[Federal Register Volume 66, Number 50 (Wednesday, March 14, 2001)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 14829-14837]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 01-6185]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[OPP-301105; FRL-6770-8]
RIN 2070-AB78
Clethodim; Pesticide Tolerance
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for combined residues
of clethodim in or on tuberous and corm vegetables, sunflower seed,
sunflower meal, fruiting vegetable group, carrots, radish roots, radish
tops, leaf petioles subgroup, melon subgroup, squash/cucumber subgroup,
cranberry, strawberry, clover forage, and clover hay. In addition, this
regulation amends tolerances for combined residues of clethodim in or
on sugar beet tops, sugar beet molasses, and potato granules/flakes.
Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) and Valent U.S.A.
Corporation requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA) of 1996.
DATES: This regulation is effective March 14, 2001. Objections and
requests for hearings, identified by docket control number OPP-301105,
must be received by EPA on or before May 14, 2001.
ADDRESSES: Written objections and hearing requests may be submitted by
mail, in person, or by courier. Please follow the detailed instructions
for each method as provided in Unit VI. of the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, your objections and
hearing requests must identify docket control number OPP-301105 in the
subject line on the first page of your response.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: By mail: Shaja R. Brothers,
Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,
Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (703) 308-3194; e-mail address:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this Action Apply to Me?
You may be affected by this action if you are an agricultural
producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. Potentially
affected categories and entities may include, but are not limited to:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of
Categories NAICS Codes Potentially
Affected Entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry 111 Crop production
112 Animal production
311 Food manufacturing
32532 Pesticide
manufacturing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides
a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this
action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be
affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)
codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining
whether or not this action might apply to certain entities. If you have
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT.
B. How Can I Get Additional Information, Including Copies of this
Document and Other Related Documents?
1. Electronically. You may obtain electronic copies of this
document, and certain other related documents that might be available
electronically, from the EPA Internet Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/.
To access this document, on the Home Page select ``Laws and
Regulations'' ``Regulations and Proposed Rules,'' and then look up the
entry for this document under the ``Federal Register--Environmental
Documents.'' You can also go directly to the Federal Register listings
at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/. A frequently updated electronic
version of 40 CFR part 180 is available at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfrhtml_00/Title_40/40cfr180_00.html, a beta site currently
under development.
2. In person. The Agency has established an official record for
this action under docket control number OPP-301105. The official record
consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, and
other information related to this action, including any information
claimed as Confidential Business Information (CBI). This official
record includes the documents that are physically located in the
docket, as well as the documents that are referenced in those
documents. The public version of the official record does not include
any information claimed as CBI. The public version of the official
record, which includes printed, paper versions of any electronic
comments submitted during an applicable comment period is available for
inspection in the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch
(PIRIB), Rm. 119, Crystal Mall #2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy.,
Arlington, VA, from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,
excluding legal holidays. The PIRIB telephone number is (703) 305-5805.
II. Background and Statutory Findings
In the Federal Register of March 29, 2000 (65 FR-1660-2)(FRL-6495-
5), and December 3, 1997 (62 FR-63942) (FRL-5756-1), EPA issued notices
pursuant to section 408 of the FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a as amended by the
Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) (Public Law 104-170)
announcing the filing of pesticide petitions (PP) for tolerances by IR-
4 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 681 U.S. Highway No. 1
South, North New Brunswick, NJ 08902 and Valent USA Corporation, Walnut
Creek, CA 94596-8025. These notices included a summary of the petitions
prepared by Valent USA Corporation, the registrant.
The petitions requested that 40 CFR 180.458 be amended by
establishing tolerances for combined residues of the herbicide
clethodim, (E)-()-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-
propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-
cyclohexen-1-one] and its metabolites containing the 5-(2-
(ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-(ethylthiopropyl)-5-
hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulphoxides and sulphones,
on various commodities with the following tolerance levels at parts per
million (ppm): tuberous and corm vegetables at 1.0 ppm, potato
granules/flakes at 2.0 ppm, sugar beet tops at 1.0 ppm, sugar beet
molasses at 1.0 ppm, sunflower seed at 5.0 ppm, sunflower meal at 10.0
ppm, fruiting group, vegetable at 1.0 ppm, carrots at 0.50 ppm, radish
roots at 0.50 ppm, radish tops at 0.70 ppm, leaf petioles subgroup at
0.50 ppm, melon subgroup at 2.0 ppm, squash/cucumber subgroup at 0.50
ppm, cranberry at 0.50 ppm, strawberry at 3.0 ppm, clover forage at
10.0 ppm, and clover hay at 20.0 ppm.
