and puncture
sealant operations are toluene and hexane. Tire cord operations also
emit these HAP, but the more significant emissions from tire cord
production are formaldehyde, styrene, and methanol. Exposure to these
compounds has been demonstrated to cause adverse health effects.
The HAP that would be controlled with this proposed rule are
associated with a variety of adverse health effects. These adverse
health effects include chronic health disorders (e.g., effects on the
central nervous system and reproductive systems) and acute health
disorders (e.g., irritation of eyes, throat, and mucous membranes,
headache, nausea, and blurred vision). One of the HAP has been
classified as a probable human carcinogen, and another has been
classified as a possible human carcinogen.
1. Toluene
Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to low or moderate
levels of toluene has been associated with central nervous system (CNS)
dysfunction and narcosis. Symptoms observed include fatigue,
sleepiness, headaches, and nausea. Acute inhalation exposure to toluene
has also been associated with cardiac arrhythmias (irregular
heartbeats). Central nervous system depression and death have occurred
at higher levels of exposure to toluene.
Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure of humans to high levels of
toluene has been associated with CNS depression. Symptoms observed
include ataxia, tremors, cerebral atrophy, involuntary eye movements,
and impaired speech, hearing, and vision. Chronic inhalation exposure
of humans to toluene has also been associated with irritation of the
upper respiratory tract, eye irritation, sore throat, nausea, skin
conditions, dizziness, headaches, and difficulty with sleep. Chronic
inhalation exposure to toluene has been associated with adverse effects
on the liver, kidney, and lungs. Human studies of solvent vapor abusers
indicate that there may be liver and kidney adverse effects resulting
from chronic inhalation exposure to toluene, however, these studies are
confounded by probable exposure to multiple solvents.
Children of pregnant women exposed to toluene or mixed solvent by
inhalation have been observed to have CNS dysfunction, attention
deficits, craniofacial and limb anomalies, and developmental and growth
retardation.
2. Hexane
Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to hexane is
associated with mild CNS depression and irritation of the mucous
membranes. Central nervous system effects include dizziness, giddiness,
slight nausea, and headache. Acute exposure to hexane vapors may also
cause dermatitis and irritation of the eyes and throat in humans.
Chronic (long-term) exposure of humans to hexane is associated with
polyneuropathy in humans, with numbness in the extremities, muscular
weakness, blurred vision, headache, and fatigue. Studies of animals
chronically exposed to hexane by inhalation indicate neurotoxic
effects, and mild inflammatory, erosive, and degenerative lesions in
the olfactory and respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity.
3. Formaldehyde
Both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposure to
formaldehyde irritates the eyes, nose, and throat, and may cause
coughing, chest pains, and bronchitis. Reproductive effects, such as
menstrual disorders and pregnancy problems, have been reported in
female workers exposed to formaldehyde. Limited human studies have
reported an association between formaldehyde exposure and lung and
nasopharyngeal cancer. Animal inhalation studies have reported an
increased incidence of nasal squamous cell cancer. We consider
formaldehyde a probable human carcinogen (Group B2).
4. Methanol
Acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) exposure of humans to
methanol by inhalation or ingestion may result in blurred vision,
headache, dizziness, and nausea. No information is available on the
reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of methanol in
humans. Birth defects have been observed in the offspring of rats and
mice exposed to methanol by inhalation. A methanol inhalation study
using rhesus monkeys reported a decrease in the length of pregnancy and
limited evidence of impaired learning ability in offspring. We have not
classified methanol with respect to carcinogenicity.
[[Page 62417]]
5. Styrene
Acute (short-term) exposure to styrene in humans results in mucous
membrane and eye irritation and gastrointestinal effects. Chronic
(long-term) exposure to styrene in humans may cause effects on the CNS
such as headache, fatigue, weakness, depression, and hearing loss.
There is limited evidence that occupational exposure to styrene is
associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions and
decreased frequency of births and an increased risk of leukemia and
lymphoma. We consider this evidence to be inconclusive. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified
styrene as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen. We have not
classified styrene with respect to carcinogenicity.
E. Rubber Manufacturers Association Survey
Based on surveys of its member and non-member companies, the RMA
compiled and provided us two comprehensive data bases on HAP emissions
and controls at rubber tire and/or tire component producers and tire
cord producers.
In 1997, the RMA surveyed the 46 known tire production facilities
in the U.S. Each facility received a questionnaire designed to gather
information on the quantity of HAP emissions and controls within the
industry. The questionnaire requested the following information for
calendar year 1996:
General facility information such as facility name,
address, parent company;
Manufacturing information such as number of employees,
products made, production rates, whether HAP-containing cements and
solvents were used, and facilitywide HAP emissions;
Specific process information such as the individual
processes used, the number of processes used, and general information
on hooding, ducting and control devices;
Detailed information on the HAP-containing material used
and the processes where the material is used, the type of material, the
density of the material, and the total HAP usage; and
Information on air pollution control devices (APCD)
including the process controlled, the type of APCD, exhaust flow rate,
control efficiency, reason for installation of APCD, and economics
associated with installation of APCD.
Of the 46 facilities receiving the questionnaire, 42 (91 percent)
responded, including all the major tire production facilities and
parent companies. The RMA estimated that 41 of these facilities produce
more than 99 percent of the rubber tires produced in the U.S. Thirty-
one of the 42 reporting facilities have indicated potential emissions
which would qualify the facility as a major source pursuant to section
112 of the CAA. One of the 42 responding facilities does not
manufacture rubber tires, but rather mixes rubber compound for
distribution to noncontiguous manufacturing facilities. This facility
is within the scope of the rubber tire manufacturing source category
because it mixes rubber compound, which is a basic material for the
manufacturing of specific components of rubber tires.
In 1998, the RMA surveyed the twelve known tire cord production
facilities. Each of these facilities received a questionnaire designed
to gather information on the quantity of HAP emissions and controls
within the tire cord production industry. The questionnaire requested
the following information for calendar year 1997:
General facility information such as facility name,
address, parent company, number of employees;
Production information such as the quantity of fabric
processed, whether the facility provides treated fabric to non-tire
manufacturers, and whether the dip (coating solution) mixing equipment
and/or storage tanks have HAP emission controls; and
Specific process information including the individual
processes used, the number of processes used, air pollution control
equipment used and its efficiencies, ventilation rates, costs of air
pollution control equipment, annual HAP emissions, and general chemical
characteristics of coating solutions.
All twelve facilities responded. Eight of the facilities represent
over 90 percent of the domestic tire cord produced in the U.S. At least
four of these facilities appear to be major sources based on their
reported potential emissions. The RMA survey responses include eleven
facilities that reported they did not use or emit HAP associated with
cements, solvents, or mixtures.
In order to standardize responses and minimize the collection
burden, the RMA questionnaires provided guidance for respondents on how
to report usage of HAP-containing compounds (i.e., cements, solvents
and associated mixtures used in the manufacture of rubber tires). In
particular, to prevent respondents from having to estimate very small
concentrations of HAP in their HAP-containing materials, the
questionnaires focused on collecting information on the significant
cements, solvents and associated mixtures (or sealants) used at each
facility. The guidance used in these questionnaires was based on the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) de minimis
reporting threshold limitations for HAP-containing compounds. Thus,
facilities reported the use of only those solvents, cements or related
mixtures having HAP concentrations greater than these de minimis
levels.
The SARA de minimis thresholds for reporting for each component in
a mixture are 0.1 percent by weight for some selected hazardous
chemicals (see table 16 of this proposed rule for a list of these
chemicals) and 1.0 percent by weight for all other hazardous chemicals
(Sec. 370.28(b) of 40 CFR part 370-Hazardous Chemical Reporting:
Community Right-To-Know). This means if the weight percent of a HAP in
a cement, solvent or related mixture used was 0.1 percent or less for
selected HAP or 1.0 percent or less for all other HAP, it did not have
to be accounted for in the emissions information reported in the RMA
questionnaire. Thus, if the information reported in the data base
indicates that a rubber tire manufacturing facility has ``none or zero
potential or actual HAP emissions,'' the facility may still have actual
HAP emissions below the accountable quantities in the guidance. Based
on this information, a rubber tire manufacturing facility reporting
``none or zero potential or actual HAP emissions'' from cements,
solvents and associated mixtures could be using cements, solvents or
related mixtures containing up to 0.1 percent of a ``selected'' HAP or
1.0 percent of all other HAP by mass.
Using this de minimis cutoff for accounting of the HAP at a
facility, the companies compiled their annual emissions of HAP on the
basis of HAP use for 1996. In the cases where they reported they did
have HAP, they accounted for the HAP used in the processes (liquids)
and then equated the use to 100 percent emissions of HAP.
II. Summary of Proposed Rule
A. What Sources Are Included in the Category and Subcategories
Regulated by This Rule?
We have defined the rubber tire manufacturing source category to
include: The construction of rubber tires and components integral to
rubber tires, the production of tire cord, and the application of
puncture sealant. Components of rubber tires include, but are not
limited to, rubber compounds, sidewalls, tread, tire beads, and liners.
Other components often associated with rubber tires but not integral to
the tire,
[[Page 62418]]
such as wheels, valve stems, and inner tubes, are not included in our
definition of components of rubber tires and would not be subject to
the requirements proposed with today's action. For purposes of
regulation, we have subcategorized this source category as follows: (1)
Rubber processing, (2) tire production, (3) tire cord production, and
(4) puncture sealant application.
B. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?
The primary sources of HAP emissions in the rubber tire production
industry are: (1) Rubber processing; (2) the use of cements, solvents
and associated mixtures for tire production; (3) tire cord production;
and (4) puncture sealant application. Other HAP emission sources
include storage vessels that contain cements, solvents and associated
mixtures, wastewater, and research and development areas.
1. Rubber Processing
Rubber processing consists of the combination and mixing of various
ingredients used to make mixed rubber compound, and the processing of
the mixed rubber compound into components that make up a tire. The
primary source of organic HAP emissions from rubber processing is the
initial rubber compounding (e.g., mixing, milling, and extrusion) prior
to the application of solvents and cement. During the initial rubber
compounding, process materials including natural rubber, synthetic
rubber, plasticizers (e.g., oils and waxes), curatives (e.g., sulfur),
antioxidants, and reinforcements (e.g., silica, carbon black and
resins) are mixed together in large mixers, called ``banburys,'' to
make a particular rubber compound. Little or no HAP are added as raw
materials to make the rubber compound.
The physical breakdown of synthetic and natural rubber polymers
during mixing results in HAP emissions such as styrene and butadiene
emissions. Heat generated by the physical nature of compound mixing and
added curing agents also causes HAP emissions (e.g., carbon black and
sulfur chemically combine to form carbon disulfide). Actual emissions
from rubber compounding operations and other mechanical warming of the
compounds (e.g., milling) are approximately 829 megagrams per year (Mg/
yr) (914 tons/yr). This is approximately 46 percent of the total annual
tire production emissions in 1996.
Six generic rubber compounds are used to manufacture rubber tires.
A seventh compound is manufactured for use as bladder material in the
curing presses. Manufacturers modify these six compounds into
proprietary rubber compounds to meet company-specified tire performance
criteria and functions. We considered whether the use of different
compounds, as well as differences in the sequence and nature of some of
the intermediate processing steps, affects our overall analysis of the
rubber processing operation. We concluded that, despite the use of
these proprietary compounds, the overall steps taken to process the
rubber and subsequently manufacture the tires are essentially the same
across the industry.
2. Tire Production
Various cements, solvents and related mixtures are used in
producing tires and tire components. Tire production processes where
these cements and solvents may be used include extruding, tread stock
cementing, side wall cementing, bead cementing, liner tack operations,
tire building, curing press spray operations, and finishing paint
operations. Cements and solvents are defined in Sec. 63.6015 of the
proposed rule as:
* * * the collection of all organic chemicals, mixtures of
chemicals, and compounds used in the production of rubber tires,
including cements, solvents, and mixtures thereof as process aides
in storage tanks, wastewater, and research and development areas.
Cements and solvents include, but are not limited to, tread end
cements, undertread cements, bead cements, tire building cements and
solvents, green tire spray, blemish repair paints, side wall
protective paints, marking inks, general cleaning solvents, and slab
dip mixtures. Cements and solvents do not include coatings used in
tire cord production, puncture sealant application, or chemicals and
compounds that are not used in the tire production process such as
restroom cleaning compounds, office supplies (e.g., dry-erase
markers, correction fluid), architectural paint, or any substance to
the extent it is used for personal, family, or household purposes,
or is present in the same form and concentration as a product
packaged for distribution and use by the general public.
We estimate that processes using cements and solvents account for
54 percent of the HAP emissions associated with the tire production
industry, including emissions from storage vessels, wastewater, and
research and development areas.
Cements and solvents are used for many purposes. For example, they
may be used in ``cement'' application to generate a tacky surface for
temporary binding of components prior to curing. In addition, they are
often used for marking lines on rubber components for identification
and component alignment at tire building. They may also be used as
constituents in green tire lubricant spray, blemish paint used in tire
finishing, and coatings used in white wall protection.
The RMA rubber tire manufacturing survey for the 1996 calendar year
estimated potential HAP emissions from the usage of cements and
solvents and sealants to be 1,280 Mg/yr (1,411 tons/yr). One operation,
tread-end cementing, accounted for approximately 30 percent of these
emissions, 383 Mg/yr (422 tons/yr). The 1996 estimated emissions of HAP
associated with cements, solvents and associated mixtures for other
operations are presented in table 1 as follows:
Table 1.--Estimated Emissions From Cements and Solvents Usage in Tire
Production
[1997 RMA tire production survey]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 estimated emissions,
Operation mg/yr (tons/yr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tread-end cementing......................... 383 (422)
Undertread cement........................... 187 (207)
Bead cementing.............................. 40 (44)
Green tire spray............................ 191 (211)
Cement house................................ 34 (37)
Tanks....................................... 5 (6)
Miscellaneous cement and solvent use........ 439 (484)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Tire Cord Production
Tire cord is an integral sidewall component of rubber tires and is
used primarily to provide resistance to sidewall flexing. In tire cord
production, fibers or fabric are processed into a prepared fabric
substrate which is subsequently used to prepare sidewall components.
Tire cord production is a separate subcategory for purposes of this
proposed rule because the process of tire cord production is
significantly different from other tire component and tire
manufacturing operations. The process of tire cord production also
lends itself to separate and specific HAP controls.
Tire cord is produced by coating a continuous web of woven fabric
by dipping it in an aqueous, latex-resin solution and then heating and
drying the coated fabric. This is typically accomplished in a three-
step production process. First, the fabric is dipped in the coating
solution. Next, the coated fabric is typically heated and dried.
Finally, the coated fabric is subjected to an
[[Page 62419]]
elevated temperature to heat set the fabric and polymerize the coating
solution. The coating of the fabric ensures that a strong bond is
formed between the tire cord fabric and a subsequently applied rubber
compound in calendaring.
Tire cord production is an integral part of tire manufacturing
because tire cord is a major sub-component of the sidewall component of
the tire manufacturing process. Tire cord production may be, but is not
typically, located at a tire production facility. Tire cord is
manufactured at twelve facilities in the U.S.
Organic HAP emissions from tire cord production result from the
coating solutions used to prepare the fabric. The coating solution used
is an aqueous, latex-resin adhesive that typically consists of a
mixture of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and latex. Actual HAP emissions
associated with the tire cord production are estimated to be about 91
Mg/yr (100 tons/yr). However, depending on the formula of the coating
solution and the type of fabric, HAP emissions for individual products
can be minimal or even zero. The coating solution formulations used at
each tire cord production facility are proprietary and have been
developed to meet a company's specific requirements for the tires in
which the tire cord will be used. In addition to limiting the amount of
HAP in coatings, sources may control organic HAP emissions from tire
cord production by using various add-on pollution control devices
(e.g., thermal oxidizers, carbon adsorbers).
4. Puncture Sealant Application
Emissions from puncture sealant application occur from the
application of a mixture containing solvent constituents, rubber, and
process oil to the inner liner of a completely manufactured tire. The
puncture sealant mixture contains organic HAP that volatilize during
the application process.
The 1997 RMA survey included one puncture sealant application
process. The survey estimated HAP emissions from this puncture sealant
application process to be approximately 15 Mg/yr (17 tons/yr). The main
HAP emitted is hexane.
The application of the solvent mixture at the one facility occurs
in a spray booth which is reported to meet the requirements of our
definition of a permanent total enclosure (PTE) (40 CFR part 52,
appendix A, Method 204). Approximately 56 percent of the applied
puncture sealant mixture volatile composition is volatilized in the
application booth and captured and sent to the control device. The
remaining 44 percent of the HAP and non-HAP volatile material remains
in the tire. In order for the sealant to work properly over the life of
the tire, nearly all of the volatile compound containing material
remaining (89 percent or more of the remaining 44 percent) must be
retained in the applied puncture sealant mixture. The sealant's purpose
is to seal any future hole which might occur in the tread when an
object penetrates the tire.
5. Storage, Transfer and Mixing Vessels Containing Cements and Solvents
Storage, transfer and mixing vessels containing cements and
solvents and coatings are a potential source of HAP emissions at rubber
tire manufacturing facilities. Separate facilities are used (except in
bulk chemical storage) by each of the affected categories and
subcategories. The majority of these emissions come from the cement
house at tire production facilities (the principle distribution center
within a facility), from mixing and storage areas within the tire cord
production process areas, and at the point of use for tire production
processes. Organic HAP emissions result from evaporative losses from
cement and solvent storage and transfer and mixing operations.
6. Wastewater
Wastewater is another potential source of HAP emissions in the
rubber tire manufacturing process. The HAP emissions from wastewater
are generated during cooling and washing of various rubber tire
manufacturing equipment and components.
7. Research and Development Areas
Most tire manufacturing facilities have research and development
areas, including laboratories, for the purpose of testing new
manufacturing protocols or developing new and improved tire technology.
These research and development areas may or may not be at the
manufacturing site and may have pilot plants sized to do laboratory
scale research. Research and development facilities would be covered by
the emission limits in the proposed standards. Research and development
areas may use and emit HAP from cements and solvents.
Typically, research and development operations resemble
laboratories where formulations of rubber compounds and cements and
solvents are analyzed for future applications. The research facilities
may also use existing plant equipment to test these newly developed
formulations. Typically, several tires (as many as 100) may be produced
to evaluate various desired qualities of the compound. The HAP
emissions associated with research and development are a relatively
small source in comparison to the HAP emissions from other sources at
the facility. The majority of these emissions are produced during
experimental tire building using the existing equipment normally used
for production.
C. What Are the Affected Sources?
An affected source is a stationary source, group of stationary
sources, or part of a stationary source regulated by the NESHAP. Within
a source category or subcategory, we select the emission sources
(emission points or groupings of emission points) that will make up the
affected source. Each of these affected sources emits or has the
potential to emit one or more of the HAP listed in section 112 of the
CAA.
For purposes of this proposed rule, we have divided the rubber tire
manufacturing source category into four source subcategories: (1)
Rubber processing, (2) tire production, (3) tire cord production, and
(4) puncture sealant application.
1. Rubber Processing
The rubber processing affected source is the collection of all
primary rubber mixing processes (e.g., banburys and associated drop
mills) and mills that either mix compounds or warm rubber compound
before the compound is processed into components of rubber tires. The
mixed rubber compound itself is also included in the affected source.
2. Tire Production
The affected source for the tire production source subcategory is
the collection of all processes that use cements and solvents located
at any rubber tire manufacturing facility. The affected source would
include, but is not limited to: Storage and mixing vessels and the
transfer equipment containing cements and/or solvents; wastewater
handling and treatment operations; research and development operations;
tread end cement operations; tire painting operations; ink and finish
operations; undertread cement operations; general plant cleanup
operations; bead cementing operations; tire building operations; green
tire spray operations; extruding to the extent cements and solvents are
used; cement house operations; marking operations; calendar operations
to the extent solvents are used; tire stripping operations; tire repair
operations; slab dip operations; other tire building operations to the
extent that cements and solvents are used; balance pad operations;
component production and
[[Page 62420]]
tire manufacturing machinery and plant cleaning; and other cement or
solvent application operations in the tire manufacturing process. The
tire production affected source does not include processes included in
the rubber processing, the tire cord production, or the puncture
sealant application source subcategories.
