[Federal Register Volume 66, Number 226 (Friday, November 23, 2001)]
[Notices]
[Pages 58716-58720]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 01-29244]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
National Energy Technology Laboratory; Notice of Availability of
a Financial Assistance Solicitation
AGENCY: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Morgantown,
Department of Energy (DOE).
ACTION: Notice of availability of a Financial Assistance Solicitation.
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SUMMARY: NETL announces that, pursuant to 10 CFR 600.8(a)(2), and in
support of advanced coal research to U.S. colleges and universities, it
intends to conduct a competitive Program Solicitation No. DE-PS26-
02NT41369 and award financial assistance grants to qualified
recipients. Applications will be subjected to a comparative merit
review by a technical panel of DOE subject-matter experts and external
peer reviewers. Awards will be made to a limited number of proposers
based on: The scientific merit of the proposals, application of
relevant program policy factors, and the availability of funds.
Once released, the solicitation will be available for downloading
from the IIPS Internet page. At this internet site you will be able to
register with IIPS, enabling you to download the solicitation and to
submit a proposal. If you need technical assistance in registering or
for any other IIPS function call the IIPS Help Desk at (800) 683-0751
or email the Help Desk personnel at IIPS__HelpDesk@e-center.doe.gov.
Questions relating to the solicitation content must be submitted
electronically to the Contract Specialist via email. All responses to
questions will be released on the IIPS home page as will all
amendments. The solicitation will only be available in IIPS.
DATES: The solicitation will be available for downloading on the DOE/
NETL's Homepage at http://www.netl.doe.gov/business and the IIPS
``Industry Interactive Procurement System'' Internet page located at
http://e-center.doe.gov on or about December 3, 2001. Applications must
be prepared and submitted in accordance with the instructions in the
Program Solicitation and must be received at NETL by January 16, 2002.
Prior to submitting your application to the solicitation, periodically
check the NETL Website for any amendments.
FOR FURTHER SOLICITATION INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael P. Nolan, U.S.
Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, P.O. Box
880 (MS I07), Morgantown, WV 26507-0880; Telephone: 304/285-4149;
Facsimile: 304/285-4683; E-mail: [email protected].
[[Page 58717]]
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Through Program Solicitation DE-PS26-
02NT41369, the DOE is interested in applications from U.S. colleges and
universities, and university-affiliated research centers submitting
applications through their respective universities. Applications will
be selected to complement and enhance research being conducted in
related Fossil Energy programs. Applications may be submitted
individually (i.e., by only one college/university or one college
subcontracting with one other college/university) or jointly (i.e., by
``teams'' made up of (1) three or more colleges/universities, or (2)
two or more colleges/universities and at least one industrial partner.
Collaboration, in the form of joint proposals, is encouraged but not
required.
Eligibility
Applications submitted in response to this solicitation must
address coal research in one of the key focus areas of the Core Program
or as outlined in the Innovative Concepts Phase-I & Phase-II Programs.
Background
The current landscape of the U.S. energy industry, not unlike that
in other parts of the world, is undergoing a transformation driven by
changes such as deregulation of power generation, more stringent
environmental standards and regulations, climate change concerns, and
other market forces. With these changes come new players and a
refocusing of existing players in providing energy services and
products. The traditional settings of how energy (both electricity and
fuel) is generated, transported, and utilized are likely to be very
different in the coming decades. As market, policy, and regulatory
forces evolve and shape the energy industry both domestically and
globally, the opportunity exists for universities, government, and
industry partnerships to invest in advanced fossil energy technologies
that can return public and economic benefits many times over. These
benefits are achievable through the development of advanced coal
technologies for the marketplace.
Energy from coal-fired powerplants will continue to play a dominant
role as an energy source, and therefore, it is prudent to use this
resource wisely and ensure that it remains part of the sustainable
energy solution. In that regard, our focus is on a concept we call
Vision 21. Vision 21 is a pathway to clean, affordable energy achieved
through a combination of technology evolution and innovation aimed at
creating the most advanced fleet of flexible, clean and efficient power
and energy plants for the 21st century. Clean, efficient, competitively
priced coal-derived products, and low-cost environmental compliance and
energy systems remain key to our continuing prosperity and our
commitment to tackle environmental challenges, including climate
change. It is envisioned that these Vision 21 plants can competitively
produce low-cost electricity at efficiencies higher than 60% with coal.