The petitioner, IR-4 subsequently revised the petition to propose a
tolerance for the leaf petiole vegetable subgroup at 0.60 ppm.
Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a
tolerance (the
[[Page 14830]]
legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if
EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii)
defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no
harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical
residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other
exposures for which there is reliable information.'' This includes
exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does
not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) requires EPA to
give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the
pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure
that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to
infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical
residue....''
EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the
regulatory requirements of section 408 and a complete description of
the risk assessment process, see the final rule on Bifenthrin Pesticide
Tolerances November 26, 1997 (62 FR 62961) (FRL-5754-7).
III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of
these actions. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to
make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section
408(b)(2), for tolerances for combined residues of clethodim on
tuberous and corm vegetables at 1.0 ppm, potato granules/flakes at 2.0
ppm, sugar beet tops at 1.0 ppm, sugar beet molasses at 1.0 ppm,
sunflower seed at 5.0 ppm, sunflower meal at 10.0 ppm, fruiting group,
vegetable at 1.0 ppm, carrots at 0.50 ppm, radish roots at 0.50 ppm,
radish tops at 0.70 ppm, leaf petioles subgroup at 0.60 ppm, melon
subgroup at 2.0 ppm, squash/cucumber subgroup at 0.50 ppm, cranberry at
0.50 ppm, strawberry at 3.0 ppm, clover forage at 10.0 ppm, and clover
hay at 20.0 ppm. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated
with establishing these tolerances follow.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and
children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by clethodim are
discussed in the following Table 1 as well as the no observed adverse
effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed adverse effect level
(LOAEL) from the toxicity studies reviewed.
Table 1.--Subchronic, Chronic, and Other Toxicity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guideline Number Study Type Results
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870.3100 Subchronic-Feeding- NOAEL= 25
Rat milligrams/
kilograms/day (mg/
kg/day).
LOAEL= 134 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased body
weights, body
weight gains, food
consumption, and
increased absolute
and relative liver
weights, and
centrilobular
hypertrophy of
liver in both
sexes
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870.3150 Subchronic-Feeding- NOAEL= 25 mg/kg/day
Dog LOAEL= 75 mg/kg/day
based on increased
absolute and
relative liver
weights, severity
of liver lesions
in both sexes, and
increased serum
cholesterol and
alkaline
phosphatase in
females
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870.3200 21-Day Dermal Systemic NOAEL= 100
Toxicity-Rat mg/kg/day
LOAEL= 1,000 mg/kg/
day based on
anogenital
discharge and
staining in both
sexes, decreased
food efficiency
and body weight
gain in males, and
increases in
absolute and
relative liver
weights in females
Dermal NOAEL= not
established
LOAEL= 10 mg/kg/day
based on observed
dermal irritation
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870.3700 Developmental Maternal NOAEL= 100
Toxicity-Rat mg/kg/day
LOAEL= 350 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased body
weight gain and
clinical signs
Developmental
NOAEL= 100 mg/kg/
day
LOAEL= 350 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased fetal
body weight and
increased skeletal
anomalies
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870.3700 Developmental Maternal NOAEL= 25
Toxicity-Rabbit mg/kg/day
LOAEL= 100 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased weight
gain and food
consumption and
clinical signs
Developmental NOAEL
< 300 mg/kg/day
LOAEL= Not
determined because
no developmental
toxicity observed
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[[Page 14831]]
870.3800 Reproductive Parental/Systemic
Toxicity- 2- NOAEL= 51 mg/kg/
Generation Rat day
LOAEL= 263 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased body