3. Tire Cord Production
The affected source for the tire cord production source subcategory
is the collection of all processes engaged in the production of tire
cord. The affected source includes, but is not limited to: dipping
operations, drying ovens, heat-set ovens, bulk storage tanks, mixing
facilities, general facility vents, air pollution control devices and
warehouse storage vents.
4. Puncture Sealant Application
The affected source for the puncture sealant application source
subcategory is the puncture sealant application booth operation used to
apply puncture sealant to finished tires. For purposes of the proposed
rule, we have defined puncture sealant to mean the mixture of solvent
constituents, rubber, and process oil that is applied to the inner
liner of a finished tire for the purpose of sealing a future hole in
the tire.
D. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?
1. Tire Production
For the tire production affected source, we are proposing to allow
sources to choose one of two emission limitation options: (1) existing
and new affected sources may choose to limit HAP emissions from the use
of cements and solvents to no more than 1,000 grams per megagram of
cement or solvent (2 pounds per ton) for each HAP listed in table 16 of
the proposed rule, and 10,000 grams per megagram of cement or solvent
(20 pounds per ton) for each HAP not listed in table 16; or, (2)
existing and new affected sources may limit their total HAP emissions
on a mass of total HAP per mass of rubber processed into tires.
Specifically, if you own or operate an existing or new facility
producing rubber tires, you must reduce the affected source emissions
of HAP arising from cementing or solvent application to less than 0.024
grams per megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber processed into
tires.
The tire production standard options (options 1 and 2) are emission
limitations. The emission limitation in option 1 is based on the
emissions projected if sources used only cements and solvents
containing 0.1 mass percent of selected HAP (see table 16 in the
proposed rule) and 1.0 mass percent for all other HAP. The projected
emissions assume 100 percent of these HAP are emitted. The proposed
rule provides three alternatives for showing compliance with the
limitations in option 1:
Use only cements and solvents that as purchased contain no
more HAP than allowed by the specified emission limitations;
Use cements and solvents such that the monthly average HAP
emissions meet the specified emission limitations; or
Use control devices to reduce HAP emissions such that the
monthly average HAP emissions meet the specified emission limitations.
Option 2 provides the emission limitation corresponding to the
emissions of total pounds of HAP (mass emitted) on a mass of rubber
processed into tires (tons) over a monthly period. In other words, the
emission standard is a monthly emission factor limitation associated
with the production of tires. For each monthly period under option 2,
you would be required to meet an emission limitation of 0.024 grams per
megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber processed into tires.
Whereas option 1 limits individual HAP content (and therefore
emissions), option 2 would limit total HAP content.
There are two compliance alternatives for meeting option 2, listed
as follows:
Use cements and solvents such that the monthly average HAP
emissions meet the specified emissions limitations; or
Use control devices to reduce HAP emissions such that the
monthly average HAP emissions meet the specified emission limitations.
2. Tire Cord Production
For the tire cord production source subcategory, we are proposing
that existing major sources meet a 280 grams per megagram fabric
processed (0.56 pounds per ton fabric processed) HAP emission limit.
For new major sources, we are proposing a HAP emission limit of 220
grams per megagram fabric processed (0.43 pounds per ton fabric
processed).
In order to meet the proposed emission limitations, we are
proposing that you meet one of the following two compliance
alternatives: (1) Use coating solutions such that the monthly average
HAP emissions do not exceed the applicable emission limit; or (2) use a
control device to reduce HAP emissions such that the monthly average
HAP emissions do not exceed the applicable emission limitation.
3. Puncture Sealant Application
For existing sources in the puncture sealant application source
subcategory, we are proposing that you reduce the total organic HAP
emissions from all puncture sealant application booths by at least 86
percent by weight. For new sources, you would have to reduce emissions
by 95 percent by weight. In addition, you would have to meet specified
control and capture device operating limits to ensure the continued
proper operation of the equipment.
You would have two compliance alternatives in meeting the proposed
standards. The first is an overall control efficiency alternative. To
comply with this alternative, you would use an emissions capture system
and control device and demonstrate that the application booth emissions
meet the specified emission limitations and operating limits. The
second alternative is based on use of a permanent total enclosure. To
comply with this alternative, you would use a permanent total enclosure
that satisfies the Method 204 criteria in 40 CFR part 51 and
demonstrate that the control device meets the specified operating
limits and reduces at least 86 percent of emissions for existing
sources and 95 percent of emissions for new sources.
Table 2 summarizes the emission limitations for the tire
production, tire cord production, and puncture sealant application
affected sources.
Table 2.--Emission Limitations for Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Affected sources Pollutant Limit a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing, new or Selected organic HAP Emissions must not
reconstructed tire (See Table 16 of exceed 1,000 grams
production facility--Option proposed rule). per megagram (2
1. pounds per ton) of
the total cements
and solvents.
[[Page 62421]]
All other organic Emissions must not
HAP. exceed 10,000 grams
per megagram (20
pounds per ton) of
the total cements
and solvents.
Existing, new or Total organic HAP... Emissions must not
reconstructed tire exceed 0.024 grams
production facility--Option per megagram
2. (0.00005 pounds per
ton) of rubber
processed into
tires.
Existing tire cord Organic HAP......... Emissions must not
production facility. exceed 280 grams
per megagram (0.56
pounds per ton) of
fabric processed.
New or reconstructed tire Organic HAP......... Emissions must not
cord production. exceed 220 grams
per megagram (0.43
pounds per ton) of
fabric processed.
New or reconstructed Organic HAP......... Reduce booth
puncture sealant emissions by at
application booth. least 95 percent.
Existing puncture sealant Organic HAP......... Reduce booth
application booth. emissions by at
least 86 percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Emission limits are expressed as monthly average emission limits
except for: (1) Tire production affected sources that comply by
demonstrating that the cements and solvents that they use comply with
the limit for every purchase; and (2) puncture sealant application
affected sources must meet the emission reduction limit on a 3-hour
average.
E. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
Under the proposed standards, we require that you demonstrate
initial compliance with each emission limitation standard that applies
to you not later than 3 years after the date of publication of the
final rule in the Federal Register for existing sources, and no later
than 180 days from the date of initial startup of a new or
reconstructed source. Existing area sources that subsequently become
major sources have 3 years from the date they become a major source to
come into compliance.
1. Tire Production
If you have not purchased any materials (cements, solvents,
mixtures, etc.) containing individual HAP above the levels prescribed
in the HAP constituent emission limitations for tire production, you
would be required to demonstrate initial compliance by submitting a
Notification of Compliance Status report with a statement certifying
that all cements and solvents purchased for use in the production of
rubber tires meet the composition requirements specified in the
proposed rule. Although you are not required to submit records to
substantiate your statement of compliance, you would be required to
maintain records that demonstrate that you are in compliance with the
composition requirements of the option 1 emission limitation.
Alternatively, if you have cements and solvents containing HAP
above the levels prescribed in the emission limitations for tire
production but meet the composition requirements specified in the
proposed rule when you also consider cements and solvents used that do
not contain HAP, you would be required to demonstrate compliance
differently. You would be required to demonstrate initial compliance by
submitting the Notification of Compliance Status report with a
statement certifying that all cements and solvents as applied in the
production of rubber tires meet the composition requirements specified
in the proposed rule for the monthly (30-consecutive-day) period
immediately preceding the compliance date of this proposed rule. This
certification must include a list of all cements and solvents and
mixtures thereof purchased for use for tire production, their
quantities, and their individual HAP constituent compositions for the
monthly period.
If you use materials containing HAP above the levels prescribed in
the emission limitations for tire production, and you use one or more
add-on control devices to comply with the proposed rule, you would be
required to demonstrate initial compliance by submitting the
Notification of Compliance Status report that includes the information
outlined in the preceding paragraph, along with a statement certifying
that your capture systems and control devices are being operated within
the parameter values established during the required performance
test(s) for demonstrating compliance with the proposed rule for the 30-
consecutive-day period immediately preceding the compliance date. This
certification would be required to be accompanied with the performance
test report(s) and parameter values established during the performance
test(s) for continuous compliance monitoring.
If you choose to comply with the emission limitation specified in
option 2, you would be required to demonstrate initial compliance by
submitting the Notification of Compliance Status report with a
statement certifying that the mass of HAP used per mass of rubber
processed into tires over the monthly (30-consecutive operating day)
period preceding the compliance date did not exceed the limits
specified. Your records to demonstrate this certification would, at a
minimum, include a description of the measures taken (e.g., purchase of
low-HAP-content solvents or cements), the total amount of cements and
solvents used, the amount of HAP-containing solvents and cements used,
and the operational status of any control equipment used in achieving
some reduction in the HAP emissions.
Depending on the option and compliance alternative selected, you
would be required to perform the following tests to support your
demonstrations of compliance:
Determine the HAP quantity and concentration of your
cements and solvents or mixtures thereof using EPA Method 311 or other
methods approved by the Administrator. If there is a disagreement
between such information and Method 311 results, then the Method 311
results will take precedence.
Perform a material balance on your cements and solvents
used that accounts for all HAP emissions at the affected source.
Determine the percent by weight of the individual constituents of the
total cements and solvents used. Emission points that must be included
in the material balance include, but are not be limited to, bulk
storage tanks, mixing facilities, points of use in tire
[[Page 62422]]
manufacturing, general facility vents, air pollution control devices,
wastewater fugitive emissions, research and development area vents, and
warehouse storage vents.
If option 2 is used, determine the quantity of rubber
processed into tires by accounting for the total mass of rubber that
enters the tire component production processes.
For option 2, calculate the material balance and emission
factor for your HAP emissions (mass HAP emitted per mass rubber
processed into tires) and your monthly HAP emissions average. When
performing material balances to demonstrate compliance, if the storage
of materials, exhaust, or the wastewater from more than one affected
source are combined at the point where control systems are applied, any
credit for emissions reductions needs to be prorated among the affected
sources based on the ratio of their contribution to the uncontrolled
emissions.
Calculate your HAP emissions rate for the monthly
operating period immediately preceding the compliance date.
2. Tire Cord Production
To demonstrate initial compliance with the proposed standards for
tire cord production affected sources, you would be required to submit
a Notification of Compliance Status report with a statement certifying
that for the monthly (30-consecutive operating day) period immediately
preceding the compliance date of this proposed rule, your affected
sources met the emission limitations specified in the proposed rule.
You would be required to perform the following tests to support your
demonstration:
Determine the HAP quantity and concentration of your
coating mixture using EPA Method 311 or other methods approved by the
Administrator. If there is a disagreement between such information and
Method 311 results, then the Method 311 results will take precedence.
Perform a material balance on your coating mixture use
that accounts for all HAP emissions from all emission points located at
your facility. Emission points that must be included in the material
balance include, but are not be limited to, bulk storage tanks, mixing
facilities, points of use, general facility vents, air pollution
control devices, wastewater, research and development areas, and
warehouse storage vents. When performing material balances to
demonstrate compliance, if the storage of materials, exhaust, or the
wastewater from more than one affected source are combined at the point
where control systems are applied, any credit for emissions reductions
needs to be prorated among the affected sources based on the ratio of
their contribution to the uncontrolled emissions.
Determine your quantity of fabric processed by accounting
for the total mass of fabric that enters the fabric treating process.
Calculate your HAP emissions (mass HAP emitted per mass
fabric processed) and your monthly HAP emissions average.
Calculate your average HAP emissions rate for the monthly
period immediately preceding the compliance date.
3. Puncture Sealant Application
To demonstrate compliance with the puncture sealant application
standard, you must demonstrate compliance in one of two ways. First,
you may choose to demonstrate the overall control efficiency of your
emissions reductions system. In this case, you would demonstrate that
the emissions capture system efficiency multiplied by the control
device efficiency meets the applicable emissions limitation for the
application booth emissions, and that your equipment meets the
specified operating limits. You would demonstrate these efficiencies by
conducting a performance test of the capture system and control device
to determine their individual efficiencies. You would also establish
operating parameters that you would subsequently monitor to demonstrate
continuous compliance with the operating limits.
Alternatively, you could use a permanent total enclosure that
satisfies the Method 204 criteria in 40 CFR part 51. Use of a permanent
total enclosure certifies 100 percent capture. Then, you would
demonstrate that the control device reduces at least 86 percent of
emissions for existing sources and 95 percent of emissions for new or
reconstructed sources and meets the specified operating limits. As
above, you would demonstrate the control device efficiency by
conducting a performance test. You would also establish operating
parameters that you would subsequently monitor to demonstrate
compliance with the operating limits.
F. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
The proposed standards require that you demonstrate continuous
compliance with each emission limitation that applies to you. For the
tire production, tire cord production, and puncture sealant application
source subcategories, you would be required to demonstrate continuous
compliance by monitoring each of the following as applicable to the
compliance plan of the affected source, in some instances, on a daily
basis:
Amounts of cements and solvents or coating mixtures used;
HAP content of the cements and solvents or coating
mixtures;
Amount of fabric processed at tire cord production
facilities;
Amount of rubber processed into tires at tire production
facilities; and
Any add-on control equipment parameter values.
The monitoring data would be used to calculate the monthly average
limits. In the proposed rule, we have provided the necessary algorithms
for calculating the monthly averages.
G. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
We have incorporated most of the requirements of the NESHAP General
Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) into the proposed rule.
Exceptions have been specified, as relevant.
You would be required to submit the following notifications and
reports:
An Initial Notification within 120 days after the
effective date of the promulgated standards for existing sources and
within 120 days after the date of initial startup for new and
reconstructed sources.
If you are required to conduct a performance test, you
would be required to submit a Notification of Intent to conduct a
performance test at least 60 calendar days before the performance test
is scheduled to begin.
If you have conducted a performance test to meet the
requirements of this proposed rule, you would be required to submit a
Notification of Compliance Status report that includes the performance
test report. This report would be submitted before the close of
business on the 60th calendar day following the completion of the
performance test.
A compliance report that either contains a statement that
there were no deviations from the emission limitations and operating
limits (if applicable) during the reporting period or that reports any
deviations from the emission limitations. This report would be
submitted semiannually except where a tire production affected facility
has demonstrated compliance with the HAP-constituent emission
limitation by purchasing and using only complying materials. In this
case, the semiannual report will be replaced with an annual report.
[[Page 62423]]
A periodic report is required every 6 months if a change
occurs at the affected facility, or within the process that affects the
compliance status, or that such change would have resulted in a report
in the Initial Notification.
You would be required to maintain records for at least 5 years from
the date of each record. You must retain the records onsite for at
least the first 2 years but may retain the records offsite for the
remaining 3 years. In addition to the general recordkeeping
requirements of the General Provisions, you would be required to keep
the following records:
A copy of each notification and report that you submitted
to comply with the proposed rule, including documentation supporting
the Initial Notification or Notification of Compliance Status reports
that you submitted.
Records of performance tests and performance evaluations.
For all processes that use cements and solvents in the
manufacture of tires, you would be required to keep a daily record of
the composition of all cements and solvents used and a monthly record
of the quantity of cements and solvents used, as well as the mass
weight of rubber processed into tires for tire production.
For each air pollution control device (e.g., thermal
oxidizer) associated with a process or processes that use cements and
solvents in the production of tires, you would be required to keep a
daily record of the mass percent of HAP in cements and solvents used,
and a daily record of parameter values that indicate proper operation
of the control device as determined during the performance tests.
For each process or facility that produces tire cord, you
would be required to keep a daily record of the mass of HAP in all
coating mixtures used, the mass of HAP in coating mixtures that are not
emitted (i.e., controlled by a control device), the mass of fabric
processed, and a calculated emission factor that indicates your
emissions on a monthly average.
For each air pollution control device (e.g., thermal
oxidizer) associated with a process or facility that produces tire
cord, you would be required to keep a daily record of the mass of HAP
in all coating mixtures used, the mass of HAP in coating mixtures that
are not emitted (i.e., controlled by a control device), the mass of
fabric processed, a daily record of any parameters, as determined
during the performance tests, that indicate actual operation of the
control device, and a calculated emission factor that indicates your
emissions on a monthly average.
For each air pollution control device (e.g., carbon
absorber) associated with a process or facility that applies puncture
sealant to the interior of finished tires, you would be required to
keep a daily record of the mass of HAP in all coating mixtures used and
a daily record of any parameters, as determined during the performance
tests, that indicate actual operation of the control device.
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How Did We Select the Source Category and Subcategories?
We listed tire manufacturing as a category of major sources of HAP
on the initial list of major source categories (63 FR 7155). The
primary HAP emitted are hexane, toluene, formaldehyde, methanol, and
styrene. In gathering and evaluating more extensive information on tire
manufacturing, we determined that tire manufacturing actually includes
several distinct processes that are sources of HAP, and that some
operations are often not located at the same site. Specifically, rubber
compound mixing is a distinct process; however, we found that a
particular facility only mixed rubber for later distribution to its
satellite tire manufacturing facilities. In addition, tire cord
production is predominantly conducted at facilities not located with
tire production facilities. On November 8, 1999 (64 FR 63025), we
revised the source category list to change the name to ``rubber tire
manufacturing.'' The new name better describes the operations we
propose to regulate in this source category which includes more than
just ``tire production.''
The CAA allows us to define subcategories, or subsets of similar
emission sources within a source category, if technical differences in
emissions characteristics, processes, control device applicability, or
opportunities for pollution prevention exist within the source category
(57 FR 31567). Specific examples of these differences include the types
of products, process equipment differences, the type and level of
emission control, emission sources, and any other factors that would
affect the MACT determination for a given source category.
We reviewed and analyzed available information on the rubber tire
manufacturing industry to determine if subcategorization was warranted.
We considered information similar to that used in other MACT standard
subcategorization decisions including:
Similarity of products produced at different facilities;
Any variations in the process due to the tire type
produced;
Variability of raw or input materials used at different
facilities;
Type of equipment used in the process;
Control device applicability and costs; and
Pollution prevention opportunities.
Based on our review, we determined that there are fundamentally
different processes with differing operations and emissions within the
rubber tire manufacturing industry that warranted subcategorization. We
identified four separate operations within the tire manufacturing
source category that are significant sources of HAP emissions: (1)
Rubber processing, (2) tire production, (3) tire cord production, and
(4) puncture sealant application. Rubber processing includes mixing,
milling, and extrusion rubber compounding operations prior to the
application of solvents and cements. Tire production emission sources
are associated with the use of cements and solvents (including
emissions that result from storage, wastewater, and research and
development). Tire cord production is infrequently located at a rubber
tire production facility, and emission sources are associated with the
coating solutions used to treat the fabric (including emissions that
result from storage, wastewater, and research and development).
Puncture sealant application is a separate operation where emissions
are associated with the mixture that is applied to the inner liner of a
newly finished tire for the purpose of sealing future punctures. The
mixture contains solvent constituents, rubber, and process oils. We
have prepared a memorandum supporting this subcategorization that you
can obtain from the docket for this proposed rulemaking.
B. How Did We Select the Affected Sources?
The affected source comprises the emission points to which a
standard applies for a source category or subcategory. As discussed in
section II.C, an affected source is a stationary source, group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source regulated by the
NESHAP. When selecting the affected source for a source category or
subcategory, we need to select the HAP emission sources that will make
up the affected source. Our rationale for the selection of the affected
sources within the tire production, tire cord production, and puncture
sealant
[[Page 62424]]
application source subcategories is presented in the following
paragraphs.
1. Rubber Processing
As described in earlier sections, emissions from the rubber
processing source subcategory occur from the operations where rubber is
being mixed and prepared, before it is processed into components of
rubber tires, and before cements and solvents are applied.