This class of facilities will involve ``near-zero discharge'' energy
plants--virtually no emissions will escape into the environment. Sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollutants would be removed and converted
into environmentally benign substances, perhaps fertilizers or other
commercial products. Carbon dioxide could be (1) concentrated and
either recycled or disposed of in a geologically permanent manner, or
(2) converted into industrially useful products, or (3) by creating
offsetting natural sinks for CO2.
Clean coal-fired powerplants remain the major source of electricity
for the world while distributed generation, including renewables, will
assume a growing share of the energy market. Technological advances
finding their way into future markets could result in advanced co-
production and co-processing facilities around the world, based upon
Vision 21 technologies developed through universities, government, and
industry partnerships.
This Vision 21 concept, in many ways is the culmination of decades
of power and fuels research and development. Within the Vision 21
plants, the full energy potential of fossil fuel feedstocks and
``opportunity'' feedstocks such as biomass, petroleum coke, and other
materials that might otherwise be considered as wastes, can be tapped
by integrating advanced technology ``modules.'' These technology
modules include fuel-flexible coal gasifiers and combustors, gas for
fuels and chemical synthesis. Each Vision 21 plant can be built in the
configuration best suited for its market application by combining
technology modules. Designers of Vision 21 plant would tailor the plant
to use the desired feedstocks and produce the desired products by
selecting and integrating the appropriate ``technology modules.''
The goal of Vision 21 is to effectively eliminate, at competitive
costs, environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuel
for producing electricity and transportation fuels. Vision 21 is based
on three premises: that we will need to rely on fossil fuels for a
major share of our electricity and transportation fuel needs well into
the 21st century; that it makes sense to rely on a diverse mix of
energy resources, including coal, gas, oil, biomass and other
renewables, nuclear, and so-called ``opportunity'' resources, rather
than on a reduced subset of these resources; and that R&D directed at
resolving our energy and environmental issues can find affordable ways
to make energy conversion systems meet even stricter environmental
standards.
To accomplish the program objective, applications will be accepted
in three program areas: (1) The Core Program, (2) the Innovative
Concepts Phase-I Program, and (3) the Innovative Concepts Phase-II
Program.
University Coal Research (UCR) Core Program Focus Areas
To develop and sustain a national program of university research in
fundamental coal studies, the DOE is interested in innovative and
fundamental research pertinent to coal conversion and utilization. The
maximum DOE funding for each individual college/university award under
the University Coal Research Core Program is:
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12 month project period................ $80,000 (max. DOE funds)
13-24 month project period............. $140,000 (max. DOE funds)
25-60 month project period............. $200,000 (max. DOE funds)
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For Joint Universities and Joint University/Industry awards, the
maximum DOE funding is $400,000 for a 36-month performance period.
Joint University/Industry applications must specify a minimum of
twenty-five percent (25%) cost sharing of the total proposed project
cost.
The DOE anticipates funding at least one proposal in each focus
area under the UCR Core Program; however, high-quality proposals in a
higher ranked
[[Page 58718]]
focus area may be given more consideration during the selection
process. Research in this area is limited to the following six (6)
focus areas and is listed numerically in descending order of
programmatic priority.
Core Program Focus Areas
1.0 Novel Sensors and Control Systems
Novel sensors and control systems that support the full-scale
implementation and operations of highly efficient power generation
technologies are of interest, these systems include: advanced
combustion, gasification, turbines, and fuel cells, as well as gas
cleaning technologies, carbon sequestration, and advanced emissions
control technologies. Current technology developments are supported by
the Vision 21 program and other programmatic efforts aimed at enhancing
the efficiency and reducing emissions, thereby removing the
environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel use. To facilitate
this effort, several ``smart'' sensors and advanced control algorithms
are needed to operate these complex, integrated technologies in a safe
and reliable manner.