weight in both
sexes, and
particularly in
both generations
of males,
decreased food
consumption
Reproductive NOAEL=
263 mg/kg/day HDT
LOAEL= Not
determined because
no effects were
noted for
fertility, length
of gestation or
growth and
development of
offspring
Offspring NOAEL=
263 mg/kg/day HDT
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870.4100 Chronic-Feeding- NOAEL= 1 mg/kg/day
Dog LOAEL= 75 mg/kg/day
based on increased
absolute and
relative liver
weights in both
sexes with
histopathological
changes (males
only) and
increased liver
enzymes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.4200 Carcinogenicity- NOAEL= 30 mg/kg/day
Mouse (78-week) LOAEL= 150 mg/kg/
day based on
decreased
survival,
decreased
hematology
parameters,
increased absolute
and relative liver
weights (female
only),
centrilobular
hypertrophy,
increased pigment
and bile duct
hyperplasia in
both sexes
No evidence of
carcinogenicity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.4300 Chronic Toxicity/ NOAEL= 19 mg/kg/day
Carcinogenicity- LOAEL= 100 mg/kg/
Rat day based on
decreased body
weight means, body
weight gains, food
consumption, and
food efficiency
(males only), and
increased absolute
and relative liver
weights with
centrilobular
hypertrophy (at 12
months) in both
sexes
No evidence of
carcinogenicity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.5100 Gene Mutation - Negative for
Salmonella reverse mutation
in Salmonella (and
E. coli) exposed
to cytotoxic
levels (10,000
g/plate)
with/without
activation
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870.5300 CHO Assay Positive for
inducing
structural
aberrations only
in the absence of
activation
(negative +S9) at
dose near limit of
solubility and
cytotoxicity (1.0
to 1.2 L/
ml)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.5395 Micronucleus Assay Negative for
chromosomal damage
in bone marrow
cells of rats
treated orally up
to toxic doses
(1,500 mg/kg)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.5550 Unscheduled DNA Negative for
Synthesis unscheduled DNA
synthesis (UDS) in
hepatocytes from
mice treated
orally up to toxic
doses (5,000 mg/
kg)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.6300 Developmental None available
Neurotoxicity Rat
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870.7485 Metabolism Rat Clethodim is
readily absorbed
and eliminated (87-
92%, urine; 9-17%,
feces; < 1%
expired air) after
7 days.
Gastrointestinal
absorption
estimated at 89-
96%. No evidence
of
bioconcentration.
Extensively
metabolized with <
1% eliminated as
unchanged parent
compound.
Predominant
metabolite is
clethodim
sulphoxide (48-
68%) after 48
hours.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
870.7600 Dermal Absorption At 10 hours after
Rat receiving a single
dermal application
of 0.05 mg/rat the
dermal absorption
factor was 30%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Toxicological Endpoints
The dose at which the NOAEL from the toxicology study identified as
appropriate for use in risk assessment is used to estimate the
toxicological level of concern (LOC). However, the lowest dose at which
adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL) is sometimes used
for risk assessment if no NOAEL was achieved in the toxicology study
selected. An uncertainty factor (UF) is applied to reflect
uncertainties inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data
to humans and in the variations in sensitivity among members of the
human population as well as other unknowns. An UF of 100 is routinely
used, 10X to account for interspecies differences and 10X for
intraspecies differences.
For dietary risk assessment (other than cancer) the Agency uses the
UF to calculate an acute or chronic reference dose (acute RfD or
chronic RfD) where the RfD is equal to the NOAEL divided by the
appropriate UF (RfD = NOAEL/UF). Where an additional safety factor is
[[Page 14832]]
retained due to concerns unique to the FQPA, this additional factor is
applied to the RfD by dividing the RfD by such additional factor. The
acute or chronic Population Adjusted Dose (aPAD or cPAD) is a
modification of the RfD to accommodate this type of FQPA Safety Factor.
For non-dietary risk assessments (other than cancer) the UF is used
to determine the LOC. For example, when 100 is the appropriate UF (10X
to account for interspecies differences and 10X for intraspecies
differences) the LOC is 100. To estimate risk, a ratio of the NOAEL to
exposures (margin of exposure (MOE) = NOAEL/exposure) is calculated and
compared to the LOC.