2. Tire Production
As noted above, emissions from the tire production source
subcategory are generally associated with the operations following
rubber processing that involve the use of cements and solvents to
assemble the tire.
Emissions from cements and solvents use over the past 20 years in
tire production operations have been significantly reduced. The EPA
data base for 1996 HAP emissions estimates that 1,280 Mg/yr (1,411
tons/yr) of organic HAP are emitted from tire production operations due
to the use of cements and solvents. Though no hard data have been
gathered, the industry estimates that this amount may be half the 1970-
1980 levels of emissions. Reductions in organic HAP emissions leading
up to our 1996 data base have been gained by the industry through
reducing or eliminating the amount of cements and solvents used, or by
reformulating the cements and solvents to reduce or eliminate their
volatile organic compounds (VOC), including HAP content.
For example, tread-end cementing is estimated to use approximately
383 Mg/yr (422 tons/yr) of cements and solvents or about 30 percent of
the total cements and solvents used in the rubber tire production
industry. An analysis of the information submitted by RMA, and the
information collected during EPA site evaluations, indicated that
several facilities use cements and mixtures containing no reportable
quantity of HAP. In contrast, the use of add-on pollution control
devices to control emissions from cements and solvents use is atypical.
Of the 41 reporting facilities in RMA's survey, a total of seven used
control devices directed toward HAP organic emissions from cementing
and solvent operations. Therefore, based on current and historic
emissions control practices at tire production sources, we concluded
that, although emissions are controllable using add-on control devices,
the prevalent means of emissions control is the use of air pollution
prevention measures. In selecting the affected source, we considered
this controllability of emissions as a key criterion.
We also considered the potential impact of reconstruction when
selecting the affected source for tire production. We do not believe it
is appropriate to require a facility to meet new source standards
because it reconstructs one small process, such as replacing one tire
building station, especially when such replacement in itself would not
significantly affect emissions from the facility. Therefore, we
selected the tire production affected source to be the collection of
all processes that use cements and solvents located at a rubber tire
manufacturing facility. This definition of affected source includes all
operations within the facility where cements and solvents are used. As
a result, reconstruction, which is defined in 40 CFR 63.2, will be
determined by looking at the capital costs for replacing the entire
affected source. Modifications to individual processes or operations
should be less likely to trigger treatment as a reconstructed source.
3. Tire Cord Production
As described later in this preamble, emissions from tire cord
production can be controlled by add-on control devices, pollution
prevention measures, or a combination of these two. Although some add-
on control devices are used and will continue to be used at tire cord
production processes, emissions reductions can be achieved by reducing
the VOC (including HAP) content in the coating solutions or eliminating
the emissions of VOC (including HAP) through process changes and
substitution of materials.
Tire cord production facilities may have several different
production lines and may produce several different types of tire cord
in one facility. Although the coating solutions differ depending on the
types of cord being produced, they are basically the same solution,
consisting of a mixture of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and latex, with
some changes in the formulation that are considered proprietary among
tire cord producers.
Process changes and material substitutions, though not as common as
they are for operations using cements and solvents in tire production,
are being pursued as a way of controlling HAP emissions from tire cord
operations. Despite these efforts, however, we believe emissions from
tire cord sources will continue to be controlled at least in part using
add-on control devices. In selecting the affected source, we considered
this choice of controllability of emissions as a key criterion.
Therefore, the standard reflects the alternative to address emissions
reductions through traditional add-on control or reformulation or
elimination of HAP in the coating solutions used to treat tire cord
fabric.
In selecting the affected source for the tire cord subcategory, we
also considered the need for flexibility at the facility to modify
operations without triggering treatment as a reconstructed source. As
with the tire production affected source, we did not believe it was
appropriate to cause a facility to have to meet new source standards
because it reconstructs one small process, such as replacing one
component of a particular tire cord production process. Therefore, we
selected the affected source to be the collection of all processes
located at any rubber tire manufacturing facility that are engaged in
the production of tire cord.
4. Puncture Sealant Application
For the puncture sealant application source subcategory, HAP
emissions are generated from the application of the puncture sealant
mixture to the interior of the newly finished tire. The HAP emissions
come from the solvent constituents used in the mixtures. The
application takes place within an enclosed application booth. The
captured air stream is passed through a control device such as a carbon
adsorber. The puncture sealant operation is a distinct operation and
accounts for approximately 15 Mg/yr (17 tons/yr) of actual HAP
emissions.
Unlike our other subcategories, the puncture sealant subcategory is
comprised of a physically definable, lone emission source which is the
application booth. Therefore, we have designated the emission source as
the affected source.
C. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards
for Existing and New Sources?
In establishing these proposed emission standards, we determined
the MACT floor for each affected source. We evaluated add-on control
technologies as well as work practices and pollution prevention
techniques. We obtained data related to operating procedures and
emissions for the rubber processing, tire production, tire cord
production, and puncture sealant affected sources through a combination
of site visits, the RMA surveys (see section I.D.) and discussions with
the industry. Data from all these sources were considered in the
selection of emission limits for individual emission points at rubber
tire manufacturing facilities.
[[Page 62425]]
1. Rubber Processing
We determined that MACT for rubber processing is no control, and,
therefore, there are no emission limitations or other requirements
being proposed for the rubber processing affected source. In reaching
the conclusion that MACT for rubber processing is no control, we first
evaluated the floor and determined that the floor is no control. There
are currently no organic emission add-on controls applied to these
mixing and milling operations in the rubber tire industry. Based on the
fact that some plants have lower emissions than others, we evaluated
whether there is a MACT floor based on substitution of lower-HAP
containing raw materials which could be used in the process. We learned
that little or no HAP are added to the raw materials used to make the
rubber compounds. The approximately 829 Mg/yr (914 tons/yr) of HAP
emissions associated with rubber compound processing result from the
physical breakdown of polymers during the mixing, and chemical
reactions that occur when elevated temperatures in mixing and milling
affect the individual rubber compounds. The rubber compounds used in
tires must meet certain characteristic properties to ensure attainment
of certain technical specifications such as high mileage and safety.
There are no known substitutes for the basic ingredients used to make
the individual rubber compounds that would result in lower HAP
emissions. Thus, we concluded that there were no pollution prevention
controls or procedures to form a basis for the MACT floor.
We also evaluated the possibility of going beyond the ``no
control'' MACT floor in controlling the major emissions from the
compounding and milling process. Specifically, we explored controlling
the organic HAP emissions from rubber processing with add-on controls
(i.e., thermal oxidizers). We determined that, although feasible, such
add-on controls were unreasonably expensive. Therefore, we concluded
that the control of organic HAP beyond the floor would not be
reasonable at this time.
2. Tire Production
Cements and solvents are widely used throughout the rubber tire
manufacturing industry for many different purposes (see section II.B of
this preamble for a description). The quantity of cements and solvents
used annually varies significantly among facilities, from near zero at
some facilities to nearly 300 tons at others. The emissions reported in
the RMA survey that comprise our data base reflect the total amount of
volatile HAP used for the year. In other words, we assume that all of
the volatile HAP contained in the cements and solvents used were
emitted.
Emissions from the use of cements and solvents are controlled
primarily through pollution prevention measures. These pollution
prevention measures include reformulation to reduce or eliminate the
HAP content of cements and solvents, reduction in the quantity of
cements and solvents used, and elimination of cements and solvents use
altogether. Some facilities change their process operations, which is
another form of pollution prevention, to reduce their cementing needs.
Specifically, they arrange and choreograph their component production
processes, or time the production of components so that the delivery of
components to tire building stations occurs within a short enough
timeframe to avoid film build up on the uncured rubber compound. In
some cases, component pre-cutting has been changed to on-demand cutting
at the tire building station, eliminating the need to address film
build up on the component material. These process changes eliminate the
need for cements or solvents by ensuring that the rubber compound
remains tacky and will stick to the other components.
Add-on control devices are also installed at tire production
sources to reduce organic emissions from the application of cements and
solvents, but their installation is sporadic. Typically, a capture
system at the cement or solvent application area captures the immediate
evaporation of the volatile HAP and directs the HAP to a thermal
oxidation unit.
Because of the varying types and quantities of cements and solvents
used in tire production, and the fact that emissions generated during
their use are controlled primarily through pollution prevention
measures, we believe that a process-by-process MACT floor based on a
specific control technology would not be reasonable or appropriate for
this affected source. Therefore, we decided to determine the MACT floor
broadly to encompass the entire tire production affected source.
This approach for setting the MACT floor allows rubber tire
production facilities greater flexibility for complying with the tire
production standards by allowing facilities to consider total emissions
from cements and solvents within the affected source rather than on a
process-by-process basis. It also provides the facility the flexibility
to mix and match the use of pollution prevention methods and the use of
add-on control devices to comply with the tire production standard.
Using a source-wide approach, we developed the MACT floor emission
standards to reflect an individual HAP content emission limitation. We
determined the MACT floor for tire production existing sources by
calculating the average emission limitation achieved by the best
performing 12 percent of the existing tire production sources for which
we have data (41 facilities). Twelve percent of 41 is 4.92, so the MACT
floor for the use of cements and solvents for the tire production
affected source would be the average emission limitation of the best
performing five sources.
In the 1997 RMA survey response, eleven rubber tire production
facilities reported that they did not have reportable emissions or did
not use HAP-containing cements and solvents or mixtures thereof in tire
production. As a result, the average emission limitation of the top
five facilities would initially appear to be zero HAP emissions. In the
course of drafting this proposal, however, we discovered that the
facilities reporting that they did not use HAP-containing cements and
solvents were relying upon the de minimis reportable quantity
thresholds for selected HAP (see section I.D. of preamble for
discussion). We, therefore, interpret the facilities' reported ``zero''
HAP emissions from cements and solvents to mean that their cements and
solvents may contain up to the reportable threshold quantities of HAP.
The MACT floor for new or reconstructed sources is set at the
emissions achieved in practice by the best performing similar source.
As discussed for the existing source MACT floor, several rubber tire
production facilities reported that they did not have reportable HAP
emissions from the use of cements and solvents. However, as explained
above, we interpret the facilities' reported ``zero'' HAP emissions to
mean that their cements and solvents may contain up to the de minimis
reportable quantity levels. Thus, the MACT floor is the same for new
and existing sources.
We also evaluated the possibility of going ``beyond the MACT
floor'' for tire production sources. The floors for both existing and
new sources, although not zero emissions, are very close to zero
emissions. As a result, we evaluated the feasibility of eliminating all
HAP emissions from tire production sources as an above-the-floor option
for both existing and new sources. The estimated HAP emissions
reductions associated with the tire production MACT floor is 949 Mg/yr
(1,047 tons/yr). Total
[[Page 62426]]
elimination of all HAP in cements and solvents is estimated to reduce
emissions by 946 Mg/yr (1,063 tons/yr). We, however, cannot assess the
achievability of eliminating HAP emissions altogether because we lack
information on the availability of adequate cements and solvents that
truly contain no HAP at any concentration. We are seeking supporting
information regarding an elimination of HAP in tire production by
soliciting, through this proposal, any information regarding the
elimination of HAP in cements and solvents used in tire production.
Based on the analysis described above, the standards for both
existing and new tire production affected sources are based on the
floor level of control and are expressed in terms of individual HAP
content emission limitations. This emission limitation is identified as
``option 1'' in table 2.
Table 2 also includes a second emission limitation for tire
production labeled as ``option 2.'' Option 2 represents a second form
of emission limitation based on the mass of HAP emitted per mass of
rubber processed into tires. We have calculated the emission limit in
option 2 to be at least as stringent as the MACT floor represented by
option 1. In developing option 2, we concluded that, based on
information available to us from the industry, there is a range of HAP
constituents that may be present in the cement and solvent formulations
but the typical formulation contains three HAP components. Assuming
three components are used, under option 1, the typical cement/solvent
formulation would contain approximately 3 percent HAP by weight. Using
this figure, we calculated an emission limitation that we believe would
be equivalent to option 1 for the source in the RMA data base with the
lowest reported ratio of cement and solvent HAP content to rubber
processed. Specifically, the reported annual HAP content for this
facility was adjusted assuming a three component formulation (e.g., 800
pounds of HAP used x 0.03). As in option 1, we assume all HAP
contained in the cements and solvents will be emitted. The resulting
HAP emissions were then divided by annual rubber processed into tires,
in tons, to achieve the mass of HAP per mass of rubber processed
limitation.
We consider option 2 to be at least as stringent as option 1. For
facilities other than the one used in our calculation, option 2 is
arguably more stringent than the floor, but these other facilities are
not forced to meet this limitation since option 1 is available and
represents the MACT floor. We are interested in comment on the
reasonableness of this approach in establishing an option that is at
least as stringent as the MACT floor and on alternative means of
expressing option 2.
3. Tire Cord Production
The tire cord production process typically uses an aqueous solution
containing a mixture of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and latex to coat a
fabric, usually polyester or nylon. Heat is then used to set the fabric
and polymerize the coating solution. The exact composition of the
coating solutions are considered proprietary and vary between
facilities. The composition of the coating solutions also varies with
the type of fabric being coated.
Emissions from the tire cord production affected source are often
controlled by using pollution prevention measures. These measures
include replacing non-aqueous coating mixtures with aqueous coating
mixtures and reducing the amount of HAP in the coating mixtures. Add-on
control devices, though less common, are also used to reduce organic
emissions. These control devices, however, are generally only used to
control HAP emissions from select individual processes within the
affected source. In fact, within the 12 tire cord production facilities
there are: 19 dipping operations, only one of which uses an add-on
control device to control HAP emissions; 18 heater-drying operations,
only two of which use add-on control devices to control HAP emissions;
and 19 heat set operations, only four of which use add-on control
devices to control HAP emissions.
During our review and analysis of the tire cord production affected
source, we discovered significant process and operation variations
among tire cord production facilities. The variations we identified
include the following:
When add-on controls are used, organic emissions are
controlled from different operations of the process, and different
combinations of processes are controlled;
HAP emissions reporting is not consistent among facilities
(i.e., some facilities believe HAP are emitted from one process while
other facilities believe the HAP are emitted from a different process);
Equipment is configured differently among facilities to
produce the same product; and
There are commonly several process lines within a tire
cord production facility, each of which may be producing different
types of tire cord using different coating solutions, and equipment
dedication, as well as the product lines, vary through the year.
Because of the varying use of different types of coating solutions,
the significant process and operation variations among tire cord
production facilities, and the fact that emissions from tire cord
production are controlled primarily by using pollution prevention
measures, we do not believe a process-by-process MACT floor based on a
specific control technology is reasonable for this industry. Therefore,
we determined that the MACT floor should be based more broadly to
encompass the entire tire cord production source subcategory affected
source. Some of the other reasons we chose to determine the MACT floor
broadly include the following: (1) It allows tire cord production
facilities greater flexibility for complying with the standards by
allowing facilities to consider total emissions from coating operations
within the entire facility rather than on a process-by-process basis,
and (2) it allows the facility flexibility to mix and match the use of
pollution prevention methods and add-on control devices to comply with
the standard.
We used HAP annual emissions data and the annual fabric production
from the tire cord production facility RMA survey data base (see
section I.D. of this preamble) to calculate an emission rate, in pounds
HAP emitted per ton of fabric processed, for the entire tire cord
affected source for each facility. Because there are fewer than 30
sources manufacturing tire cord, we determined the MACT floor based on
the average emissions achieved by the best performing five sources. The
average emission rate was calculated to be 280 grams HAP emitted per
megagram fabric processed (0.56 pounds HAP emitted per ton fabric
processed) for existing tire cord production facilities.
The MACT floor for new sources is based on the emissions reductions
achieved in practice by the best performing similar source. The best
performing tire cord production facility has an emission rate of 220
grams HAP emitted per megagram fabric processed (0.43 pounds HAP
emitted per ton fabric processed), which equals the new source MACT
floor for tire cord production.
We also evaluated going ``beyond the floor'' for the tire cord
production source subcategory. We did not identify any tire cord
production facility that has eliminated the use of HAP-bearing coatings
in their production process. Greater emissions reductions would,
therefore, likely require the use of add-on control devices. We
estimated that the average facility cost of achieving the
[[Page 62427]]
MACT for tire cord sources using add-on control devices (e.g.,
regenerative oxidation) would be approximately $70,000 per ton of total
HAP emissions reductions. The incremental cost effectiveness of using
add-on control devices to go beyond the floor is expected to be higher.
Because of these costs we are not proposing to adopt standards that
require reductions beyond the MACT floor.
4. Puncture Sealant Application
During the development of this proposed rule, we identified one
manufacturing plant where tires equipped with puncture sealant are
manufactured. As discussed previously, the puncture sealant application
process involves the application of a puncture sealant mixture
containing solvent constituents, rubber and process oil to the inner
liner of a tire. Since the puncture sealant application source
subcategory consists of only one plant, the MACT floor for an existing
source is the emissions control that is employed at that plant, which
we believe is represented by an overall control efficiency of 86
percent.
The current overall control equipment efficiency at this facility,
however, is not as efficient as what has been achievable for the type
of equipment used in other similar capture and control systems for
volatile organic emission sources. A new source puncture sealant
application affected facility would have to meet a more stringent
control equipment requirement reflecting a demonstrated and achievable
capture and control system commonly applied in volatile organic
emission control. The overall control efficiency for new sources is 95
percent based on the use of a permanent total enclosure and a properly
sized and operated control device, such as a carbon adsorber.
We evaluated the feasibility of going ``beyond the floor'' to
establish MACT for the existing facility but determined, based on a
review of the data, site evaluations, and input from industry, that it
would be unreasonable to go ``beyond the floor'' in establishing MACT.
The puncture sealant mixture formulation serves a specific market niche
for consumers who want a relatively low-cost tire that is resistant to
road hazards. Reformulation of the mixtures would be an impractical
above-the-floor option because no alternative formulations have been
identified that can provide the desired sealant capability. Requiring
add-on controls in addition to or in place of the use of the existing
carbon adsorption system on the single application booth would result
in an additional estimated annual reduction of 0.5 tons of HAP. Thermal
oxidation (incineration) is a viable control for the one existing
facility; however, the incremental costs of requiring the existing
facility to remove the current carbon adsorber and replace it with a
more efficient control system such as a thermal oxidation unit are
unreasonable considering the incremental emissions reductions that
would be achieved (approximately $28,500 per ton per year).
D. How Did We Select the Format of the Standards?
1. Tire Production
We are proposing mass emission limitations in the form of two
options for the tire production source subcategory. Option 1 is
expressed as a mass emission limit based on the HAP content of cements
and solvents. This option limits the level of any individual HAP
constituent in cements and solvents used in the tire production source.
Option 2 is a total HAP mass emission limit based the tons of rubber
processed. We believe that both of these options are appropriate for
the following reasons.
First, these formats are consistent with the data base and approach
used to derive them. They are also consistent with the approaches used
by the industry to report emissions. In proposing these standards, we
recognize that 11 individual facilities have eliminated or reformulated
their cements and solvents to either eliminate HAP or significantly
reduce their use in tire production. We further recognize that
reformulation and elimination of cements and solvents have resulted in
greater HAP emissions reductions than the use of add-on control
devices. As a result, we believe that both the individual HAP
constituent limitation, as well as the total mass HAP per mass rubber
processed limitation, encourage further pollution prevention
initiatives in the rubber tire production industry.
2. Tire Cord Production
For tire cord production facilities, the standard chosen is a
production-based standard expressed in units of mass of HAP emitted per
mass of fabric processed. Therefore, we chose a production-based format
in order to ensure that all regulated sources, even those with variable
processes, would meet uniform standards. A production-based format also
enables control techniques based on pollution prevention. In this case,
we know a production-based emission standard is workable for tire cord
production because sources are already complying with the proposed
emission standard and currently use mass balance methods to measure
emissions.
3. Puncture Sealant Application
For puncture sealant application, the format of the standards
proposed is expressed as percent reduction associated with the
operation of a capture system and control device. Only one U.S.-based
puncture sealant application affected source has been identified.