Grant applications for novel sensor techniques are sought that can
operate reliably and accurately in the presence of high temperature
(e.g., 1000 deg.C or higher), elevated pressure (e.g., 100-1000 psig),
abrasive streams (e.g., high particulate flue gas) and corrosive
atmospheres (e.g., oxidizing and reducing conditions). Robust sensors
for in-situ monitoring of fine particulates (e.g., 0-10 microns),
environmental contaminants (e.g., NOX), and gases (e.g.,
hydrogen, NH3) are needed. Novel approaches to on-line
characterization of solid fuel (e.g., coal, biomass) are needed to
measure parameters such as: feed rates; heating value; percent water
content; ash; sulfur, nitrogen concentrations; and trace elemental
contaminants. Robust temperature-sensing techniques and instrumentation
are needed for use in coal gasifiers (up to 2600 deg.C in reducing
atmospheres) and gas turbines (up to 4000 deg.C in oxidizing
atmospheres).
In addition to sensors that monitor the operation of advanced and
existing power generation technologies, grant applications are sought
for instrumentation and sensors to monitor a system's ``health'' status
on-line. Techniques are needed to monitor and predict maintenance of
critical equipment. Examples of system health monitoring needs include
techniques to indicate or measure (1) refractory wear in coal gasfiers,
(2) thermal barrier coating degradation in natural gas turbines, and
(3) water-wall wastage associated with low- NOX burner
technology.
2.0 Materials and Components for Vision 21 Systems
Gas turbines and membrane reactors are among the enabling
technologies that support the Vision 21 concept. Membrane reactor
development represents a critical enabling technology for future Vision
21 Systems. Of particular interest are materials needs and property
changes to accommodate coal and bio-mass fuels.
Membrane reactors based on microporous and mesoporous ceramic
membranes provide a broad array of opportunities regarding the choice
materials for membranes, their catalytic properties and possible
applications. The most widely used application involves equilibrium
displacement by removal of at least one reaction product. Most often,
the removal of hydrogen in dehydrogenation or water gas shift reactions
has been the process of choice.
Porous ceramic membranes can be made, in whole or in part, of
alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zeolites, etc., materials which are
catalytically active under suitable operating conditions. During
preparation procedure one can give specific properties to the catalyst;
e.g., successive layers of different materials can be deposited across
the membrane radius which would allow one to carry out different
consecutive reactions in different regions of the membrane.
The prospects of using dense membranes based on mixed ionic/
electronic conducting ceramics for syngas production in a catalytic
membrane reactor are constrained by problems related to limited
thermodynamic stability and poor dimensional stability of candidate
materials. New compositions of oxygen transport membrane materials
within or outside of Perovskitic (ABO3) and Brownmillerite
(A2B2O5) structures for separation of
oxygen via oxygen anion and electron conduction should be investigated
to address the issues. Proton conducting ceramics are also of interest.
In the area of materials for fuel-flexible combustion turbines, an
implication of high efficiency is that materials with very high
temperature capabilities will be necessary. Practical application of
metals and coatings, as structural materials at the ultrahigh
temperatures (well above 1000 deg.C) required is a formidable
challenge. Among the topics of interest are the following:
Grant applications are sought for proposals to develop catalytic
membrane reactors to circumvent thermodynamic equilibrium limitations
and derive useful products such as hydrogen from reactants obtained
from coal conversion or gasification. Novel membrane materials and
reactor configurations as well as new applications to different
reaction systems are desired.
Research leading to optimization of single crystal alloys for gas
turbine airfoils and modifications that will better tailor the alloy
properties to the duty cycle requirements and processing constraints of
advanced land-based gas turbines, while building on the technology
embodied in current superalloys. Such a modified alloy would have the
combination of very long-term mechanical properties and environmental
resistance required for advanced gas turbine conditions.
Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) that have superior
durability and performance in an industrial gas turbine environment.
Desirable characteristics include TBC compositions resistant to
corrosive attack by deposits derived from combustion of low-grade fuel,
syngas, and air impurities, and/or sealed gas path surfaces to inhibit
deposits from penetrating into the TBCs porous (strain tolerant)
microstructure, as well as lower thermal conductivity. Also, develop
methods to identify and avoid combustion environments that result in
unacceptable TBC life. The research should include modeling and
prediction of the rate of fuel ash deposition onto turbine airfoils and
the corrosiveness of ash deposits to YSZ and other TBC candidates.