The linear default risk methodology (Q*) is the primary
method currently used by the Agency to quantify carcinogenic risk. The
Q* approach assumes that any amount of exposure will lead to
some degree of cancer risk. A Q* is calculated and used to
estimate risk which represents a probability of occurrence of
additional cancer cases (e.g., risk is expressed as 1 x 106
or one in a million). Under certain specific circumstances, MOE
calculations will be used for the carcinogenic risk assessment. In this
non-linear approach, a ``point of departure'' is identified below which
carcinogenic effects are not expected. The point of departure is
typically a NOAEL based on an endpoint related to cancer effects though
it may be a different value derived from the dose response curve. To
estimate risk, a ratio of the point of departure to exposure
(MOEcancer= point of departure/exposures) is calculated. A
summary of the toxicological endpoints for clethodim used for human
risk assessment is shown in the following Table 2:
Table 2.--Summary of Toxicological Dose and Endpoints for clethodim for Use in Human Risk Assessment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FQPA SF* and Level of
Exposure Scenario Dose Used in Risk Concern (LOC) for Risk Study and Toxicological
Assessment, UF Assessment Effects
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acute dietary all populations N/A N/A None selected
There were no effects
observed in oral
toxicity studies
including
developmental toxicity
studies in rats and
rabbits that could be
attributable to a
single dose
(exposure). Therefore,
a dose and endpoint
were not selected for
this risk assessment.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chronic dietary all populations NOAEL= 1.0 mg/kg/day FQPA SF = 1 Chronic Toxicity-Dog (1
UF = 100............... cPAD = chronic RfD FQPA year)
Chronic RfD = 0.01 mg/ SF = 0.01 mg/kg/day. Alterations in
kg/day. hematology and
clinical chemistry
parameters and
increased absolute and
relative liver weights
observed at the LOAEL
of 75 mg/kg/day.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short-term dermal (1 to 7 days) Oral study LOC for MOE = 100 Developmental Toxicity-
(Residential) Maternal NOAEL= 100 mg/ (Residential) Rat
kg/day. LOAEL = 350 mg/kg/day
(dermal absorption rate based on decreased
= 30%). body weight gain and
clinical signs of
toxicity (salivation)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate-term dermal (1 week to Oral study NOAEL= 25 mg/ LOC for MOE = 100 Subchronic Toxicity-Dog
several months) (Residential) kg/day (Residential) (90 days)
(dermal absorption rate LOAEL = 75 mg/kg/day
= 30%). based on increased
absolute and relative
liver weights
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term dermal (several months to Oral study NOAEL= 1.0 LOC for MOE =100 Chronic Toxicity-Dog (1
lifetime) (Residential) mg/kg/day (Residential) year)
(dermal absorption rate LOAEL = 75 mg/kg/day
= 30%). based on alterations
in hematology and
clinical chemistry
parameters as well as
increases in absolute
and relative liver
weights
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short-term inhalation (1 to 7 days) Oral study Maternal LOC for MOE =100 Developmental-Rat
(Residential) NOAEL= 100 mg/kg/day (Residential) LOAEL = 350 mg/kg/day
(inhalation absorption based on decreased
rate = 100%). body weight gain and
clinical signs of
toxicity (salivation)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate-term inhalation (1 week Oral study NOAEL = 25 LOC for MOE = 100 Subchronic Toxicity-Dog
to several months) (Residential mg/kg/day (Residential) (90 days)
(inhalation absorption LOAEL = 75 mg/kg/day
rate = 100%). based on increased
absolute and relative
liver weights
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term inhalation (several months Oral study NOAEL= 1.0 LOC for MOE =100 Chronic Toxicity-Dog (1
to lifetime) (Residential) mg/kg/day (Residential) year)
(dermal absorption rate LOAEL = 75 mg/kg/day
= 30%). based on alterations
in hematology and
clinical chemistry
parameters as well as
increases in absolute
and relative liver
weights
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation) N/A N/A Clethodim is classified
as a ``Not Likely''
carcinogen
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The reference to the FQPA Safety Factor refers to any additional safety factor retained due to concerns unique
to the FQPA.