Information and data supplied by the one affected source indicate that
the puncture sealant operation is conducted within a puncture sealant
application booth, and that emissions from the total enclosure are
vented to a carbon adsorption control device. As explained in section
III.B, information from the affected source indicates that other
pollution prevention techniques such as reformulation of the puncture
sealant mixture do not appear achievable. Therefore, a percent
reduction standard was selected to reflect the operation of the source.
E. How Did We Select the Compliance, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and
Reporting Requirements?
We selected the compliance, monitoring, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements that would best demonstrate and document
compliance with the proposed standards. The proposed procedures and
methods have been used for similar sources and emission limit formats.
If you comply with the tire production emission limitation in
option 1 by purchasing and using cements and solvents that comply with
the limits, your recordkeeping and reporting are limited to using
purchase records. You may also qualify for annual instead of semiannual
compliance reports. You can choose this compliance alternative later
even if you initially use one of the monthly averaging approaches to
comply.
F. What Is the Relationship of This Subpart to New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for the Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry?
The NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart BBB) regulate the volatile
organic emissions from new tire manufacturing sources constructed after
January 20, 1983. For purposes of the NSPS, the term ``tires'' is
defined as any agricultural, airplane, industrial, mobile home, light
duty truck and/or passenger vehicle tire that has a bead diameter less
than or equal to 0.5 meter (19.7 inches), a cross section dimension
less than or
[[Page 62428]]
equal to 0.325 meter (12.8 inches), and that is mass produced in an
assembly line. The proposed subpart XXXX would encompass these tires as
well as any other tire manufacturing operation that falls within the
affected source definition. This proposed subpart would only supercede
the compliance requirements of the NSPS where the MACT is more
stringent than the applicable NSPS.
The NSPS limit monthly volatile organic emissions for specific
processes within the affected facility. In general terms, the VOC
emissions for under-tread cementing, sidewall cementing, tread-end
cementing, bead cementing, green tire spray and two specific
Michelin operations were established to limit the mass of VOC
to the atmosphere on a process operation basis. To the extent the VOC
emissions covered by the NSPS include volatile organic HAP, the
proposed standards could be more restrictive than the NSPS. Tire
manufacturing facilities will, therefore, need to consider the
requirements of both today's proposed rule, once finalized, and the
NSPS.
The NSPS compliance period (emission standard demonstration period)
is a monthly time period. The proposed standard incorporates an
emission cap as well as a mass of emission per tire, or average
emission per tire, during the month. For the NSPS, compliance is
determined by adding up the usage of VOC and determining the total
evaporated to the atmosphere and/or the average mass emission of VOC on
a per tire basis for each affected process specified in the NSPS. The
proposed NESHAP compliance period has been established to minimize the
restructuring of the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements for the
NSPS compliance determination period. Specifically, the proposed
standard averaging period is a monthly average on a facilitywide basis.
The add-on control monitoring provisions of the NSPS and the
proposed subpart are not inconsistent. Where the NSPS call for certain
parameters to be monitored for control equipment, the NESHAP and the
General Provisions to 40 CFR part 63 also call for the establishment of
these parameters to the extent that add-on controls are used in the
compliance plan for the affected source.
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What Are the Air Quality Impacts?
We estimate that the proposed rule would eliminate approximately
983 Mg/yr (1,084 tons/yr) (52 percent) of the baseline annual HAP
emissions from this industry.
For the tire production source subcategory, we have estimated that
the proposed standards would reduce HAP emissions by approximately 949
Mg/yr (1,047 tons/yr). For the tire cord production source subcategory,
we have estimated that the proposed standards would reduce HAP
emissions by approximately 34 Mg/yr (37 tons/yr). We have also
estimated that the proposed standards for tire cord production would
reduce emissions of VOC by the same amount.
For the one existing puncture sealant application source, we are
not requiring different emissions control than what is currently done.
Therefore, the proposed standards would not reduce HAP or other
emissions from baseline emissions.
B. What Are the Cost Impacts?
Actual compliance costs will depend on each source's existing
equipment and the modifications they make to comply with the proposed
standards. Table 3 shows the total annual costs for affected sources to
comply with the proposed standards. These costs include the estimated
costs of reformulating cements, solvents, and coatings or installing of
add-on control devices, as well as monitoring, reporting, and
recordkeeping costs.
Table 3.--Total Costs of the Rubber Tire Manufacturing MACT for Tire Production, Tire Cord Production, and
Puncture Sealant Application
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Puncture
Cost Tire Tire cord sealant
production application
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\-----
Total nationwide control costs.................................. $21,359,000 $2,477,000 $0
Total annual monitoring costs................................... 1,143,000 184,000 0
Annual average recordkeeping and reporting costs................ 579,000 102,000 0
Nationwide annual costs......................................... 23,081,000 2,763,000 0
Total nationwide costs.......................................... .............. .............. 25,844,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Puncture sealant monitoring and reporting recordkeeping costs are included in the tire production costs.
C. What Are the Economic Impacts?
The economic impact analysis (EIA) provides an estimate of the
anticipated regulatory impacts of the NESHAP for Rubber Tire
Manufacturing. The information collected for this proposed rule from
rubber tire manufacturers indicates that there are 14 manufacturers
with 43 facilities that are potentially affected. States with the
largest concentration of facilities are Alabama, Illinois, North
Carolina, South Carolina and Ohio. None of the facilities manufacturing
rubber tires are owned by companies that are classified as small
businesses.
In general, the economic impacts of this proposed rule are expected
to be minimal. A market price increase of less than 1 percent, or $0.03
per tire, is predicted. Domestic producer operating profits are
projected to decrease by $13.5 million. No rubber tire facility is
expected to close as a result of this proposed rule. The EIA estimates
that domestic tire output will decline by 144,000 tires (0.05 percent),
while imports will increase by 22,000 tires (0.04 percent), resulting
in a net decline of 122,000 tires, or 0.03 percent. For more
information on the results of the EIA analysis, refer to the EIA in the
docket.
D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?
The standards proposed for the tire manufacturing and tire cord
production source subcategories encourage the adoption of pollution
prevention measures. As a result, we believe that most manufacturers
will adopt these measures and expect minimal, if any, increases in
energy consumption, and reductions in water pollution and solid waste.
The standards proposed for the puncture sealant application source
subcategory do not impose any requirements above baseline, therefore,
there would be no non-air health, environmental, and energy impacts
[[Page 62429]]
associated with the implementation of the proposed standards.
V. Solicitation of Comments and Public Participation
We seek full public participation in arriving at our final
decisions and encourage comments on all aspects of this proposal from
all interested parties.
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''
and therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that this rule is not a ``significant regulatory action''
because none of the listed criteria apply to this action. Consequently,
this action was not submitted to OMB for review under Executive Order
12866.
B. Executive Order 13045--Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies
to any rule that the EPA determines is: (1) ``Economically
significant'' as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns
an environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe
may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory
action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental
health or safety effects of the planned rule on children and explain
why the planned rule is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonable alternatives that we considered.
This proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because
it is not an economically significant regulatory action as defined by
Executive Order 12866. In addition, EPA interprets Executive Order
13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that are based on
health and safety risks. This proposed rule is not subject to Executive
Order 13045 because it is based on technology performance and not on
health or safety risks.
C. Executive Order 13084--Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Under Executive Order 13084, Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments, the EPA may not issue a regulation that is
not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects the
communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by the tribal governments, or EPA consults with those
governments. If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13084
requires EPA to provide to OMB, in a separately identified section of
the preamble to the rule, a description of the extent of EPA's prior
consultation with representatives of affected tribal governments, a
summary of the nature of their concerns, and a statement supporting the
need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084
requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected
officials and other representatives of Indian tribal governments ``to
provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory
policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect their
communities.''
Today's proposed rule is required by section 112(d) of the CAA and
does not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of tribal
governments. No tribal governments own or operate a rubber tire
manufacturing facility. Accordingly, the requirements of section 3(b)
of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to this rule.
D. Executive Order 13132--Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
Policies that have federalism implications is defined in the Executive
Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on
the States, on the relationship between the national Government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of Government.''
This proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national Government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of Government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. The standards apply only to
rubber tire manufacturers and do not pre-exempt States from adopting
more stringent standards. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to
this proposed rule.
Although section 6 of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this
proposed rule, EPA did consult with State and local officials in
developing this proposed rule. No concerns were raised by these
officials during this consultation.
In the spirit of Executive Order 13132 and consistent with EPA
policy to promote communications between EPA, State, and local
governments, EPA specifically solicits comments on this proposed rule
from State and local officials.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, we
generally must prepare a written statement, including cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires us to identify
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows us to adopt an alternative with other than the
[[Page 62430]]
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if
we publish with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was
not adopted.
Before we establish any regulatory requirements that may
significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal
governments, we must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a
small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying
potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of affected
small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the
development of our regulatory proposals with significant Federal
intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising
small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
We have determined that this proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. Thus, today's proposed rule is not
subject to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In
addition, we have determined that this proposed rule contains no
regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect
small governments because it contains no regulatory requirements that
apply to such governments or impose obligations upon them. Therefore,
this proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of section 203 of
the UMRA.
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq.
The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute unless the Agency certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business that
has fewer than 1,000 employees; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction
that is a government of a city, county, town, school district or
special district with a population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small
organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise which is
independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This
proposed rule will not impose any requirements on small entities. We
have determined that none of the 43 facilities expected to be subject
to the proposed rule are small entities, and that this proposed rule
would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the requirements of the
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An Information
Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No.
1982.01), and a copy may be obtained from Ms. Sandy Farmer by mail at
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental
Information, Collection Strategies Division (2822), 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460, by e-mail at [email protected], or
by calling (202) 260-2740. A copy may also be downloaded off the
internet at http://www.epa.goc/icr. The information requirements are
not effective until OMB approves them.
The proposed information requirements are based on notifications,
records, and reports required by the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR
part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all operators subject to
national emission standards. These recordkeeping and reporting
requirements are specifically authorized under section 114 of the CAA
(42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA pursuant to the
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of
confidentiality is made will be safeguarded according to Agency
policies in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this
collection of information (averaged over the first 3 years after the
effective date of the promulgated rule) is estimated to total 12,766
labor hours per year at a total annual cost of $680,927. This estimate
includes notifications, a performance test and report for sources using
control devices to comply with the regulation, semiannual compliance
reports, annual compliance certifications, records of cements and
solvents composition, records of cements and solvents use, records of
HAP use, and records of any required parameter monitoring.
The total estimated annual and capital monitoring, inspection,
reporting and recordkeeping (MIRR) costs for existing and new major
sources to comply with the proposed standard when an affected source
opts to comply via the use of add-on control equipment are determined
based on the estimated capital costs of equipment required for MIRR
activities. For the rubber tire manufacturing industry, the total
estimated installed capital costs of this equipment is $2,983,912 for
existing major sources and $569,558 for new major sources. Annualized
capital MIRR costs for existing and new major sources to comply with
the proposed standard through the use of add-on controls were estimated
to be $1,137,025 and $189,853, respectively.
The total annual estimated operating and maintenance costs (O&M)
were calculated based on (1) the estimated storage, filing,
photocopying, and postage costs for the estimated total annual
responses associated with the provisions of the rubber tire NESHAP and
(2) the O&M costs for the equipment required for compliance with this
standard. The total storage, filing, photocopying, and postage cost per
response was $19.99, for an annual estimated average of $1,865.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purpose of collecting, validating, and
verifying information; process and maintain information and disclose
and provide information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to
respond to a collection of information; search existing data sources;
complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or
otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
Comments are requested on the EPA's need for this information, the
accuracy of the burden estimates, and any suggested methods for
minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of automated
collection techniques. Send comments on the ICR to the Director,
Collection Strategies Division (2822), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (2136), 1200
[[Page 62431]]
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget,
725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk
Office for EPA.'' Include the ICR number in any correspondence. Because
OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60
days after October 18, 2000, a comment to OMB is best assured of having
its full effect if OMB receives it by November 17, 2000. The final rule
will respond to any OMB or public comments on the information
collection requirements contained in this proposal.
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act (NTTAA) of 1995 (Publication L. No. 104-113) (15 U.S.C. 272 note)
directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in their regulatory
and procurement activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards
are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, business practices) developed or adopted by one or
more voluntary consensus bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide
Congress, through annual reports to the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB), with explanations when an agency does not use available and
applicable voluntary consensus standards.
This proposed rulemaking involves technical standards. EPA proposes
in this rule to use EPA Methods 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 2c, 2d, 2f, 2g, 3, 3a,
3b, 4, 25, 25a, 204, 204a-f, 311. Consistent with the NTTAA, the EPA
conducted searches to identify voluntary consensus standards in
addition to these EPA methods. No voluntary consensus standards were
identified as applicable to this rule.
Five consensus standards: ASTM D4827-93, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D1979-
91, ASTM D3432-89 and ASTM PS9-94 are already incorporated by reference
(IBR) in EPA Method 311. The search for emissions monitoring procedures
identified 15 voluntary consensus standards. EPA determined that 11 of
these 15 standards identified for measuring emissions of the HAPs or
surrogates subject to emission standards in the proposed rule would not
be practical due to lack of equivalency, detail, and/or quality
assurance/quality control requirements. Therefore, we do not propose to
use these voluntary consensus standards in this proposed rulemaking.
These 11 standards are shown in Table X, along with the EPA review
comments.
Four of the 15 remaining consensus standards identified are under
development or under EPA review. Therefore, we do not propose to use
these voluntary consensus standards in this proposed rulemaking. These
four standards are shown in Table Y, along with the EPA review
comments.
For EPA Methods 1a, 2a, 2d, 2f, 2g, 204, and 204a-f, no applicable
voluntary consensus standards were found at this time. The search and
review results have been documented and are placed in the docket for
this proposed rule.
EPA takes comment on proposed compliance demonstration requirements
in this rulemaking and specifically invites the public to identify
potentially-applicable voluntary consensus standards. Commentors should
also explain why this regulation should adopt these voluntary consensus
standards in lieu of or in addition to EPA's standards. Emission test
methods and performance specifications submitted for evaluation should
be accompanied with a basis for the recommendation, including method
validation data and the procedure used to validate the candidate method
(if method other than Method 301, 40 CFR Part 63, Appendix A was used).
Section 63.5993 of the proposed standard list the EPA testing
methods and performance standards included in the proposed regulations.
Most of the standards have been used by States and industry for more
than 10 years. Nevertheless, the proposal also allows any State or
source to apply to EPA for permission to use an alternative method in
place of any of the EPA testing method or performance standards
specified in this proposed rule.
Table X.--List of Voluntary Consensus Standards Not Applicable to the
Rubber Tire MACT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA'S comments on
Similar EPA standard Voluntary consensus voluntary consensus
reference method standard standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA Methods 1 and 2......... ISO 9096:1992 (in Some portions of
review 2000)-- this standard
Determination of relate to EPA
Concentration and Methods 1 and 2.
Mass Flow Rate of There is no EPA
Particulate Matter method to compare
in Gas Carrying this to. EPA cannot
Ducts--Manual approve this
Gravimetric Method. standard without
supporting data.
EPA Methods 1, 2, 2c, 3, 3b, ASTM D3154-91 Appears to cover
4. (1995)--Standard EPA's Part 60
Method for Average Methods 1, 2, 2c,
Velocity in a Duct 3, 3b, and 4 but
(Pitot Tube Method). lacks in quality
control and quality
assurance
requirements.
EPA Method 2................ ASTM D3464-96-- There is no EPA
Standard Test method to compare
Method Average this to.
Velocity in a Duct Applicability
Using a Thermal specifications are
Anemometer. not clearly defined
(example: range of
gas composition, T
limits). It appears
to have the correct
calibration
procedures and
specifications, but
wtihout supporting
data. Some of the
variability issues
were not adequately
addressed. EPA
cannot call this
equivalent to EPA
Method 2 without
supporting data.
EPA Method 2................ ISO 10780:1994-- This standard
Stationary Source recommends the use
Emissions--Measurem of L-shaped pitots,
ent of Velocity and although it
Volume Flowrate of contains procedures
Gas Streams in for the use of S-
Ducts. shaped pitots, as
in EPA Method 2.
ISO 10780 has good
detail, but has
significant
deficiences, e.g.,
1) the distance
between each leg of
the pitot to its
face-opening plane
can be up to 10
times the external
tubing diameter vs.
1.5 times as
specified in EPA
Method 2; and 2) no
direct calibration
procedures are
provided for an S-
shaped pitot.
[[Page 62432]]
EPA Method 2................ ASTM D3796-90 This is a very good
(1998)--Standard detailed procedure
Practice for for calibrating
Calibration of Type Type S pitot tubes,
S Pitot Tubes. but it is not a
complete method
alternative to EPA
Method 2.
EPA Method 3a............... ASTM D5835-95-- Similar to Methods
Standard Practice 3a, 6c, 7e, 10, ALT
for Sampling 004, CTM 022. Lacks
Stationary Source in detail and
Emissions for quality assurance/
Automated quality control
Determination of requirements. Very
Gas Concentration. similar to ISO
10396.
EPA Method 3a............... CAN/CSA Z223.2-M86 Too general. This
(1986)--Method for standard lacks in
the Continuous detail and quality
Measurement of assurance/quality
Oxygen, Carbon control
Dioxide, Carbon requirements.
Monoxide, Sulphur Appendices with
Dioxide, and Oxides valid quality
of Nitrogen in control information
Enclosed Combustion are not a required
Flue Gas Streams. part of this
standard.
EPA Method 3a............... ISO 10396:1993-- Similar to EPA
Stationary Source Methods 3a, 6c, 7e,
Emissions: Sampling 10, ALT 004, CTM
for the Automated 022. Similar to
Determination of ASTM D5835. Lacks
Gas Concentrations. in detail and
quality assurance/
quality control
requirements.
EPA Method 4................ ASTM E337-84 This will only cover
(Reapproved 1996)-- a small portion of
Standard Test what is acceptable
Method for for EPA Method 4.
Measuring Humidity
with a Psychrometer
(the Measurement of
Wet- and Dry- Bulb
Temperatures).
EPA Method 25a.............. EN 12619 (1999)-- This standard is
Stationary Source limited because it
Emissions--Determin doesn't apply to
ation of the Mass solvent-using
Concentration of processes vapors or
Total Gaseous concentrations >40
Organic Carbon at ppm carbon.
Low Concentrations Specifications for
in Flue Gases-- probe temperature
Continuous Flame are only 20 deg.C
Ionization Detector above flue gas as
Method. compared to EPA
Method 25a which
specifies greater
than or equal to
110 deg.C.
EPA Method 311.............. ASTM D3271--87 This standard is not
(1993)--Standard an acceptable
Practice for Direct alternative to EPA
Injection of Method 311. Section
Solvent-Reducible 1.2 under scope
Paints into a Gas reads ``This
Chromatograph for practice is not
Solvent Analysis. designed to be
quantitative.'' The
purpose of EPA
Method 311 is to
quantitatively
measure HAP's in
coatings.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table Y.--List of Voluntary Consensus Standards Not Final and/or Under
EPA Review for the Rubber Tire MACT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA's comments on
Similar EPA standard reference Voluntary voluntary
method consensus standard consensus standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA Method 2.................... ASME/BSR MFC 12M-- Standard likely in
Flow in Closed development at
Conduits Using the time the
Multiport search was
Averaging Pitot completed.
Primary
Flowmeters.
EPA Method 2 (possibly 1)....... ASME/BSR MFC 13M-- Under development
Flow Measurement when search was
by Velocity completed.
Traverse. Possibly similar
to EPA Methods 1
and 2.
EPA Method 3a................... ISO/DIS 12039-- Under development
Stationary Source when search was
Emissions--Determ completed.
ination of Carbon Possibly similar
Monoxide, Carbon to EPA Method 3a
Dioxide, and and 10.
Oxygen--Automated
Methods.