3.0 Computational Approaches to Advanced Catalyst Design
Improvements in catalysts are needed to reduce the cost of
producing transportation fuels suitable for use under forthcoming
stricter environmental regulations and to broaden the base of
feedstocks available for their production. Two examples of particular
concern of this solicitation are Fischer Tropsch synthesis and
catalytic reforming. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis produces a
paraffinic wax that may then be cracked to produce a sulfur-free,
aromatic-free, and high cetane diesel fuel. This fuel is a desirable
blending stock that can be used to bring diesel fuels within the more
strict future regulations on sulfur and aromatics content. A major draw
back to the Fischer Tropsch synthesis is that the lack of selectivity
of the current catalysts results in a wide distribution of molecular
weight in the product slate.
[[Page 58719]]
Expensive post-synthesis processing is then required that drives up the
price of the desired diesel fuel. An ideal Fischer Tropsch synthesis
would produce a narrow distillate cut that falls within the diesel
range with little production of unwanted byproduct. Catalytic reforming
of natural gas is the first step in converting this under-utilized
natural resource to liquid fuels. In this case, a major problem lies in
the tendency of the catalyst to form carbonaceous deposits that either
reduces its lifetime or places restrictions on process operating
parameters. The ever-increasing power of the methods and hardware now
being applied in computational chemistry needs to be enlisted to help
develop better catalysts for both of these processes. Of most value are
studies that provide guidance in the means to improve catalyst design
through choice of metals, alloys, promoters, supports, size of the
active particles, etc.
To provide the fundamental knowledge required to effectively
accelerate these efforts in catalyst development, grant applications
are sought for the application of computational methods to generate a
molecular understanding of the kinetics of competitive reactions on
catalytic surfaces. Successful applications will attack the most
critical problems in catalyst performance. Applications must show
evidence of the intent to develop means to improve catalyst performance
through strategies such as: the suppression of the relative rates of
surface reactions leading to deactivation, suppression of the
production of unwanted co-products, or enhancement of the control of
selectivity towards production of desirable products. Grant
applications must specifically address either of two problems:
determination of the molecular principles that govern the relative
rates of chain growth versus chain termination ()
on iron or cobalt Fischer Tropsch catalysts, or determination of the
molecular factors that govern the relative rates of coke formation
versus methane reforming on nickel catalysts. The proposals must be
conceived at the fundamental molecular level. Applications based on
reactor or process modeling will not be considered.
4.0 Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer significant advantages in the
conversion of fossil fuels to electrical power. Without an intermediate
heat production step the efficiency of an SOFC can be much higher than
current methods of producing power. Currently, SOFC configurations and
applications are restricted by the high-temperatures needed to maintain
adequate area specific resistanceses while ensuring long-term
reliability. The only material set (yttria stabilized zirconia,
lanthanum strontium manganite, and nickel/ zirconia cermet) that has
been successfully demonstrated over a substantial period of time has a
lower temperature limit of about 800 deg.C and possibly 750 deg.C with
some modifications.
Grant applications are being sought for identification and
characterization of one or more (considering the time and financial
constraints) SOFC anode, electrolyte, cathode material set(s) that can
operate in the 500 deg.C to 700 deg.C range. The structure(s) should be
manufacturable with relatively inexpensive manufacturing techniques.
The material cost should be roughly no more than the previously
referenced material set or less. (Electrolyte transference numbers
should be known or shown to be adequate in a typical SOFC environment
before proceeding). The characterization should demonstrate as much as
possible that the complete structure can meet the requirements of an
SOFC fuel cell with a projected power density of (0.6W/cm2
at 0.7 V, corrected for test cell resistance) in the indicated
temperature range and subject to the typical fuel and oxidant
environments. Characterization should include chemical stability
between the components. The lifetime effects (phase stability, thermal
expansion compatibility, conductivity aging, and electrode sintering)
should be considered and characterized as much as possible. The
characterization of the material set should in general be, as complete
as possible and, not duplicate publicly known information. The proposal
should address all aspects of the stated topic.