[[Page 14833]]
C. Exposure Assessment
1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. Tolerances have been
established (40 CFR 180.458) for the combined residues of clethodim and
its metabolites containing the 2-cyclohexen-1-one moiety, in or on a
variety of RACs: Fat, meat, and meat by products (mbyp) of cattle,
goats, hogs, horses, poultry, and sheep at 0.20 ppm, milk at 0.05 ppm,
eggs at 0.20 ppm, cottonseed at 1.0 ppm, potatoes at 0.5, soybeans at
10.0 ppm, potato flakes and granules at 1.0 ppm, cottonseed meal at 2.0
ppm, and soybean soapstock at 15.0 ppm. In addition, permanent
tolerances are established under 40 CFR 180.458(a)(3) and (6) for the
combined residues of clethodim and its metabolites containing the 5-(2-
ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-5-
hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulphoxides and sulphones,
expressed as clethodim, in/on dry bulb onions at 0.20 ppm, sugar beet
roots at 0.20 ppm, sugar beet tops at 0.50 ppm, and sugar beet molasses
at 2.0 ppm. Time-limited tolerances (set to expire April 30, 2001, are
established for various commodities under 40 CFR 180.458(a)(2)).
Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures
from clethodim in food as follows:
i. Acute exposure. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for
a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the
possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a 1-day or
single exposure. An endpoint was not identified for acute dietary
exposure and risk assessment because no effects were observed in oral
toxicity studies including developmental toxicity studies in rats or
rabbits that could be attributable to a single dose (exposure).
Therefore, an acute dietary exposure assessment was not performed.
ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting this chronic dietary risk
assessment, the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEMTM)
analysis evaluated the individual food consumption as reported by
respondents in the USDA 1989-1992 nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food
Intake by Individuals (CSFII) and accumulated exposure to the chemical
for each commodity. The following assumptions were made for the chronic
exposure assessments: The 3-day average of consumption for each sub-
population is combined with residues to determine average exposure as
mg/kg/day.
The chronic analysis was performed using tolerance level residues
for all crops and animal commodities. The weighted average percent crop
treated (PCT) data for existing registrations, and 100% crop treated
(CT) data (for new uses) were used for the analyses.
iii. Cancer. Clethodim has been classified as a group E carcinogen.
Therefore, a cancer risk assessment was not performed.
iv. Anticipated residue and PCT information. Section 408(b)(2)(F)
states that the Agency may use data on the actual percent of food
treated for assessing chronic dietary risk only if the Agency can make
the following findings: Condition 1, that the data used are reliable
and provide a valid basis to show what percentage of the food derived
from such crop is likely to contain such pesticide residue; Condition
2, that the exposure estimate does not underestimate exposure for any
significant subpopulation group; and Condition 3, if data are available
on pesticide use and food consumption in a particular area, the
exposure estimate does not understate exposure for the population in
such area. In addition, the Agency must provide for periodic evaluation
of any estimates used. To provide for the periodic evaluation of the
estimate of PCT as required by section 408(b)(2)(F), EPA may require
registrants to submit data on PCT.
The Agency used PCT information as follows: 3% for cotton, 8% for
onions, 3% for peanuts, 4% for soybeans, 15% for sugar beets, and 1%
for tomatoes.
The Agency believes that the three conditions listed above have
been met. With respect to Condition 1, PCT estimates are derived from
Federal and private market survey data, which are reliable and have a
valid basis. EPA uses a weighted average PCT for chronic dietary
exposure estimates. This weighted average PCT figure is derived by
averaging State-level data for a period of up to 10 years, and
weighting for the more robust and recent data. A weighted average of
the PCT reasonably represents a person's dietary exposure over a
lifetime, and is unlikely to underestimate exposure to an individual
because of the fact that pesticide use patterns (both regionally and
nationally) tend to change continuously over time, such that an
individual is unlikely to be exposed to more than the average PCT over
a lifetime. For acute dietary exposure estimates, EPA uses an estimated
maximum PCT. The exposure estimates resulting from this approach
reasonably represent the highest levels to which an individual could be
exposed, and are unlikely to underestimate an individual's acute
dietary exposure. The Agency is reasonably certain that the percentage
of the food treated is not likely to be an underestimation. As to
Conditions 2 and 3, regional consumption information and consumption
information for significant subpopulations is taken into account
through EPA's computer-based model for evaluating the exposure of
significant subpopulations including several regional groups. Use of
this consumption information in EPA's risk assessment process ensures
that EPA's exposure estimate does not understate exposure for any
significant subpopulation group and allows the Agency to be reasonably
certain that no regional population is exposed to residue levels higher
than those estimated by the Agency. Other than the data available
through national food consumption surveys, EPA does not have available
information on the regional consumption of food to which clethodim may
be applied in a particular area.