EPA Methods 25, 25a............. ISO/FDIS 14965-- Under development
Air Quality-- when search was
Determination of completed.
Total Nonmethane Possible
Organic improvement of
Compounds--Cryoge EPA Method 25a,
nic but will not
Preconcentration cover all aspects
and Direct Flame of EPA Method 25.
Ionization Method. EPA will review
the standard when
it is final.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous air
pollutants, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Rubber tire
manufacturing, Tire cord production.
Dated: September 15, 2000.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part
63, of the Code of the Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart XXXX to read as follows:
Subpart XXXX--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing
Sec.
What This Subpart Covers
63.5980 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.5981 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.5982 What parts of my facility does this subpart cover?
63.5983 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
Emissions Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
63.5984 What emission limitations must I meet for tire production
affected sources?
63.5985 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for tire production affected sources?
Emission Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
63.5986 What emission limitations must I meet for tire cord
production affected sources?
63.5987 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
[[Page 62433]]
Emission Limitations for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
63.5988 What emission limitations must I meet for puncture sealant
application affected sources?
63.5989 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for puncture sealant application affected sources?
General Compliance Requirements
63.5990 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
General Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements
63.5991 By what date must I conduct an initial compliance
demonstration or performance test?
63.5992 When must I conduct subsequent performance tests?
63.5993 What performance tests and other procedures must I use?
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Tire Production
Affected Sources
63.5994 How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire production
affected sources?
63.5995 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
63.5996 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for tire production affected sources?
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Tire Cord Production
Affected Sources
63.5997 How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire cord
production affected sources?
63.5998 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
63.5999 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Puncture Sealant
Application Affected Sources
63.6000 How do I conduct tests and procedures for puncture sealant
application affected sources?
63.6001 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
63.6002 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for puncture sealant application affected sources?
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Tire Production Affected Sources
63.6003 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate continuous
compliance with the emission limitations for tire production
affected sources?
63.6004 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for tire production affected sources?
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Tire Cord Production Affected
Sources
63.6005 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate continuous
compliance with the emission limitations for tire cord production
affected sources?
63.6006 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Puncture Sealant Application
Affected Sources
63.6007 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate continuous
compliance with the emission limitations for puncture sealant
application affected sources?
63.6008 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for puncture sealant application affected
sources?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
63.6009 What notifications must I submit and when?
63.6010 What reports must I submit and when?
63.6011 What records must I keep?
63.6012 In what form and how long must I keep my records?
Other Requirements and Information
63.6013 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
63.6014 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.6015 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Tables to Subpart XXXX
Table 1 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Tire Production
Affected Sources
Table 2 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Tire Cord
Production Affected Sources
Table 3 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Puncture Sealant
Application Affected Sources
Table 4 to Subpart XXXX--Operating Limits for Puncture Sealant
Application Control Devices
Table 5 to Subpart XXXX--Requirements for Performance Tests for
Existing, New, or Reconstructed Affected Sources
Table 6 to Subpart XXXX--Initial Compliance with the Emission
Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
Table 7 to Subpart XXXX--Initial Compliance with the Emission
Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
Table 8 to Subpart XXXX--Initial Compliance with the Emission
Limitations for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
Table 9 to Subpart XXXX--Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance with
the Emission Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
Table 10 to Subpart XXXX--Continuous Compliance with the Emission
Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
Table 11 to Subpart XXXX--Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance
with the Emission Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected
Sources
Table 12 to Subpart XXXX--Continuous Compliance with the Emission
Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
Table 13 to Subpart XXXX--Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance
with the Emission Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected
Sources
Table 14 to Subpart XXXX--Continuous Compliance with the Emission
Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
Table 15 to Subpart XXXX--Requirements for Reports
Table 16 to Subpart XXXX--Selected Hazardous Air Pollutants
Table 17 to Subpart XXXX--Applicability of General Provisions to
Subpart XXXX
Subpart XXXX--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing
What This Subpart Covers
Sec. 63.5980 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants emitted from rubber tire manufacturing. This subpart
also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous
compliance with the emission limitations.
Sec. 63.5981 Am I subject to this subpart?
You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a rubber tire
manufacturing facility that is located at, or is a part of, a major
source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions.
(a) Rubber tire manufacturing includes the production of rubber
tires and/or the production of components integral to rubber tires, the
production of tire cord, and the application of puncture sealant.
Components of rubber tires include, but are not limited to, rubber
compounds, sidewalls, tread, tire beads, tire cord and liners. Other
components often associated with rubber tires but not integral to the
tire such as wheels, inner tubes, and valve stems are not components of
rubber tires or tire cord and are not subject to this subpart.
(b) A major source of HAP emissions is any stationary source or
group of stationary sources located within a contiguous area and under
common control that emits or has the potential to emit, considering
controls, any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams (10 tons) or more
per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 22.68 megagrams (25
tons) or more per year.
[[Page 62434]]
Sec. 63.5982 What parts of my facility does this subpart cover?
(a) This subpart applies to each existing, new, or reconstructed
affected source at facilities engaged in the manufacture of rubber
tires or their components.
(b) The affected sources are defined in this section in paragraph
(b)(1), tire production; paragraph (b)(2) of this section, tire cord
production; paragraph (b)(3) of this section, puncture sealant
application; and paragraph (b)(4) of this section, rubber processing.
(1) The tire production affected source is the collection of all
processes that use cements and solvents as defined in Sec. 63.6015,
located at any rubber tire manufacturing facility. It includes, but is
not limited to: storage and mixing vessels and the transfer equipment
containing cements and/or solvents; wastewater handling and treatment
operations; research and development operations; tread end cement
operations; tire painting operations; ink and finish operations;
undertread cement operations; general plant cleanup operations; bead
cementing operations; tire building operations; green tire spray
operations; extruding to the extent cements and solvents are used;
cement house operations; marking operations; calendar operations to the
extent solvents are used; tire stripping operations; tire repair
operations; slab dip operations; other tire building operations to the
extent that cements and solvents are used; and balance pad operations.
(2) The tire cord production affected source is the collection of
all processes engaged in the production of tire cord. It includes, but
is not limited to, dipping operations, drying ovens, heat-set ovens,
bulk storage tanks, mixing facilities, general facility vents, air
pollution control devices, and warehouse storage vents.
(3) The puncture sealant application affected source is the
puncture sealant application booth operation used to apply puncture
sealant to finished tires.
(4) The rubber processing affected source is the collection of all
primary rubber mixing processes (e.g., banburys and associated drop
mills) and mills that either mix compounds or warm rubber compound
before the compound is processed into components of rubber tires. The
mixed rubber compound itself is also included in the rubber processing
affected source. There are no emission limitations or other
requirements for the rubber processing affected source.
(c) An affected source is a new affected source if construction of
the affected source commenced after October 18, 2000, and it met the
applicability criteria of Sec. 63.5981 at the time construction
commenced.
(d) An affected source is reconstructed if it meets the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2 of subpart A of this part.
(e) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.
Sec. 63.5983 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
(a) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, except as
provided in Sec. 63.5982(b)(4), you must comply with this subpart
according to the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If you start up your affected source before the effective date
of this subpart, then you must comply with the emission limitations for
new and reconstructed sources in this subpart no later than the
effective date of this subpart.
(2) If you start up your affected source after the effective date
of this subpart, then you must comply with the emission limitations for
new and reconstructed sources in this subpart upon startup of your
affected source.
(b) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with
the emission limitations for existing sources no later than 3 years
after the effective date of this subpart.
(c) If you have an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP, the
affected source(s) must be in compliance with existing source emission
limitations no later than 3 years after the date on which the area
source became a major source.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.6009
according to the schedule in Sec. 63.6009 and in subpart A of this
part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the date you
are required to comply with the emission limitations in this subpart.
Emission Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
Sec. 63.5984 What emission limitations must I meet for tire production
affected sources?
You must meet one of the two emission limitations in Table 1 of
this subpart that applies to you.
Sec. 63.5985 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for tire production affected sources?
You must use one of the compliance alternatives in paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section to meet either of the emission limitations
in Sec. 63.5984.
(a) Purchase alternative. Use only cements and solvents that, as-
purchased, contain no more HAP than allowed by the emission limitations
in Table 1, option 1 (HAP constituent option 1 only), of this subpart.
(b) Monthly average alternative, without using an add-on control
device. Use cements and solvents such that the monthly average HAP
emissions do not exceed the emission limitations in Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1 or option 2.
(c) Monthly average alternative, using an add-on control device.
Use a control device to reduce HAP emissions such that the monthly
average HAP emissions do not exceed the emission limitations in Table 1
of this subpart, option 1 or option 2.
Emission Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
Sec. 63.5986 What emission limitations must I meet for tire cord
production affected sources?
You must meet each emission limitation in Table 2 of this subpart
that applies to you.
Sec. 63.5987 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
You must use one of the compliance alternatives in paragraph (a) or
(b) of this section to meet the emission limitations in Sec. 63.5986.
(a) Monthly average alternative, without using an add-on control
device. Use coatings such that the monthly average HAP emissions do not
exceed the emission limitations in Table 2 of this subpart.
(b) Monthly average alternative, using an add-on control device.
Use a control device to reduce HAP emissions such that the monthly
average HAP emissions do not exceed the emission limitations in Table 2
of this subpart.
Emission Limitations for Puncture Sealant Application Affected
Sources
Sec. 63.5988 What emission limitations must I meet for puncture
sealant application affected sources?
(a) You must meet each emission limitation in Table 3 of this
subpart that applies to you.
(b) If you use an add-on control device to meet the emission
limitations in Table 3 of this subpart, you must also meet each
operating limit in Table 4 of this subpart that applies to you.
Sec. 63.5989 What are my alternatives for meeting the emission
limitations for puncture sealant application affected sources?
You must use one of the compliance alternatives in paragraph (a) or
(b) of this section to meet the emission limitations in Sec. 63.5988.
(a) Overall control efficiency alternative. Use an emissions
capture
[[Page 62435]]
system and control device and demonstrate that the application booth
emissions meet the emission limitations in Table 3 of this subpart, and
the control device and capture system meet the operating limits in
Table 4 of this subpart.
(b) Permanent total enclosure and control device efficiency
alternative. Use a permanent total enclosure that satisfies the Method
204 criteria in 40 CFR part 51. Demonstrate that the control device
reduces at least 86 percent of emissions for existing sources and 95
percent of emissions for new or reconstructed sources. You must also
show that the control device and capture system meet the operating
limits in Table 4 of this subpart.
General Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.5990 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
(a) You must be in compliance with the applicable emission
limitations specified in Tables 1 through 3 of this subpart at all
times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(b) Except as provided in Sec. 63.5982(b)(4), you must always
operate and maintain your affected source, including air pollution
control and monitoring equipment, according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) During the period between the compliance date specified for
your source in Sec. 63.5983 and the date upon which continuous
compliance monitoring systems have been installed and validated and any
applicable operating limits have been set, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the process and emission
control equipment.
General Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.5991 By what date must I conduct an initial compliance
demonstration or performance test?
(a) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, you must
conduct each required initial compliance demonstration or performance
test within 180 calendar days after the compliance date that is
specified for your new or reconstructed affected source in
Sec. 63.5983(a). If you are required to conduct a performance test, you
must do so according to the provisions of Sec. 63.7(a)(2).
(b) If you have an existing affected source, you must conduct each
required initial compliance demonstration or performance test no later
than the compliance date that is specified for your existing affected
source in Sec. 63.5983(b). If you are required to conduct a performance
test, you must do so according to the provisions of Sec. 63.7(a)(2).
(c) If you commenced construction or reconstruction between October
18, 2000, and the effective date of this subpart, you must demonstrate
initial compliance with either the proposed emission limitations or the
promulgated emission limitations no later than 180 calendar days after
the effective date of this subpart or within 180 calendar days after
startup of the source, whichever is later, according to
Sec. 63.7(a)(2)(ix).
Sec. 63.5992 When must I conduct subsequent performance tests?
If you use a control system (add-on control device and capture
system) to meet the emission limitations, you must also conduct a
performance test at least once per year following your initial
compliance demonstration to verify control system performance and
reestablish operating parameters for control systems used to comply
with the emissions limitations for tire production and tire cord
production, and to verify control system performance and reestablish
operating limits for control systems used to comply with the emissions
limitations and operating limits for puncture sealant application.
Sec. 63.5993 What performance tests and other procedures must I use?
(a) If you use a control system to meet the emission limitations,
you must conduct each performance test in Table 5 of this subpart that
applies to you.
(b) Each performance test must be conducted according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the specific conditions
specified in Table 5 of this subpart.
(c) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction, as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(1).
(d) You must conduct three separate test runs for each performance
test required in this section, as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(1), unless
otherwise specified in the test method. Each test run must last at
least 1 hour.
(e) If you are complying with the emission limitations using a
control system, you must also conduct performance tests according to
the requirements in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section as
they apply to you.
(1) Capture efficiency by permanent or temporary total enclosure.
Determine the capture efficiency (CE) of a capture system by using one
of the procedures in Table 5 of this subpart.
(2) Capture efficiency by an alternative method. As an alternative
to constructing a permanent or temporary total enclosure, you may
determine the capture efficiency using any capture efficiency protocol
and test methods if the data satisfy the criteria of either the Data
Quality Objective or the Lower Confidence Limit approach in appendix A
to subpart KK of this part.
(3) Efficiency of an add-on control device. Use Table 5 of this
subpart to select the test methods for determining the efficiency of an
add-on control device.
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Tire Production
Affected Sources
Sec. 63.5994 How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire production
affected sources?
(a) Methods to determine the mass percent of each HAP in cements
and solvents. You must obtain the following information from the in-
house collection of information or from manufacturers or suppliers, as
appropriate. Use one of the methods specified in paragraph (a)(1) or
(2) of this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A of this part). Use Method 311 to
determine the mass percent organic HAP in cements and solvents.
(2) Alternative test method. Instead of using Method 311, you may
use an alternative test method once we have approved it. See
Sec. 63.7(f) for the procedure you must follow to submit an alternative
test method to us for approval.
(b) Methods to demonstrate compliance with the HAP constituent
emission limitations in Table 1 of this subpart (option 1). Use the
method in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to demonstrate initial and
continuous compliance with the applicable emission limitations for tire
production affected sources using the compliance alternative described
in Sec. 63.5985(a), purchase alternative. Use the equations in
paragraphs (b)(2) through (4) of this section to demonstrate initial
and continuous compliance with the emission limitations for tire
production affected sources using the monthly average compliance
alternatives described in Sec. 63.5985(b) and (c).
(1) Determine the mass percent of each HAP in each cement and
solvent according to the procedures in paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the daily HAP
emission rate when complying by using cements and solvents without
using an add-on control device such that the monthly average HAP
emissions do not exceed
[[Page 62436]]
the HAP constituent emission limits in Table 1 of this subpart (option
1).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.000
Where:
Eday = mass of the specific HAP emitted per total mass
cements and solvents from all cements and solvents used in tire
production in the day, grams per megagram.
HAPi = mass percent of the specific HAP, as-purchased, in
cement and solvent i, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of
this section.
TMASSi = total mass of cement and solvent i used in the day,
grams.
n = number of cements and solvents used in the day.
(3) Use Equation 2 of this section to calculate the daily HAP
emission rate when complying by using a control device to reduce HAP
emissions such that the monthly average HAP emissions do not exceed the
HAP constituent emission limits in Table 1 of this subpart (option 1).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.001
Where:
Eday = mass of the specific HAP emitted per total mass
cements and solvents used in tire production in the day, grams per
megagram.
HAPi = mass percent of the specific HAP in cement and
solvent i, as purchased, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of
this section for cements and solvents used in the day in processes that
are not routed to a control device.
TMASSi = total mass of cement and solvent i used in the day
in processes that are not routed to a control device, gram.
n = number of cements and solvents used in the day in processes that
are not routed to a control device.
HAPj = mass percent of the specific HAP, in cement and
solvent j, as-purchased, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of
this section, for cements and solvents used in the day in processes
that are routed to a control device during one or more hourly periods
when the control system is operating within the operating range
established during the performance test and when monitoring data are
collected.
TMASSj = total mass of cement and solvent j used in the day
in processes that are routed to a control device during all hourly
periods when the control system is operating within the operating range
established during the performance test and when monitoring data are
collected, grams.
EFF = efficiency of the control system (capture system efficiency x
control device efficiency), percent.
m = number of cements and solvents used in the day that are routed to a
control device during hourly periods when the control device is
operating within the operating range established during the performance
test.
HAPk = mass percent of the specific HAP, as-purchased, in
cement and solvent, as purchased, determined in accordance with
paragraph (a) of this section, for cements and solvents used during the
day in processes that are routed to a control device during one or more
hourly periods when either the control system is not operating within
the operating range established during the performance test or when
monitoring data are not collected.
TMASSk = total mass of cement or solvent k used in the day
in processes that are routed to a control device during all hourly
periods when either the control system is not operating within the
operating range established during the performance test or when
monitoring data are not collected, grams.
p = number of cements and solvents used in the day that are routed to a
control device during hourly periods when either the control system is
not operating within the operating range established during the
performance test or when monitoring data are not collected.
(4) Use Equation 3 of this section to calculate the monthly
average.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.002
[[Page 62437]]
Where:
Eavg = monthly average of the emission rate of the specific
HAP, grams per megagram.
Eday,i = emission rate of the specific HAP for day i, grams
per megagram.
TMASSday,i = total mass of cements and solvents used in day
i, megagrams.
n = number of operating days in the month.
(c) Methods to demonstrate compliance with the production-based
emission limitation in Table 1 of this subpart (option 2). Use the
methods and equations in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of this section
to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the production-
based emission limitations for tire production affected sources using
the compliance alternatives described in Sec. 63.5985(b) and (c).
(1) Methods to determine the mass percent of each HAP in cements
and solvents. Determine the mass percent of each HAP in cements and
solvents using the applicable methods specified in paragraph (a) of
this section.
(2) Quantity of rubber processed into tires. Determine your
quantity of rubber processed into tires (megagrams) by accounting for
the total mass of rubber that enters all processes subsequent to the
mixing process.
(3) Compliance without use of an add-on control device. If you do
not use an add-on control device to meet the emission limitations, use
Equation 1 of this section to calculate grams of HAP emitted per
megagram of rubber processed into tires, using the quantity of rubber
processed into tires per day (megagrams), RMASS, as determined in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section in place of the TMASS variables in the
denominator.
(4) Compliance with use of an add-on control device. If you use a
control device to meet the emission limitations, use Equation 2 of this
section to calculate grams of HAP emitted per megagram of rubber
processed into tires, using the quantity of rubber processed into tires
per day (megagrams), RMASS, as determined in paragraph (c)(2) of this
section in place of the TMASS variables in the denominator.
(5) Monthly average calculation. Use Equation 3 of this section to
calculate the monthly average grams of emissions per megagram of rubber
processed into tires, except substitute the quantity of rubber process
per day (megagrams), RMASS, for the TMASS variable in the denominator.
(d) Specific performance test requirements for tire production
affected sources.
(1) Conduct any required performance tests according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.5993.
(2) If you are demonstrating compliance with the HAP constituent
option in Table 1 of this subpart (option 1), conduct the performance
tests using cements and solvents that are representative of cements and
solvents typically used at your tire production affected source.
(3) Establish an operating range that corresponds to the control
efficiency as described in Table 5 of this subpart.
(e) How to take credit for HAP emissions reductions from add-on
control devices. If you want to take credit in Equation 2 of this
section for HAP emissions reduced using a control system (EFF), you
must meet the requirements in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) Monitor the established operating parameters as appropriate.
(i) If you use a thermal oxidizer, monitor the firebox secondary
chamber temperature.
(ii) If you use a carbon adsorber, monitor the total regeneration
stream mass or volumetric flow for each regeneration cycle and the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and within 15 minutes of
completing any cooling cycle.