5.0 Novel Concepts for Reducing Water Used in Power Generation
Power generated from fossil fuels, especially coal, is dependent on
water. On average, approximately 30 gallons of water are required for
each kWh of power produced from coal. Around 70 trillion gallons of
water are consumed or impacted annually in the United States to produce
energy. The large quantity of water to produce power has regulatory and
technological issues related to both the amount of water used and the
potential impact on water quality. The largest single use of water in
power generation is for cooling the low-pressure steam from the
turbine. An alternative to the use of water for cooling is air.
However, air-cooled systems (sometimes referred to as dry systems) can
have associated capital-cost and energy-inefficiency penalties,
particularly in retrofit applications.
Grant applications are sought to reduce or eliminate the need for
water for cooling purposed including: (1) Novel heat-transfer media
that is more efficient than air; (2) improved fill materials used in
re-circulating (closed loop) wet cooling towers; (3) approaches to
reducing evaporative loss from closed wet systems; (4) innovations to
improve the efficiency of dry cooling systems, particularly for
retrofit applications; and (5) novel, lowcost treatment technology to
allow for the use of process water as boiler feed water.
6.0 Conversion of Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas to Fischer-Tropsch (F-T)
Liquids
The conversion of coal to Fischer-Tropsch liquids can help
supplement petroleum in satisfying our Nation's growing demand for
clean transportation fuels, but additional scientific understanding of
the entire process is needed to enable technology developers to improve
system performance and economics. Historically, empirically-derived
laboratory data has been used to develop Fischer-Tropsch reactor
systems and to determine operating conditions. Catalysis has played a
significant role in helping to establish a reasonable range of
operation conditions that provide less residence time, higher product
yield and selectivity, and lower energy consumption. However, neither
the exact reaction mechanisms nor individual kinetic expressions are
known for advanced, iron-based catalysts that are currently being
developed for three-phase slurry reactor systems.
Grant applications are requested for projects that focus on
deriving mechanistic and kinetic expressions for converting coal-
derived synthesis gas to F-T liquids via iron-based catalysts in a
three-phase regime that may include a range of reactants and operating
parameters that would be reasonable for a commercial F-T system.
Proposals may include the use of commercial F-T catalysts as a baseline
for comparative evaluations.
UCR Innovative Concepts Phase-I Program
The goal of solicited research under the Innovative Concepts (IC)
Phase-I Program is to develop unique approaches for addressing fossil
energy-related issues. These approaches should represent significant
departures from
[[Page 58720]]
existing approaches, not simply incremental improvements. The IC Phase-
I Program seeks ``out-of-the-box'' thinking; therefore, well-developed
ideas, past the conceptual stage, are not eligible for the Phase-I
Program. Applications are invited from individual college/university
researchers. Joint applications (as described under the Core Program)
will also be accepted, although no additional funds are made available
for joint versus individual applications. Unlike the Core Program,
student participation in the IC Phase-I proposed research is strongly
encouraged, however, not required. Funding for Phase-I grants will be
limited to a total of $50K over a 12-month period.
In the twenty-first century, the challenges facing coal and the
electric utility industry continue to grow. Environmental issues such
as pollutant control, both criteria and trace pollutants, waste
minimization, and the co-firing of coal with biomass, waste, or
alternative fuels will remain important. The need for increased
efficiency, improved reliability, and lower costs will be felt as an
aging utility industry faces deregulation. Advanced power systems, such
as a Vision 21 plant, and environmental systems will come into play as
older plants are retired and utilities explore new ways to meet the
growing demand for electricity.
Innovative research in the coal conversion and utilization areas
will be required if coal is to continue to play a dominant role in the
generation of electric power. Technical topics like the ones identified
below are potential examples of research areas of interest, however,
the areas identified were not intended to be all-encompassing.
Therefore, it is specifically emphasized that other subjects for coal
research would receive the same evaluation and consideration for
support as the examples cited.