2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. Known environmental
characteristics of clethodim depict a compound which is stable to
hydrolysis, except in acid conditions, but highly susceptible to
photolysis and metabolism.
Parent clethodim is mobile, but has a short metabolic half-life of
1-3 days in soil under aerobic conditions. Therefore, parent compound
should not be a ground water concern in most environments. In the event
that parent clethodim did reach ground water, the available routes of
disappearance would be dilution, some metabolism to persistent
degradates, and slow hydrolysis with the rate depending on the pH of
the ground water.
The environmental fate data indicate that clethodim, and its
sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites may migrate into surface water
bodies through run-off which occurs shortly after application (e.g.,
rainfall). Since they are not adsorbed readily to soil (Kds
of < 0.1 to 7) , they are likely to remain in the aqueous phase, where
they are subject to rapid photolysis and biodegradation. They may
remain long enough to exert acute effects on resident biota, but are
unlikely to cause chronic effects.
Clethodim does not show a significant potential for bio-
accumulation in aquatic organisms. Although they have not been
individually tested, the primary degradates are highly polar, and would
not be expected to bio-accumulate.
The Agency lacks sufficient monitoring exposure data to complete a
comprehensive dietary exposure analysis and risk assessment for
clethodim in drinking water. Because the Agency does not have
comprehensive monitoring data,
[[Page 14834]]
drinking water concentration estimates are made by reliance on
simulation or modeling taking into account data on the physical
characteristics of clethodim.
The Agency uses the Generic Estimated Environmental Concentration
(GENEEC) or the Pesticide Root Zone/Exposure Analysis Modeling System
(PRZM/EXAMS) to estimate pesticide concentrations in surface water and
SCI-GROW, which predicts pesticide concentrations in ground water. In
general, EPA will use GENEEC (a tier 1 model) before using PRZM/EXAMS
(a tier 2 model) for a screening-level assessment for surface water.
The GENEEC model is a subset of the PRZM/EXAMS model that uses a
specific high-end runoff scenario for pesticides. GENEEC incorporates a
farm pond scenario, while PRZM/EXAMS incorporate an index reservoir
environment in place of the previous pond scenario. The PRZM/EXAMS
model includes a percent crop (PC) area factor as an adjustment to
account for the maximum PC coverage within a watershed or drainage
basin.
None of these models include consideration of the impact processing
(mixing, dilution, or treatment) of raw water for distribution as
drinking water would likely have on the removal of pesticides from the
source water. The primary use of these models by the Agency at this
stage is to provide a coarse screen for sorting out pesticides for
which it is highly unlikely that drinking water concentrations would
ever exceed human health levels of concern.
Since the models used are considered to be screening tools in the
risk assessment process, the Agency does not use estimated
environmental concentrations (EECs) from these models to quantify
drinking water exposure and risk as a %RfD or %PAD. Instead drinking
water levels of comparison (DWLOCs) are calculated and used as a point
of comparison against the model estimates of a pesticide's
concentration in water. DWLOCs are theoretical upper limits on a
pesticide's concentration in drinking water in light of total aggregate
exposure to a pesticide in food, and from residential uses. Since
DWLOCs address total aggregate exposure to clethodim, they are further
discussed in the aggregate risk sections below.
Based on the GENEEC and SCI-GROW models, the EECs of clethodim for
chronic exposures are estimated to be 24.2 part per billion (ppb) for
surface water and 0.49 ppb for ground water.
3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control,
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).
Clethodim is not registered for use on any sites that would result
in residential exposure. Based on clethodim labels, Select
and Select 2EC are both available for weed control use in
residential and/or public areas. However, the registrant has indicated
that the product is not for use by homeowners. Therefore, homeowners
will not handle clethodim products, and a non-occupational handler
exposure assessment is not necessary. Following treatment by
professional applicators, the public could potentially come into
contact with clethodim residues in areas such as patios, along
driveways and around golf courses and fence lines. However, weed
control with clethodim in theses areas generally consists of a spot
treatment, resulting in a very small treated area, and it is unlikely
that children would be exposed to these treated areas. Therefore, a
non-occupational post-application exposure assessment was not
performed.
4. Cumulative exposure to substances with a common mechanism of
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that, when considering
whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency
consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative effects of
a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances that have a
common mechanism of toxicity.''