(iii) If you use a control device other than a thermal oxidizer or
a regenerative carbon adsorber, install and operate a continuous
parameter monitoring system according to your site-specific performance
test plan submitted according to Sec. 63.7(c)(2)(i).
(iv) If you use a permanent total enclosure, monitor the face
velocity across the natural draft openings (NDOs) in the enclosure.
Also, if you use an enclosure, monitor to ensure that the sizes of the
NDOs have not changed, that there are no new NDOs, and that a HAP
emission source has not been moved closer to an NDO since the last
performance test was conducted.
(v) If you use other capture systems, monitor the parameters
identified in your monitoring plan.
(2) Maintain the operating parameters within the operating range
established during the performance test.
(f) How to take credit for HAP emissions reductions when streams
are combined. When performing material balances to demonstrate
compliance, if the storage of materials, exhaust, or the wastewater
from more than one affected source are combined at the point where
control systems are applied, any credit for emissions reductions needs
to be prorated among the affected sources based on the a ratio of their
contribution to the uncontrolled emissions.
Sec. 63.5995 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
(a) For each operating parameter that you are required by
Sec. 63.5994(e)(1) to monitor, you must install, operate, and maintain
a continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) according to the
requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period.
(2) Determine the hourly average of all recorded readings.
(3) Determine the daily average of all recorded readings for each
operating day.
(4) Determine the monthly average for each monthly period during
the semiannual reporting period described in Table 15 of this subpart.
(5) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(b) For each temperature monitoring device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraph (a) and in paragraphs (b)(1) through (8) of
this section.
(1) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(2) For a non-cryogenic temperature range, use a temperature sensor
with a minimum tolerance of 2.2 degrees centigrade or 0.75 percent of
the temperature value, whichever is larger.
(3) For a cryogenic temperature range, use a temperature sensor
with a minimum tolerance of 2.2 degrees centigrade or 2 percent of the
temperature value, whichever is larger.
(4) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(5) If a chart recorder is used, it must have a sensitivity in the
minor division of at least 20 degrees Fahrenheit.
(6) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed near the process temperature sensor must yield a reading
within 16.7 degrees centigrade of the process temperature sensor's
reading.
(7) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(8) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity and all
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
[[Page 62438]]
(c) For each integrating regeneration stream flow monitoring device
associated with a carbon adsorber, you must meet the requirements in
paragraph (a) and in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Use a device that has an accuracy of 10 percent or
better.
(2) Use a device that is capable of recording the total
regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow for each regeneration
cycle.
(d) For any other control device, or for other capture systems,
ensure that the CPMS is operated according to a monitoring plan
submitted to the Administrator with the compliance status report
required by Sec. 63.9(h). The monitoring plan must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (d)(1) through (3) of this section.
Conduct monitoring in accordance with the plan submitted to the
Administrator unless comments received from the Administrator require
an alternate monitoring scheme.
(1) Identify the operating parameter to be monitored to ensure that
the control or capture efficiency measured during the initial
compliance test is maintained.
(2) Discuss why this parameter is appropriate for demonstrating
ongoing compliance.
(3) Identify the specific monitoring procedures.
(e) For each pressure differential monitoring device, you must meet
the requirements in paragraph (a) and in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of
this section.
(1) Conduct a quarterly Method 2 procedure on the applicable NDOs
and use the results to calibrate the pressure monitor if the difference
in results are greater than 10 percent.
(2) Inspect the NDOs monthly to ensure that their size has not
changed, that there are no new NDOs, and that no HAP sources have been
moved closer to the NDOs than when the last performance test was
conducted.
Sec. 63.5996 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for tire production affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with each emission
limitation that applies to you according to Table 6 of this subpart.
(b) You must submit the Notification of Compliance Status
containing the results of the initial compliance demonstration
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.6009(e).
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Tire Cord
Production Affected Sources
Sec. 63.5997 How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire cord
production affected sources?
(a) Methods to determine the mass percent of each HAP in coatings.
You must obtain the following information from the in-house collection
of information or from manufacturers or suppliers, as appropriate. Use
the methods specified in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A of the part). Use Method 311 to
determine the mass percent organic HAP in coatings.
(2) Alternative test method. Instead of using Method 311, you may
use an alternative test method once we have approved it. See
Sec. 63.7(f) for the procedure you must follow to submit an alternative
method to us for approval.
(b) Methods to determine compliance with the emission limitations
in Table 2 of this subpart. Use the following equations to demonstrate
initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations for
tire cord production sources using the compliance alternatives
described in Sec. 63.5987(a) and (b).
(1) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the daily HAP
emission rate when complying by using coatings without using an add-on
control device such that the monthly average HAP emissions do not
exceed the emission limits in Table 2 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.003
Where:
Eday = mass of the specific HAP emitted per total mass of
fabric processed in the day, grams per megagram.
HAPi = mass percent of the specific HAP, as-purchased, in
the coating i, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this
section.
TCOATi = total mass of coating i used in the day, grams.
n = number of coatings used in the day.
TFAB = total mass of fabric processed in the day, megagrams.
(2) Use Equation 2 of this section to calculate the HAP emission
rate when complying by using an add-on control device.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.004
Where:
Eday = mass of the specific HAP emitted per total mass of
fabric processed in the day, grams per megagram.
HAPi = mass percent of the specific HAP in coating i, as-
purchased, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,
for coatings used in the day in processes that are not routed to a
control device.
TCOATi = total mass of coating i used in the day in
processes that are not routed to a control device, grams.
n = number of coatings used in the day in processes that are not routed
to a control device.
HAPj = mass percent of the specific HAP in coating j, as-
purchased, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,
for coatings used in the day in processes that are routed to a control
device during one or more hourly periods when the control system is
operating within the operating range established during the performance
test and when monitoring data are collected.
TCOATj = total mass of coating j used in the day in
processes that are routed to a control device during all hourly periods
when the control system is operating within the operating range
established during the performance test and when monitoring data are
not collected, grams.
EFF = efficiency of the control system (capture system efficiency *
control device efficiency), percent.
m = number of coatings used in the day that are routed to a control
device during hourly periods when the control device is operating
within the operating range established during the performance test.
HAPk = mass percent of the specific HAP in coating k, as-
purchased, determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,
for coatings used in the day in processes that are routed to a
[[Page 62439]]
control device during one or more hourly periods when either the
control system is not operating within the operating range established
during the performance test or when monitoring data are not collected.
TCOATk = total mass of coating k used in the day in
processes that are routed to a control device during all hourly periods
when either the control system is not operating within the operating
range established during the performance test or when monitoring data
are collected, grams.
p = number of coatings used in the day that are routed to a control
device during all hourly periods when either the control system is not
operating within the operating range established during the performance
test or when monitoring data are not collected.
TFAB = total mass of fabric processed in the day, megagrams.
(3) Use Equation 3 of this section to calculate the monthly
average.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.005
Where:
Eavg = monthly average of the emission rate of the specific
HAP, grams per megagram.
Eday,i = emission rate of the specific HAP for day i, grams
per megagram.
TFABday,i = total mass of fabric processed during day i,
megagrams.
n = number of operating days in the month.
(c) Specific performance test requirements for tire cord production
affected sources.
(1) Conduct any required performance tests according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.5993.
(2) Conduct the performance test using a coating from the list of
coatings described in Sec. 63.6011(c)(7), with average mass percent HAP
that is representative of the coatings typically used at your tire cord
production affected source.
(3) Establish an operating range that corresponds to the control
efficiency as described in Table 5 of this subpart.
(d) How to take credit for HAP emissions reductions from add-on
control devices. If you want to take credit in Equation 2 of this
section for HAP emissions reduced using a control system (EFF), you
must meet the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) Monitor the established operating parameters as appropriate.
(i) If you use a thermal oxidizer, monitor continuously the firebox
secondary chamber temperature.
(ii) If you use a carbon adsorber, monitor the total regeneration
stream mass or volumetric flow for each regeneration cycle and the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and within 15 minutes of
completing any cooling cycle.
(iii) If you use a control device other than a thermal oxidizer or
a regenerative carbon adsorber, install and operate a continuous
parameter monitoring system according to your site-specific performance
test plan submitted according to Sec. 63.7(c)(2)(i).
(iv) If you use a permanent total enclosure, monitor the face
velocity across the NDOs in the enclosure. Also, if you use an
enclosure, monitor to ensure that the sizes of the NDOs have not
changed, that there are no new NDOs, and that a HAP emission source has
not been moved closer to an NDO since the last performance test was
conducted.
(v) If you use other capture systems, monitor the parameters
identified in your monitoring plan.
(2) Maintain the operating parameter within the operating range
established during the performance test.
(e) How to take credit for HAP emissions reductions when streams
are combined. When performing material balances to demonstrate
compliance, if the storage of materials, exhaust, or the wastewater
from more than one affected source are combined at the point where
control systems are applied, any credit for emissions reductions needs
to be prorated among the affected sources based on the a ratio of their
contribution to the uncontrolled emissions.
Sec. 63.5998 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
For each operating parameter that you are required by
Sec. 63.5997(d) to monitor, you must install, operate, and maintain a
continuous parameter monitoring system according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.5995(a) through (e).
Sec. 63.5999 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with each emission
limitation that applies to you according to Table 7 of this subpart.
(b) You must submit the Notification of Compliance Status
containing the results of the initial compliance demonstration
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.6009(e).
Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements for Puncture Sealant
Application Affected Sources
Sec. 63.6000 How do I conduct tests and procedures for puncture
sealant application affected sources?
(a) Follow the test procedures described in Sec. 63.5993 to
determine the overall control efficiency of your system.
(b) You must also meet the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) Conduct the performance test using a puncture sealant with an
average mass percent HAP that is representative of the puncture
sealants typically used at your puncture sealant application affected
source.
(2) Establish all applicable operating limit ranges that correspond
to the control system efficiency as described in Table 5 of this
subpart.
(c) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the overall
efficiency of the control system. If you have a permanent total
enclosure that satisfies EPA Method 204 criteria, assume 100 percent
capture efficiency for variable F.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP18OC00.006
Where:
R = overall control system efficiency.
F = capture efficiency of the capture system on add-on control device,
percent.
E = control efficiency of add-on control device k, percent.
(d) Monitor the established operating limits as appropriate.
(1) If you use a thermal oxidizer, monitor the firebox secondary
chamber temperature.
(2) If you use a carbon adsorber, monitor the total regeneration
stream mass or volumetric flow for each regeneration cycle and the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and within 15 minutes of
completing any cooling cycle.
(3) For each control device used other than a thermal oxidizer or a
regenerative carbon adsorber, install and operate a continuous
parameter monitoring system according to your site-specific performance
test plan submitted according to Sec. 63.7(c)(2)(i).
(4) If you use a permanent total enclosure, monitor the face
velocity across the NDOs in the enclosure. Also, if you use an
enclosure, monitor to ensure that the sizes of the NDOs have not
changed, that there are no new NDOs, and that a HAP emission source has
not been moved closer to an NDO since the last performance test was
conducted.
[[Page 62440]]
(5) If you use other capture systems, monitor the parameters
identified in your monitoring plan.
(e) Maintain the operating parameter within the operating range
established during the performance test.
Sec. 63.6001 What are my monitoring installation, operation, and
maintenance requirements?
(a) For each operating limit that you are required by
Sec. 63.6000(b)(2) to monitor, you must install, operate, and maintain
a continuous parameter monitoring system according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.5995(a) through (e).
Sec. 63.6002 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations for puncture sealant application affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with each emission
limitation that applies to you according to Table 8 of this subpart.
(b) You must submit the Notification of Compliance Status
containing the results of the initial compliance demonstration
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.6009(e).
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Tire Production Affected
Sources
Sec. 63.6003 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate
continuous compliance with the emission limitations for tire production
affected sources?
(a) You must monitor and collect data as specified in Table 9 of
this subpart.
(b) Except for periods of monitoring malfunctions, associated
repairs, and required quality assurance or control activities
(including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and
span adjustments), you must monitor continuously (or collect data at
all required intervals) while the affected source is operating.
(c) In data average calculations and calculations used to report
emission or operating levels, you may not use data recorded during
periods of monitoring malfunctions or associated repairs, or recorded
during required quality assurance or control activities. Nor may such
data be used in fulfilling any applicable minimum data availability
requirement. You must use all the data collected during all other
periods in assessing the operation of the control device and associated
control system.
Sec. 63.6004 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for tire production affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each applicable
limitation in Table 1 of this subpart using the methods specified in
Table 10 of this subpart.
(b) You must report each instance in which you did not meet an
emission limitation in Table 1 of this subpart. You must also report
each instance in which you did not meet the applicable requirements in
Table 10 of this subpart. These instances are deviations from the
emission limitations in this subpart. The deviations must be reported
in accordance with the requirements in Sec. 63.6010(e).
(c) You also must meet the following requirements if you are
complying with the purchase alternative for tire production sources
described in Sec. 63.5984(a).
(1) If, after you submit the Notification of Compliance Status, you
use a cement or solvent for which you have not previously verified
percent HAP mass using the methods in Sec. 63.5994(a), you must verify
that each cement and solvent used in the affected source meets the
emission limit, using any of the methods in Sec. 63.5994(a).
(2) You must update the list of all the cements and solvents used
at the affected source.
(3) With the compliance report for the reporting period during
which you used the new cement or solvent, you must submit the updated
list of all cements and solvents and a statement certifying that, as
purchased, each cement and solvent used at the affected source during
the reporting period met the emission limitations in Table 1 of this
subpart.
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Tire Cord Production
Affected Sources
Sec. 63.6005 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate
continuous compliance with the emission limitations for tire cord
production affected sources?
(a) You must monitor and collect data as specified in Table 11 of
this subpart.
(b) You must monitor and collect data according to the requirements
in Sec. 63.6003(b) and (c).
Sec. 63.6006 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for tire cord production affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each applicable
emission limitation in Table 2 of this subpart using the methods
specified in Table 12 of this subpart.
(b) You must report each instance in which you did not meet an
applicable emission limitation in Table 2 of this subpart. You must
also report each instance in which you did not meet the applicable
requirements in Table 12 of this subpart. These instances are
deviations from the emission limitations in this subpart. The
deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in
Sec. 63.6010(e).
Continuous Compliance Requirements for Puncture Sealant Application
Affected Sources
Sec. 63.6007 How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate
continuous compliance with the emission limitations for puncture
sealant application affected sources?
(a) You must monitor and collect data as specified in Table 13 of
this subpart.
(b) You must monitor and collect data according to the requirements
in Sec. 63.6003(b) and (c).
Sec. 63.6008 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations for puncture sealant application affected sources?
(a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each applicable
emission limitation in Tables 3 and 4 of this subpart using the methods
specified in Table 14 of this subpart.
(b) You must report each instance in which you did not meet an
applicable emission limitation in Table 3 of this subpart. You must
also report each instance in which you did not meet the applicable
requirements in Table 14 of this subpart. These instances are
deviations from the emission limitations in this subpart. The
deviations must be reported in accordance with the requirements in
Sec. 63.6010(e).
Notifications, Reports, and Records
Sec. 63.6009 What notifications must I submit and when?
(a) You must submit all of the notifications in Secs. 63.7(b) and
(c), 63.8(f)(4) and (6), and 63.9 (b) through (e) and (h) that apply to
you by the dates specified.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.9(b)(2), if you startup your affected
source before the effective date of this subpart, you must submit an
Initial Notification not later than 120 calendar days after the
effective date of this subpart.
(c) As specified in Sec. 63.9(b)(3), if you startup your new or
reconstructed affected source on or after the effective date, you must
submit an Initial Notification not later than 120 calendar days after
you become subject to this subpart.
(d) If you are required to conduct a performance test, you must
submit a notification of intent to conduct a performance test at least
60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to begin as
required in Sec. 63.7(b)(1).
[[Page 62441]]
(e) If you are required to conduct a performance test, design
evaluation, or other initial compliance demonstration as specified in
Tables 5 through 8 of this subpart, you must submit a Notification of
Compliance Status according to Sec. 63.9(h)(2)(ii). The Notification
must contain the information listed in Table 15 of this subpart for
compliance reports.
(1) For each initial compliance demonstration required in Table 6
or 7 of this subpart that does not include a performance test, you must
submit the Notification of Compliance Status before the close of
business on the 30th calendar day following the completion of the
initial compliance demonstration.
(2) For each initial compliance demonstration required in Tables 6
through 8 of this subpart that includes a performance test conducted
according to the requirements in Table 5 of this subpart, you must
submit the Notification of Compliance Status, including the performance
test results, before the close of business on the 60th calendar day
following the completion of the performance test according to
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
(f) For each tire production affected source, the Notification of
Compliance Status must also identify the emission limitation option in
Sec. 63.5984 and the compliance alternative in Sec. 63.5985 that you
have chosen to meet.
(g) For each tire production affected source complying with the
purchase compliance alternative in Sec. 63.5985(a), the Notification of
Compliance Status must also include the information listed in
paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) A list of each cement and solvent, as-purchased, that is used
at the affected source and the manufacturer or supplier of each.
(2) The individual HAP content (percent by mass) of each cement and
solvent as applied that is used.
(h) For each tire production or tire cord production affected
source using a control device, the Notification of Compliance Status
must also include the information in paragraphs (h)(1) and (2) of this
section for each operating parameter in Secs. 63.5994(e)(1) and
63.5997(d)(1) that applies to you.
(1) The operating parameter value averaged over the full period of
the performance test (for example, average secondary chamber firebox
temperature over the period of the performance test was 1,500 degrees
Fahrenheit).
(2) The operating parameter range within which HAP emissions are
reduced to the level corresponding to meeting the applicable emission
limitations in Tables 1 and 2 of this subpart.
(i) For each puncture sealant application affected source, the
Notification of Compliance Status must include the information listed
in paragraphs (i)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) For each applicable operating parameter in Table 4 of this
subpart, the operating parameter value averaged over the full period of
the performance test.
(2) For each applicable operating parameter in Table 4 of this
subpart, the operating parameter range within which HAP emissions do
not exceed the levels in Table 3 of this subpart.
Sec. 63.6010 What reports must I submit and when?
(a) You must submit each applicable report in Table 15 of this
subpart.
(b) Unless the Administrator has approved a different schedule for
submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must submit each report
by the date in Table 15 of this subpart and according to the
requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) The first compliance report must cover the period beginning on
the compliance date that is specified for your affected source in
Sec. 63.5983 and ending on June 30 or December 31, whichever date is
the first date following the end of the first calendar half after the
compliance date that is specified for your source in Sec. 63.5983.
(2) The first compliance report must be postmarked or delivered no
later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date follows the end of the
first calendar half after the compliance date that is specified for
your affected source in Sec. 63.5983.
(3) Each subsequent compliance report must cover the semiannual
reporting period from January 1 through June 30 or the semiannual
reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(4) Each subsequent compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(5) For each affected source that is subject to permitting subparts
pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the permitting
authority has established dates for submitting semiannual reports
pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you
may submit the first and subsequent compliance reports according to the
dates the permitting authority has established instead of according to
the dates in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section.
(c) The compliance report must contain information specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official, with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the accuracy of the content of the
report.
(3) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting
period.
(4) If there are no deviations from any emission limitations
(emission limit or operating limit) that applies to you, a statement
that there were no deviations from the emission limitations during the
reporting period.
(5) If there were no periods during which the operating parameter
monitoring systems were out-of-control as specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7),
a statement that there were no periods during which the operating
parameter monitoring systems or CPMS were out-of-control during the
reporting period.
(6) For each tire production affected source, the emission
limitation option in Sec. 63.5984 and the compliance alternative in
Sec. 63.5985 that you have chosen to meet.
(7) For each tire production affected source complying with the
purchase compliance alternative in Sec. 63.5985(a), for each annual
reporting period during which you use a cement and solvent that, as-
purchased, was not included in the list submitted with the Notification
of Compliance Status in Sec. 63.6009(e)(1), an updated list of all
cements and solvents used, as-purchased, at the affected source. You
must also include a statement certifying that each cement and solvent,
as-purchased, that was used at the affected source during the reporting
period, met the HAP constituent limits (option 1) in Table 1 of this
subpart.