Innovative Concepts Phase-I Technical Topics
Smart Sensing and Advanced Artificially Intelligent Control Systems
The development of innovative concepts and techniques for smart
sensing and advanced artificially intelligent control systems are
needed to foster concurrent development efforts with advanced power
generations technologies such as fuel cells, turbines, and
gasification. Similar systems are also needed to deal with increasingly
stringent emissions requirements (SO2 and NOX)
for existing coal-fired power plants. The goal for new sensors and
controls technology is to develop low cost, reliable, and accurate
systems that permit real time monitoring and optimization of complex
systems. For DOE's Vision 21 program, these advanced systems will
support the production of power, chemicals, fuels, and/or steam with
the highest efficiencies possible and near-zero emissions. The primary
barriers for existing technologies are the harsh conditions that
sensors may be exposed to combined with the need for extreme accuracy
and fast response times. Incremental improvements of existing sensor
and control technologies are not desired but rather revolutionary ideas
that have the sound scientific basis to support significant
advancements in this technology area.
Fundamental Study of Reaction Mechanism of Magnesium Silicates with
Carbonic Acid and Other Solutions
The carbonation of naturally occurring magnesium silicates has
shown promise as a method of achieving long-term carbon sequestration.
It has been demonstrated that magnesium silicates such as serpentine
and olivine can be reacted with CO2 to produce a highly stable solid
magnesium carbonate material. This process is based upon the
dissolution of the magnesium silicates in an aqueous carbonic acid
solution containing chemical additives such as NaCl. The critical rate-
limiting step in the carbonation process is currently believed to be
the release or dissolution of the magnesium from the silicate into the
solution.
Faster and less energy intensive pathways must be identified in
order to develop an economically viable process based on mineral
carbonation. By gaining a better understanding of the fundamental
reaction mechanisms, new approaches could be devised that offered
faster and more economical carbonation routes. Consequently, gaining a
better understanding of this process is of interest to the USDOE.
Skilled investigators having the capability to conduct well-planned
experimental and theoretical investigations that can elucidate the
detailed reaction path, quantify reaction barriers, and develop
strategies to increase carbonation reaction rates are encouraged to
apply.
Nitrogen/Carbon Dioxide Separation
Since the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily
carbon dioxide, is combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or natural
gas, options to reduce carbon dioxide emissions are being examined. In
particular, inorganic membranes based on metals, ceramics or zeolites
are suitable for the separation of such gases because they can sustain
severe conditions such as high pressure, chemical corrosion, and high
temperature. Approaches are needed whereby the membrane can be tailored
to separate carbon dioxide from the nitrogen, the latter being the
predominant component in the flue gas of a fossil fuel fired power
plant. For example, the separation could be caused by dopants in the
inorganic membrane that prefer to bond with carbon dioxide and
facilitate its surface diffusion along the pore wall. Proposals are
invited wherein factors such as concentration of dopant and pore
diameter will be investigated, along with molecular simulations, in
order to maximize the separation factor.
Heterogeneous Reburning
Recently, reburning with coal and coal-derived chars have been
demonstrated to be an effective route for the reduction of nitrogen
oxide emissions in boilers. Research is necessary to identify concepts
for further reductions of nitrogen oxides and other detrimental
emissions, such as carbon monoxide, through heterogeneous reburning.
One example of such research is research to develop in-furnace
combustion NOX reduction technologies that would reduce
NOX emissions below 0.15 lb/MMBtu or be utilized in
conjunction with other low cost NOX reduction technologies
such as SNCR to achieve this objective while significantly reducing the
overall cost of compliance when compared to SCR.
UCR Innovative Concepts Phase-II Program
The goal of the Phase-II Program, the principal R&D effort of the
IC Program, is to solicit research that augments research previously
funded through the Phase-I Program. Funding for Phase-II grants will be
limited to a total of $200K over a 3-year period and student
participation will be required. Only institutions receiving a Phase-I
grant awarded in fiscal years 2000 and 2001 will be eligible to submit
an application for continuation of their Phase-I projects. It's
anticipated that at least 2-3 institutions submitting an application
with approaches that appear sufficiently promising from the Phase-I
efforts could receive a Phase-II award in 2002.
Issued in Morgantown, WV on November 9, 2001.
Randolph L. Kesling, Director,
Acquisition and Assistance Division.
[FR Doc. 01-29244 Filed 11-21-01; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P