EPA does not have, at this time, available data to determine
whether clethodim has a common mechanism of toxicity with other
substances or how to include this pesticide in a cumulative risk
assessment. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a
cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity,
clethodim does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by
other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore,
EPA has not assumed that clethodim has a common mechanism of toxicity
with other substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to
determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to
evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the final rule
for Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (November 26, 1997 62 FR 62961).
D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children
1. Safety factor for infants and children--i. In general. FFDCA
section 408 provides that EPA shall apply an additional tenfold margin
of safety for infants and children in the case of threshold effects to
account for prenatal and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the
data base on toxicity and exposure unless EPA determines that a
different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children.
Margins of safety are incorporated into EPA risk assessments either
directly through use of a MOE analysis or through using uncertainty
(safety) factors in calculating a dose level that poses no appreciable
risk to humans.
ii. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. The oral perinatal and
prenatal data demonstrated no indication of increased sensitivity of
rats or rabbits to in utero exposure to clethodim.
iii. Conclusion. There is a complete toxicity data base for
clethodim and exposure data are complete or are estimated based on data
that reasonably account for potential exposures. Based on the above,
EPA determined that the 1X safety factor to protect infants and
children should be removed.
E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety
To estimate total aggregate exposure to a pesticide from food,
drinking water, and residential uses, the Agency calculates DWLOCs
which are used as a point of comparison against the model estimates of
a pesticide's concentration in water (EECs). DWLOC values are not
regulatory standards for drinking water. DWLOCs are theoretical upper
limits on a pesticide's concentration in drinking water in light of
total aggregate exposure to a pesticide in food and residential uses.
In calculating a DWLOC, the Agency determines how much of the
acceptable exposure (i.e., the PAD) is available for exposure through
drinking water e.g., allowable chronic water exposure milligram/
kilogram/day (mg/kg/day) = cPAD - (average food + residential
exposure). This allowable exposure through drinking water is used to
calculate a DWLOC.
A DWLOC will vary depending on the toxic endpoint, drinking water
consumption, and body weights. Default body weights and consumption
values as used by the USEPA Office of Water to calculate DWLOCs: 2L/70
kg (adult male), 2L/60 kg (adult female), and 1L/10 kg (child). Default
body weights and drinking water consumption values vary on an
individual basis. This variation will be taken into account in more
refined screening-level and quantitative drinking water exposure
assessments. Different populations will have different DWLOCs.
Generally, a DWLOC is calculated for each type of risk
[[Page 14835]]
assessment used: acute, short-term, intermediate-term, chronic, and
cancer.
When EECs for surface water and ground water are less than the
calculated DWLOCs, EPA concludes with reasonable certainty that
exposures to the pesticide in drinking water (when considered along
with other sources of exposure for which EPA has reliable data) would
not result in unacceptable levels of aggregate human health risk at
this time. Because EPA considers the aggregate risk resulting from
multiple exposure pathways associated with a pesticide's uses, levels
of comparison in drinking water may vary as those uses change. If new
uses are added in the future, EPA will reassess the potential impacts
of residues of the pesticide in drinking water as a part of the
aggregate risk assessment process.
1. Acute risk. An endpoint for acute dietary exposure was not
identified since no effects were observed in oral toxicity studies that
could be attributable to a single dose.
2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to clethodim
from food will utilize 29% of the cPAD for the U.S. population, 43% of
the cPAD for all infants < 1 year, and 60% of the cPAD for children 1-6
years old. There are no residential uses for clethodim that result in
chronic residential exposure to clethodim. In addition, there is
potential for chronic dietary exposure to clethodim in drinking water.
After calculating DWLOCs and comparing them to the EECs for surface and
ground water, EPA does not expect the aggregate exposure to exceed 100%
of the cPAD, as shown in the following Table 3:
Table 3.--Aggregate Risk Assessment for Chronic (Non-Cancer) Exposure to clethodim
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Surface Water EEC Ground Water EEC
Population Subgroup cPAD (mg/kg) %cPAD (Food) (ppb) (ppb) Chronic DWLOC (ppb)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S population (total) 0.01 29 24.2 0.49 250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All infants < 1 year) 0.01 43 24.2 0.49 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children 1-6 years 0.01 60 24.2 0.49 40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children 7-12 years 0.01 42 24.2 0.49 58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Females 13-50 years 0.01 22 24.2 0.49 230
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Short-term and intermediate-term risk. Aggregate exposure takes
into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and
water (considered to be a background exposure level).