(d) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit
or operating limit) that occurs at an affected source where you are not
using a CPMS to comply with the emission limitations in this subpart,
the compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (3) of this section and the information specified in paragraphs
(d)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The total operating time of each affected source during the
reporting period.
(2) Information on the number, duration, and cause of deviations
(including unknown cause, if applicable) and the corrective action
taken.
[[Page 62442]]
(e) Each affected source that has obtained a title V operating
permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71 must report all
deviations as defined in this subpart in the semiannual monitoring
report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a compliance report
pursuant to Table 10 of this subpart along with, or as part of, the
semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or
40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the compliance report includes all
required information concerning deviations from any emission limitation
(including any operating limit), or work practice requirement in this
subpart, submission of the compliance report shall be deemed to satisfy
any obligation to report the same deviations in the semiannual
monitoring report. However, submission of a compliance report shall not
otherwise affect any obligation the affected source may have to report
deviations from permit requirements to the permit authority.
(f) Upon notification to the Administrator that a tire production
affected source has eliminated or reformulated cement and solvent such
that the source can demonstrate compliance using the purchase
alternative in Sec. 63.5985(a), future compliance reports for this
affected source may be submitted annually as specified in paragraph
Sec. 63.6010(c)(7).
Sec. 63.6011 What records must I keep?
(a) You must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, including all documentation supporting any
Initial Notification or Notification of Compliance Status that you
submitted, according to the requirements in Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv).
(2) Records of performance tests as required in
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(viii).
(b) For each tire production affected source, you must keep the
records specified in Table 9 of this subpart to show continuous
compliance with each emission limitation that applies to you.
(c) For each tire cord production affected source, you must keep
the records specified in Table 11 of this subpart to show continuous
compliance with each emission limitation that applies to you.
(d) For each puncture sealant application affected source, you must
keep the records specified in Table 13 of this subpart to show
continuous compliance with each emission limitation that applies to
you.
Sec. 63.6012 In what form and how long must I keep my records?
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1).
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for
5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You can keep
the records offsite for the remaining 3 years.
Other Requirements and Information
Sec. 63.6013 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Table 17 of this subpart shows which parts of the General
Provisions in Secs. 63.1 through 63.13 apply to you.
Sec. 63.6014 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S.
EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal
agency. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if
this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are
retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not transferred
to the State, local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the emissions standards in
Secs. 63.5984, 63.5986, and 63.5988 under 63.6(g).
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under
Secs. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and 63.7(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f)
and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
Sec. 63.6015 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 40
CFR 63.2, the General Provisions, and in this section.
As-purchased means the condition of a cement and solvent as
delivered to the user, prior to any mixing, blending, or dilution.
Capture system means a hood, enclosed room, or other means of
collecting organic HAP emissions into a closed-vent system that conveys
these emissions to a control device.
Cements and solvents means the collection of all organic chemicals,
mixtures of chemicals, and compounds used in the production of rubber
tires, including cements, solvents, and mixtures thereof as process
aides in storage tanks, wastewater, and research and development areas.
Cements and solvents include, but are not limited to, tread end
cements, undertread cements, bead cements, tire building cements and
solvents, green tire spray, blemish repair paints, side wall protective
paints, marking inks, general cleaning solvents, and slab dip mixtures.
Cements and solvents do not include coatings used in tire cord
production, puncture sealant application, or chemicals and compounds
that are not used in the tire production process such as restroom
cleaning compounds, office supplies (e.g., dry-erase markers,
correction fluid), architectural paint, or any substance to the extent
it is used for personal, family, or household purposes, or is present
in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for
distribution to and use by the general public.
Coating means a compound or mixture of compounds that is applied to
a fabric substrate in the tire cord production operation that allows
the fabric to be prepared (e.g., by heating, setting, curing) for
incorporation into a rubber tire.
Components of rubber tires means any piece or part used in the
manufacture of rubber tires that becomes an integral portion of the
rubber tire when manufacture is complete and includes rubber compounds,
sidewalls, tread, tire beads, and liners. Other components often
associated with rubber tires such as wheels, valve stems, and inner
tubes are not considered components of rubber tires for the purposes of
these standards. Tire cord and puncture sealant, although components of
rubber tires, are considered as separate affected sources in these
standards and are defined separately.
Control device means a combustion device, recovery device,
recapture device, or any combination of these devices used for
recovering or oxidizing organic hazardous air pollutant vapors. Such
equipment includes, but is not limited to, absorbers, carbon adsorbers,
[[Page 62443]]
condensers, incinerators (oxidizers), flares, boilers, and process
heaters.
Control system efficiency means the product of the organic HAP
emissions recovered or destroyed by a control device (in percent) and
the total organic HAP emissions that are captured and conveyed to the
control device (as a percent).
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source, subject
to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limitation
(including any operating limit), or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limitation (including any operating
limit) or work practice standard in this subpart during startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is
permitted by this subpart.
Emission limitation means any emission limit, opacity limit,
operating limit, or visible emission limit.
Mixed rubber compound means the material, commonly referred to as
rubber, from which rubber tires and components of rubber tires are
manufactured. For the purposes of this definition, mixed rubber
compound refers to the compound that leaves the primary rubber mixing
process (for example, banburys) and is then processed into components
from which rubber tires are manufactured.
Operating day means the period defined in the Notification of
Compliance Status. It may be from midnight to midnight or a portion of
a 24-hour period.
Monthly operating period means the period in the Notification of
Compliance Status comprised of the number of operating days in the
month.
Primary rubber mixing means the physical process of combining
components to make mixed rubber compound. Internal process mixing may
occur at a facility that produces rubber tires or components of rubber
tires or at a stand-alone facility that then transfers the mixed rubber
compound to a facility that produces rubber tires or components of
rubber tires.
Puncture sealant means a mixture that may include solvent
constituents, rubber, and process oil that is applied to the inner
liner of a finished tire for the purpose of sealing any future hole
which might occur in the tread when an object penetrates the tire.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Rubber means the compound of components (for example, natural
rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black, oils, sulfur) that are combined
in specific formulations for the sole purpose of making rubber tires or
components of rubber tires.
Rubber processed means the amount in pounds of rubber delivered to
the tire component and tire processing operations in a tire
manufacturing facility (e.g., warm-up mills, extruders, calendars, or
other tire component and tire manufacturing equipment).
Rubber tire means a continuous solid or pneumatic cushion typically
encircling a wheel and usually consisting, when pneumatic, of an
external rubber covering.
Tire cord means any fabric (for example, polyester, cotton, steel)
that is treated with a coating mixture that allows the fabric to more
readily accept impregnation with rubber to become an integral part of a
rubber tire.
Tables to Subpart XXXX of Part 63
Table 1 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Tire Production
Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option* Emission limitation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option 1--HAP Constituent Option...... 1. Emissions of each HAP in
Table 16 of this subpart must
not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per
megagram (2 pounds per ton) of
total cements and solvents
used at the tire production
affected source, and
2. Emissions of each HAP not in
Table 16 of this subpart must
not exceed 10,000 grams HAP
per megagram (20 pounds per
ton) of total cements and
solvents used at the tire
production affected source.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option 2--Production-based Option..... Emissions of HAP must not
exceed 0.024 grams per
megagram (0.00005 pounds per
ton) of rubber processed into
tires at the tire production
affected source.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* For each new, reconstructed, or existing tire production affected
source, you must meet either the emission limitations in option 1 or
the emission limitation in option 2.
You must comply with the emission limitations for tire cord
production affected sources in the following table:
Table 2 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Tire Cord Production
Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet the following
For each. . . emission limitations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Existing tire cord production Emissions must not exceed 280
affected source. grams HAP per megagram (0.56
pounds per ton) of fabric
processed at the tire cord
production affected source.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. New or reconstructed tire cord Emissions must not exceed 220
production affected source. grams HAP per megagram (0.43
pounds per ton) of fabric
processed at the tire cord
production affected source.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the emission limitations for puncture sealant
application affected sources in the following table:
[[Page 62444]]
Table 3 to Subpart XXXX--Emission Limitations for Puncture Sealant
Application Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet the following
For each. . . emission limitation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Existing puncture sealant Reduce spray booth emissions by
application spray booth. at least 86 percent by weight.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. New or reconstructed puncture Reduce spray booth emissions by
sealant application spray booth. at least 95 percent by weight.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the operating limits for puncture sealant
application affected sources in the following table:
Table 4 to Subpart XXXX--Operating Limits for Puncture Sealant
Application Control Devices
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For each. . . You must. . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thermal oxidizer to which puncture Maintain the daily average
sealant application spray booth firebox secondary chamber
emissions are ducted. temperature within the
operating range established
during the performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Carbon adsorber (regenerative) to a. Maintain the total
which puncture sealant application regeneration mass, volumetric
spray booth emissions are ducted. flow, and carbon bed
temperature at the operating
range established during the
performance test.
b. Reestablish the carbon bed
temperature to the levels
established during the
performance test within 15
minutes of each cooling cycle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Other type of control device to Maintain your operating
which puncture sealant application parameter(s) within the
spray booth emissions are ducted. range(s) established during
the performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Permanent total enclosure capture a. Maintain the face velocity
system. across any natural draft
openings (NDOs) at least at
the levels established during
the performance test.
b. Maintain the size of NDOs,
the number of NDOs, and their
proximity to HAP emission
sources consistent with the
parameters established during
the performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Other capture system............... Maintain the operating
parameters identified in the
monitoring plan and
established during the
performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the requirements for performance tests for
existing, new, or reconstructed affected sources in the following
table:
Table 5 to Subpart XXXX.--Requirements for Performance Tests for Existing, New, or Reconstructed Affected
Sources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
According to the
If you are using . . . You must . . . Using . . . following requirements
. . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. A thermal oxidizer............ Measure total HAP Method 25 or 25A a. Measure total HAP
emissions, determine performance test and emissions and determine
destruction efficiency data from the the destruction
of the control device, temperature monitoring efficiency of the
and establish a site- system. control device using
specific firebox Method 25. You may use
secondary chamber method 25A, if (i) an
temperature limit at exhaust gas volatile
which the emission limit organic matter
that applies to the concentration of 50
affected source is parts per million
achieved. (ppmv) or less is
required to comply with
the standard, (ii) the
volatile organic matter
concentration at the
inlet to the control
system and the required
level of control are
such to result in
exhaust volatile
organic matter
concentration of 50
ppmv or less, or (iii)
because of the high
efficiency of the
control device exhaust
is 50 ppmv or less,
regardless of the inlet
concentration.
b. Collect firebox
secondary chamber
temperature data every
15 minutes during the
entire period of the
initial 3-hour
performance test, and
determine the average
firebox temperature
over the 3-hour
performance test by
computing the average
of all of the 15-minute
readings.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62445]]
2. A carbon adsorber Measure total organic HAP Method 25 or Method 25A a. Measure total HAP
(regenerative). emissions, establish the performance test and emissions using Method
total regeneration mass data from the carbon 25. You may use Method
or volumetric flow, and bed temperature 25A, if (i) an exhaust
establish the monitoring device. gas volatile organic
temperature of the matter concentration of
carbon bed within 15 50 parts per million
minutes of completing (ppmv) or less is
any cooling cycles. The required to comply with
total regeneration mass, the standard, (ii) the
volumetric flow, and volatile organic matter
carbon bed temperature concentration at the
must be those at which inlet to the control
the emission limit that system and the required
applies to the affected level of control are
source is achieved. such to result in
exhaust volatile
organic matter
concentrations of 50
ppmv or less, or (iii)
because of the high
efficiency of the
control device exhaust
is 50 ppmv or less,
regardless of the inlet
concentration.
b. Collect carbon bed
total regeneration mass
or volumetric flow for
each carbon bed
regeneration cycle
during the performance
test.
c. Record the maximum
carbon bed temperature
data for each carbon
bed regeneration cycle
during the performance
test.
d. Record the carbon bed
temperature within 15
minutes of each cooling
cycle during the
performance test.
e. Determine the average
total regeneration mass
or the volumetric flow
over the 3-hour
performance test by
computing the average
of all of the readings.
f. Determine the average
maximum carbon bed
temperature over the 3-
hour performance test
by computing the
average of all of the
readings.
g. Determine the average
carbon bed temperature
within 15 minutes of
the cooling cycle over
the 3-hour performance
test by computing the
average of all of the
readings.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Any control device other than Determine control device EPA-approved methods and Conduct the performance
a thermal oxidizer or carbon efficiency and establish data from the test according to the
adsorber. operating parameter continuous parameter site-specific plan
limits with which you monitoring system. submitted according to
will demonstrate Sec. 63.7(c)(2)(i).
continuous compliance
with the emission limit
that applies to the
affect source.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. All control devices........... a. Select sampling port's Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR Locate sampling sites at
location and the number 60, appendix A. the inlet and outlet of
of traverse ports. the control device and
prior to any releases
to the atmosphere.
b. Determine velocity and Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D,
volumetric flow rate. 2F, or 2G of 40 CFR 60,
appendix A.
c. Conduct gas analysis.. Method 3, 3A, or 3B of
40 CFR 60, appendix A.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d. Measure Method 4 of
moisture 40 CFR 60,
appendix A.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. A permanent total enclosure Measure the face velocity Method 204, CFR part 51, Capture efficiency is
(PTE). across natural draft Appendix M. assumed to be 100
openings and document percent if the criteria
the design features of are met.
the enclosure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Temporary total enclosure Construct a temporarily Method 204 and the
(TTE). installed enclosure that appropriate combination
allows you to determine of Methods 204A-204F,
the efficiency of your 40 CFR part 51,
capture system and Appendix M.
establish operating
parameter limits.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62446]]
You must show initial compliance with the emission limitations for
tire production affected sources according to the following table:
Table 6 to Subpart XXXX.--Initial Compliance With the Emission
Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the following You have
For . . . emission limitation demonstrated initial
. . . compliance if . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with The HAP constituent You demonstrate for
the purchase compliance option in Table 1 each monthly period
alternative in Sec. of this subpart that no cements and
63.5985(a). (option 1). solvents were
purchased and used
at the affected
source containing
HAP in amounts
above the
composition limits
in Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a) and
(b)(1).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Sources complying with The HAP constituent You demonstrate that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
without using a control (option 1). each monthly
device in Sec. 63.5985(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a), (b)(2)
and (4).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Sources complying with The HAP constituent You demonstrate that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
using a control device in (option 1). each monthly
Sec. 63.5985(c). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a), (b)(3)
and (4), (d) and
(e).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Sources complying with The production-based You demonstrate that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
without use of a control (option 2). each monthly
device in Sec. 63.5985(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 2,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(c)(1)
through (3) and
(5).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Sources complying with The production-based You demonstrate that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
using a control device in (option 2). each monthly
Sec. 63.5985(c). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 2,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(c)(1) and
(2) through (5),
(d), and (e).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must show initial compliance with the emission limitations for
tire cord production affected sources according to the following table:
Table 7 to Subpart XXXX.--Initial Compliance With the Emission
Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the following You have
For . . . emission limitation demonstrated initial
. . . compliance if . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with In Table 2 of this You demonstrate that
the monthly average subpart. the monthly average
alternative without using HAP emissions for
an add-on control device each monthly
according to Sec. operating period do
63.5987(a). not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 2 of this
subpart, determined
according to the
procedures in Sec.
63.5997(a), (b)(1)
and (3).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Sources complying with In Table 2 of this You demonstrate that
the monthly average subpart. the monthly average
alternative using an add-on HAP emissions for
control device according to each monthly
Sec. 63.5987(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 2 of this
subpart, determined
according to the
procedures in Sec.
63.5997(a), (b)(2)
and (3), (c) and
(d).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must show initial compliance with the emission limitations for
puncture sealant application affected sources according to the
following table:
[[Page 62447]]
Table 8 to Subpart XXXX.--Initial Compliance With the Emission
Limitations for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the following You have
For . . . emission limitation demonstrated initial
. . . compliance if . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with In Table 3 of this You demonstrate that
the overall control subpart. you conducted the
efficiency alternative in performance tests
Sec. 63.5989(a). required by Sec.
63.6000, determined
the overall
efficiency of your
control system,
demonstrated that
the applicable
limits have been
achieved, and
established the
operating limits
for your equipment.
2. Sources complying with In Table 3 of this You demonstrate that
the permanent total subpart. you conducted the
enclosure and control performance tests
device efficiency required by Sec.
alternative in Sec. 63.6000, determined
63.5989(b). the individual
efficiencies of
your capture and
control systems,
demonstrated that
the applicable
limits have been
achieved, and
established the
operating limits
for your equipment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must maintain minimum data to show continuous compliance with
the emission limitations for tire production affected sources according
to the following table:
Table 9 to Subpart XXXX--Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance With the
Emission Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For . . . You must maintain . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with purchase a. A list of each cement and
compliance alternative in Sec. solvent as-purchased and the
63.5985(a) that are meeting the HAP manufacturer or supplier of
constituent emission limitation each.
(option 1) in Table 1 of this subpart. b. A record of Method 311, or
approved alternative method,
test results indicating the
mass percent of each HAP for
each compliance cement and
solvent as-purchased.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Sources complying with the monthly a. A record of the Method 311,
average compliance alternative without or approved alternative
using a control device in Sec. method, test results,
63.5985(b) that are meeting emission indicating the mass percent of
limitations in Table 1 of this subpart. each HAP for each cement and
solvent, as-purchased.
b. The mass of each cement and
solvent used each operating
day.
c. The total mass of rubber
processed into tires each
operating day (if complying
with the production-based
emission limitation, option 2,
in Table 1 of this subpart).
d. All data and calculations
used to determine the monthly
average mass percent for each
HAP for each operating month.
e. Monthly averages of
emissions in the appropriate
emission limitation format.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Sources complying with the monthly The same information as sources
average compliance alternative using a complying with the monthly
control device in Sec. 63.5985(c) average alternative that are
that are meeting emission limitations not using a control device,
in Table 1 of this subpart. except add records of
operating parameter values for
each monthly operating
parameter that applies to you.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must show continuous compliance with the emission limitations
for tire production affected sources according to the following table:
Table 10 to Subpart XXXX. --Continuous Compliance with the Emission
Limitations for Tire Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the following You must demonstrate
For . . . emission limitation continuous
. . . compliance by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with The HAP constituent Demonstrating for
purchase compliance option in Table 1 each monthly period
alternative in Sec. of this subpart that no cements and
63.5985(a). (option 1). solvents were
purchased and used
at the affected
source containing
HAP in amounts
above the
composition limits
in Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a) and
(b)(1).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62448]]
2. Sources complying with The HAP constituent Demonstrating that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
without using a control (option 1). each monthly
device in Sec. 63.5985(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a), (b)(2)
and (4).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Sources complying with The HAP constituent Demonstrating that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
using a control device in (option 1). each monthly
Sec. 63,5985(c). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 1,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(a), (b)(3)
and (4), (d) and
(e).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Sources complying with The production-based Demonstrating that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
without using a control (option 2). each monthly
device in Sec. 63.5985(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 2,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(c)(1)
through (3) and
(5).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Sources complying with The production-based Demonstrating that
the monthly average option in Table 1 the monthly average
compliance alternative of this subpart HAP emissions for
using a control device in (option 2). each monthly
Sec. 63.5985(c). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 2,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5994(c)(1) and
(2) through (5),
(d), and (e).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must maintain minimum data to show continuous compliance with
the emission limitations for tire cord production affected sources
according to the following table:
Table 11 to Subpart XXXX. --Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance with
the Emission Limitations for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For . . . You must maintain . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with the monthly a. A record of the Method 311,
average alternative without using an or approved alternative
add-on control device according to method, test results,
Sec. 63.5987(a) that are meeting indicating the mass percent of
emission limitations in Table 2 of each HAP for coating used.
this subpart. b. The mass of each coating
used each operating day.
c. The total mass of fabric
processed each operating day.
d. All data and calculations
used to determine the monthly
average mass percent for each
HAP for each operating month.
e. Monthly averages of
emissions in the appropriate
emission limitation format.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Sources complying with the monthly The same information as sources
average alternative using an add-on complying with the monthly
control device according to Sec. average alternative that are
63.5987(b) that are meeting emission not using a control device,
limitations in Table 2 of this subpart. except add records of
operating parameter values for
each operating parameter that
applies to you.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must show continuous compliance with the emission limitations
for tire cord production affected sources according to the following
table:
Table 12 to Subpart XXXX. --Continuous Compliance with the Emission
Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must demonstrate
For . . . For the following continuous
emission limit . . . compliance by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sources complying with In Table 2 of this Demonstrating that
the monthly average subpart. the monthly average
compliance alternative HAP emissions for
without use of a control each monthly
device in Sec. 63.5987(a). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 2 of this
subpart, determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5997(a), (b)(1)
and (3).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62449]]
2. Sources complying with In Table 2 of this Demonstrating that
the monthly average subpart. the monthly average
compliance alternative HAP emissions for
using a control device in each monthly
Sec. 63.5987(b). operating period do
not exceed the
emission limits in
Table 1 of this
subpart, option 2,
determined
according to the
applicable
procedures in Sec.
63.5997(a), (b)(2)
and (3), (c), and
(d).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must maintain minimum data to show continuous compliance with
the emission limitations for puncture sealant application affected
sources according to the following table:
Table 13 to Subpart XXXX.--Minimum Data for Continuous Compliance With
the Emission Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For . . . You must maintain . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each thermal oxidizer used to reduce Records of the secondary
HAP emissions so that they do not chamber firebox temperature
exceed the operating limits in Table 4 for 100 percent of the hours
of this subpart. during which the process was
operated.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Each carbon adsorber used to reduce Records of the total
HAP emissions so that they do not regeneration stream mass or
exceed the operating limits in Table 4 volumetric flow for each
of this subpart. regeneration cycle for 100
percent of the hours during
which the process was
operated, and a record of the
carbon bed temperature after
each regeneration, and within
15 minutes of completing any
cooling cycle for 100 percent
of the hours during which the
process was operated.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Other type of control device to Records of operating parameter
which puncture sealant application values for each operating
spray booth HAP emissions are ducted parameter that applies to you.
so that they do not exceed the
operating limits in Table 4 of this
subpart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Permanent total enclosure capture Records of the face velocity
system used to capture HAP emissions across any natural draft
so that they do not exceed the openings (NDOs), the size of
operating limits in Table 4 of this NDOs, the number of NDOs, and
subpart. their proximity to HAP
emission sources.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Other capture system used to capture Records of operating parameter
HAP emissions so that they do not values for each operating
exceed the operating limits in Table 4 parameter that applies to you.
of this subpart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must show continuous compliance with the emission limitations
for puncture sealant application affected sources according to the
following table:
Table 14 to Subpart XXXX.--Continuous Compliance With the Emission
Limits for Puncture Sealant Application Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must demonstrate continuous
For . . . compliance by . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Each carbon adsorber used to comply a. Monitoring and recording
with the emission limits in Table 3 of every 15 minutes the total
this subpart. regeneration stream mass OR
volumetric flow, and the
carbon bed temperature after
each regeneration, and within
15 minutes of completing any
cooling cycle, and
b. Maintaining the total
regeneration stream mass OR
the volumetric flow, and the
carbon bed temperature after
each regeneration, and within
15 minutes of completing any
cooling cycle within the
operating levels established
during your performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Each thermal oxidizer used to comply a. Continuously monitoring and
with the emission limits in Table 3 of recording the firebox
this subpart. temperature every 15 minutes,
and
b. Maintaining the daily
average firebox temperature
within the operating level
established during your
performance test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Other ``add-on'' control or capture Continuously monitoring and
system hardware used to comply with recording specified parameters
the emission limits in Table 3 of this identified through compliance
subpart. testing and identified in the
Notification of Compliance
Status.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must submit a compliance report semiannually according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.6010(b), unless you meet the requirements for
annual reporting in Sec. 63.6010(c)(7). The report must also include
the information in Sec. 63.6010(c)(1) through (8). The report must
include the following:
[[Page 62450]]
Table 15 to Subpart XXXX.--Requirements for Reports
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then you must submit a report
If . . . or statement that:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. There are no deviations from any There were no deviations from
emission limitations that apply to you. the emission limitations
during the reporting period.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. There were no periods during which There were no periods during
the operating parameter monitoring the which the CPMS were out-
systems were out-of-control as of-control during the
specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7). reporting period.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. There was a deviation from any Contains the information in
emission limitation during the Sec. 63.6010(c).
reporting period.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. There were periods during which the Contains the information in
operating parameter monitoring systems Sec. 63.6010(e).
were out-of-control, as specified in
Sec. 63.8(c)(7).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must use the information listed in the following table to
determine which emission limitation in Table 1 of this subpart is
applicable to you if own or operate a tire production affected source:
Table 16 to Subpart XXXX.--Selected Hazardous Air Pollutants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selected hazardous air
CAS No. pollutants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000.................................. Formaldehyde.
51796.................................. Ethyl carbamate (Urethane).
53963.................................. 2-Acetylaminofluorene.
56235.................................. Carbon tetrachloride.
57147.................................. 1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine.
57578.................................. beta-Propiolactone.
58899.................................. Lindane (all isomers).
59892.................................. N-Nitrosomorpholine.
60117.................................. Dimethyl aminoazobenzene.
62759.................................. N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
64675.................................. Diethyl sulfate.
67663.................................. Chloroform.
67721.................................. Hexachloroethane.
71432.................................. Benzene (including benzene from
gasoline).
75014.................................. Vinyl chloride.
75070.................................. Acetaldehyde.
75092.................................. Methylene chloride
(Dichloromethane).
75218.................................. Ethylene oxide.
75558.................................. 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl
aziridine).
75569.................................. Propylene oxide.
77781.................................. Dimethyl sulfate.
79061.................................. Acrylamide.
79447.................................. Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride.
79469.................................. 2-Nitropropane.
88062.................................. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.
91941.................................. 3,3-Dichlorobenzidene.
92671.................................. 4-Aminobiphenyl.
92875.................................. Benzidine.
95534.................................. o-Toluidine.
95807.................................. 2,4-Toluene diamine.
96128.................................. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.
96457.................................. Ethylene thiourea.
98077.................................. Benzotrichloride.
101144................................. 4,4-Methylene bis(2-
chloroaniline).
101779................................. 4,4-Methylenedianiline.
106467................................. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p).
106898................................. Epichlorohydrin (1-Chloro-2,3-
epoxypropane).
106934................................. Ethylene dibromide
(Dibromoethane).
106990................................. 1,3-Butadiene.
107062................................. Ethylene dichloride (1,2-
Dichloroethane).
107131................................. Acrylonitrile.
107302................................. Chloromethyl methyl ether.
117817................................. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
(DEHP).
118741................................. Hexachlorobenzene.
119904................................. 3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine.
119937................................. 3,3-Dimethyl benzidine.
122667................................. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine.
123911................................. 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-
Diethyleneoxide).
127184................................. Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloroethylene).
140885................................. Ethyl acrylate.
302012................................. Hydrazine.
542756................................. 1,3-Dichloropropene.
542881................................. Bis(chloromethyl)ether.
[[Page 62451]]
680319................................. Hexamethylphosphoramide.
684935................................. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea.
1120714................................ 1,3-Propane sultone.
1332214................................ Asbestos.
1336363................................ Polychlorinated biphenyls
(Aroclors).
1746016................................ 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin.
8001352................................ Toxaphene (chlorinated
camphene).
Arsenic Compounds.
Chromium Compounds.
Coke Oven Emissions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:
Table 17 to Subpart XXXX.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart XXXX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable to Subpart XXXX?
Brief description -------------------------------------
Citation Subject of applicable Using a control Not using a
sections device control device
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1...................... Applicability...... Initial Yes.............. Yes.
applicability
determination,
applicability
after standard
established,
permit
requirements,
extensions,
notifications.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.2...................... Definitions........ Definitions for Yes.............. Yes.
part 63 standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.3...................... Units and Units and Yes.............. Yes.
Abbreviations. abbreviations for
part 63 standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.4...................... Prohibited Prohibited Yes.............. Yes.
Activities. activities,
compliance date,
circumvention,
severability.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.5...................... Construction/ Applicability; Yes.............. Yes.
Reconstruction. applications;
approvals.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(a)................... Applicability...... GP apply unless Yes.............. Yes.
compliance
extension; GP
apply to area
sources that
become major.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(4)............ Compliance Dates Standards apply at Yes.............. Yes.
for New and effective date; 3
Reconstructed years after
Sources. effective date;
upon startup; 10
years after
construction or
reconstruction
commences for
section 112(f).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(b)(5)................ Notification....... Must notify if Yes.............. Yes.
commenced
construction or
reconstruction
after proposal.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(b)(6)................ [Reserved]......... ................... Yes.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(b)(7)................ Compliance Dates ................... No............... No.
for New and
Reconstructed Area
Sources that
Become Major.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(2)............ Compliance Dates 1. Comply according Yes.............. Yes.
for Existing to date in
Sources. subpart, which
must be no later
than 3 years after
effective date.
2. For section Yes.............. Yes.
112(f) standards,
comply within 90
days of effective
date unless
compliance
extension.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(c)(3)-(4)............ [Reserved]......... ................... Yes.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(c)(5)................ Compliance Dates Area sources that Yes.............. Yes.
for Existing Area become major must
Sources that comply with major
Become Major. source standards
by date indicated
in subpart or by
equivalent time
period (for
example, 3 years).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(d)................... [Reserved]......... ................... Yes.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2)............ Operation & 1. Operate to Yes.............. Yes
Maintenance. minimize emissions
at all times.
2. Correct Yes.............. Yes.
malfunctions as
soon as
practicable.
3. Operation and Yes.............. Yes.
maintenance
requirements
independently
enforceable;
information
Administrator will
use to determine
if operation and
maintenance
requirements were
met.
[[Page 62452]]
Sec. 63.6(e)(3)................ Startup, Shutdown, ................... No............... No.
and Malfunction
Plan (SSMP).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(f)(1)................ Compliance Except ................... No............... No.
During SSM.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3)............ Methods for Compliance based on Yes.............. Yes.
Determining performance test,
Compliance. operation and
maintenance plans,
records,
inspection.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3)............ Alternative Procedures for Yes.............. Yes.
Standard. getting an
alternative
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(h)................... Opacity/Visible ................... No............... No.
Emission (VE)
Standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(i)................... Compliance Procedures and Yes.............. Yes.
Extension. criteria for
Administrator to
grant compliance
extension.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(j)................... Presidential President may Yes.............. Yes.
Compliance exempt source
Exemption. category from
requirement to
comply with rule.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(a)(1)-(2)............ Performance Test ................... No............... No.
Dates.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(a)(3)................ Section 114 Administrator may Yes.............. No.
Authority. require a
performance test
under CAA section
114 at any time.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(b)(1)................ Notification of Must notify Yes.............. No.
Performance Test. Administrator 60
days before the
test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(b)(2)................ Notification of If rescheduling a Yes.............. No.
Rescheduling. performance test
is necessary, must
notify
Administrator 5
days before
scheduled date of
rescheduled date.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(c)................... Quality Assurance/ Requirement to
Test Plan. submit site-
specific test plan
60 days before the
test or on date
Administrator
agrees with:
1. Test plan Yes.............. No.
approval
procedures.
2. Performance Yes.............. No.
audit requirements.
3. Internal and Yes.............. No.
External quality
assurance
procedures for
testing.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(d)................... Testing Facilities. Requirements for Yes.............. No.
testing facilities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(e)(1)................ Conditions for 1. Performance Yes.............. No.
Conducting tests must be
Performance Tests. conducted under
representative
conditions.
2. Cannot conduct Yes.............. No.
performance tests
during SSM.
3. Not a violation Yes.............. No.
to exceed standard
during SSM.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)................ Conditions for Must conduct Yes.............. No.
Conducting according to rule
Performance Tests. and EPA test
methods unless
Administrator
approves
alternative.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(e)(3)................ Test Run Duration.. 1. Must have three Yes.............. No.
test runs of at
least 1 hour each.
2. Compliance is Yes.............. No.
based on
arithmetic mean of
three runs.
3. Conditions when Yes.............. No.
data from an
additional test
run can be used.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(f)................... Alternative Test Procedures by which Yes.............. No.
Method. Administrator can
grant approval to
use an alternative
test method.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(g)................... Performance Test 1. Must include raw Yes.............. No.
Data Analysis. data in
performance test
report.
2. Must submit Yes.............. No.
performance test
data 60 days after
end of test with
the Notification
of Compliance
Status.
3. Keep data for 5 Yes.............. Yes.
years.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(h)................... Waiver of Tests.... Procedures for Yes.............. No.
Administrator to
waive performance
test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)................ Applicability of Subject to all Yes.............. Yes.
Monitoring monitoring
Requirements. requirements in
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62453]]
Sec. 63.8(a)(2)................ Performance Performance Yes.............. No.
Specifications. Specifications in
appendix B of part
60 apply.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(a)(3)................ [Reserved]......... ................... Yes.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(a)(4)................ Monitoring with ................... No............... No.
Flares.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(b)(1)................ Monitoring......... Must conduct Yes.............. Yes.
monitoring
according to
standard unless
Administrator
approves
alternative.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(b)(2)-(3)............ Multiple Effluents 1. Specific Yes.............. Yes.
and Multiple requirements for
Monitoring Systems. installing
monitoring systems.
2. Must install on Yes.............. Yes.
each effluent
before it is
combined and
before it is
released to the
atmosphere unless
Administrator
approves otherwise.
3. If more than one Yes.............. Yes.
monitoring system
on an emission
point, must report
all monitoring
system results,
unless one
monitoring system
is a backup.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)................ Monitoring System Maintain monitoring Yes.............. No.
Operation and system in a manner
Maintenance. consistent with
good air pollution
control practices.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)(i)............. Routine and ................... No............... No.
Predictable SSM.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)(ii)............ SSM not in SSMP.... ................... No............... No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)(iii)........... Compliance with 1. How Yes.............. Yes.
Operation and Administrator
Maintenance determines if
Requirements. source complying
with operation and
maintenance
requirements.
2. Review of source Yes.............. Yes.
operation and
maintenance
procedures,
records,
manufacturer's
instructions,
recommendations,
and inspection of
monitoring system.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(2)-(3)............ Monitoring System 1. Must install to Yes.............. No.
Installation. get representative
emission and
parameter
measurements.
2. Must verify Yes.............. No.
operational status
before or at
performance test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(4)................ Continuous ................... No............... No.
Monitoring System
(CMS) Requirements.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(5)................ Continuous Opacity ................... No............... No.
Monitoring Systems
(COMS) Minimum
Procedures.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(6)................ CMS Requirements... ................... No............... No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(7)-(8)............ CMS Requirements... Out-of-control
periods, including
reporting:.
1. If you are a Yes.............. No.
puncture sealant
application
affected source.
2. If you are a No............... No.
tire production or
tire cord
production
affected source.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(d)................... CMS Quality Control ................... No............... No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(e)................... CMS Performance ................... No............... No.
Evaluation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5)............ Alternative Procedures for Yes.............. Yes.
Monitoring Method. Administrator to
approve
alternative
monitoring.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(f)(6)................ Alternative to ................... No............... No.
Relative Accuracy
Test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(g)................... Data Reduction..... ................... No............... No
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(a)................... Notification Applicability and Yes.............. Yes.
Requirements. state delegation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(b)(1)-(5)............ Initial 1. Submit Yes.............. Yes.
Notifications. notification 120
days after
effective date.
[[Page 62454]]
2. Notification of Yes.............. Yes.
intent to
construct/
reconstruct,
notification of
commencement of
construct/
reconstruct,
notification of
startup.
3. Contents of each Yes.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(c)................... Request for Can request if Yes.............. Yes.
Compliance cannot comply by
Extension. date or if
installed best
available control
technology or
lowest achievable
emission rate.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(d)................... Notification of For sources that Yes.............. Yes.
Special Compliance commence
Requirements for construction
New Source. between proposal
and promulgation
and want for to
comply 3 years
after effective
date.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(e)................... Notification of Notify Yes.............. No.
Performance Test. Administrator 60
days prior.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(f)................... Notification of VE/ ................... No............... No.
Opacity Test.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(g)................... Additional ................... No............... No.
Notifications When
Using CMS.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(h) .................. Notification of 1. Contents........ Yes.............. Yes.
Compliance Status.
2. Due 60 days Yes.............. Yes.
after Status end
of performance
test or other
compliance
demonstration,
except for opacity/
VE, which are due
30 days after.
3. When to submit Yes.............. Yes.
to Federal vs.
Sate authority..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(i)................... Adjustment of Procedures for Yes.............. Yes.
Submittal Administrator to
Deadlines. approve change in
when notifications
must be submitted.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(j)................... Change in Previous Must submit within Yes.............. Yes.
Information. 15 days after the
change.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(a).................. Recordkeeping/ 1. Applies to all, Yes.............. Yes.
Reporting. unless compliance
extension.
2. When to submit Yes.............. Yes
to Federal vs.
State authority.
3. Procedures for Yes.............. Yes
owners of more
than 1 source.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(1)............... Recordkeeping/ 1. General Yes.............. Yes
Reporting. Requirements.
2. Keep all records Yes.............. Yes
readily available.
3. Keep for 5 years Yes.............. Yes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(iv)....... Records related to ................... No............... No.
Startup, Shutdown,
and Malfunction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi) and (x)- CMS Records........ 1. Malfunctions,
(xi). inoperative, out-
of-control:
a. If you are a Yes.............. No.
puncture sealant
application
affected source.
b. If you are a No............... No.
tire production or
tire cord
production
affected source.
2. Calibration
checks:.
a. If you are a Yes.............. No.
puncture sealant
application
affected source.
b. If you are a No............... No.
tire production or
tire cord
production
affected source.
3. Adjustments,
maintenance:.
a. If you are a Yes.............. No.
puncture sealant
application
affected source.
b. If you are a No............... No.
tire production or
tire cord
production
affected source.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vii)-(ix)..... Records............ 1. Measurements to Yes.............. Yes.
demonstrate
compliance with
emission
limitations.
2. Performance Yes.............. Yes.
test, performance
evaluation, and
visible emission
observation
results.
3. Measurements to Yes.............. Yes.
determine
conditions of
performance tests
and performance
evaluations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii).......... Records............ Records when under Yes.............. Yes.
waiver.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 62455]]
Sec. 63.10(b)(3)............... Records............ Applicability Yes.............. Yes.
Determinations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(c).................. Records............ ................... No............... No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(1)............... General Reporting Requirement to Yes.............. Yes.
Requirements. report.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(2)............... Report of When to submit to Yes.............. No.
Performance Test Federal or State
Results. authority.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(3)............... Reporting Opacity ................... No............... No.
or VE Observations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(4)............... Progress Reports... Must submit Yes.............. Yes.
progress reports
on schedule if
under compliance
extension.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)............... Startup, Shutdown, ................... No............... No.
and Malfunction
Reports.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(e).................. Additional CMS ................... No............... No.
Reports.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(f).................. Waiver for Procedures for Yes.............. Yes.
Recordkeeping/ Administrator to
Reporting. waive.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.11..................... Flares............. ................... No............... No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.12..................... Delegation......... State authority to Yes.............. Yes.
enforce standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.13..................... Addresses.......... Addresses where Yes.............. Yes.
reports,
notifications, and
requests are sent.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.14..................... Incorporation by Test methods Yes.............. Yes.
Reference. incorporated by
reference.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.15..................... Availability of Public and Yes.............. Yes.
Information. confidential
information.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FR Doc. 00-26224 Filed 10-17-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P