Clethodim is not registered for use on any sites that would result
in residential exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the sum of
the risk from food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's level of
concern.
4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Clethodim has been
classified as a group E carcinogen. Therefore, clethodim is not
expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
5. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result
to the general population, and to infants and children from aggregate
exposure to clethodim residues.
IV. Other Considerations
A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology
The method RM-26B-3 (a modification of RM-26B-2) was validated by
IR-4 for potatoes, processed potato commodities, sugar beets,
sunflowers, bell peppers, non-bell peppers, celery, cantaloupes, and
clover. The LOQ was determined to be 0.1 ppm for cantaloupes and bell
peppers, 0.2 ppm for potatoes, sugar beets, sunflowers, celery and non-
bell peppers, and 0.5 ppm for clover. Average recoveries for all the
commodities were within the acceptable range at all fortification
levels tested. The common moiety method RM-26B-3 for the determination
of clethodim and its metabolites in potatoes, processed potato
commodities, sugar beets, sunflowers, bell peppers, non-bell peppers,
celery, cantaloupes, and clover is acceptable.
Method RM-26B-2 was validated by IR-4 for the analyses of residues
of clethodim in/on radish, carrots, cucumbers, cranberries, and
strawberries. The LOQ was determined to be 0.05 ppm for strawberries
and cranberries, 0.1 ppm for carrots, and 0.16 ppm for radish. Average
recoveries were within the acceptable range for all fortification
levels tested and all commodities. The method RM-26B-2 for the
determination of clethodim and its metabolites in radish, carrots
cucumbers, cranberries, and strawberries is acceptable for data
collection and meets the requirements for a residue analytical method
to enforce tolerances.
The common moiety method RM-26B-3 for the determination of
clethodim and its metabolites is similar to the common moiety method
RM-26B-2. The method RM-26B-2 and RM-26D-2 have completed an
Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV) and also have completed
Tolerance Methods Validations (TMVs) in the Agency's laboratory.
Additionally, the compound specific method, EPA-RM-26D-2 is also
available and is suitable for residue data collection and as a residue
analytical methold to enforce tolerances. Both methods have been
forwarded to the Food and Drug Administration for inclusion in a future
edition of the Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume II (PAM II).
The methods may be requested from: Francis Griffith, Analytical
Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Road, Fort
George G. Mead, Maryland, 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905;
e-mail address: [email protected].
B. International Residue Limits
There are no established Codex maximum residue limits (MRLs) for
residues of clethodim and its metabolites in/on the commodities
discussed in the subject petition; therefore, there are no questions
with respect to Codex/U.S. tolerance compatibility.
C. Conditions
Registration for members of the tuberous and corm vegetable,
subgroup and fruiting vegetables crop group will be made conditional
pending the submisson of additional residue field trials.
[[Page 14836]]
V. Conclusion
Therefore, these tolerances are established for combined residues
of clethodim, [[(E)-()-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-
propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-
cyclohexen-1-one] and its metabolites containing the 5-(2-
(ethylthiopropyl)cyclohexene-3-one and 5-(2-(ethylthiopropyl)-5-
hydroxycyclohexene-3-one moieties and their sulphoxides and sulphones,
in or on tuberous and corm vegetables at 1.0 ppm, potato granules/
flakes at 2.0 ppm, sugar beet tops at 1.0 ppm, sugar beet molasses at
1.0 ppm, sunflower seed at 5.0 ppm, sunflower meal at 10.0 ppm,
fruiting vegetable group, at 1.0 ppm, carrots at 0.50 ppm, radish roots
at 0.50 ppm, radish tops at 0.70 ppm, leaf petioles subgroup at 0.60
ppm, melon subgroup at 2.0 ppm, squash/cucumber subgroup at 0.50 ppm,
cranberry at 0.50 ppm, strawberry at 3.0 ppm, clover forage at 10.0
ppm, and clover hay at 20.0 ppm. Tolerances are amended for combined
residues of clethodim in or on sugar beet tops at 1.0 ppm and sugar
beet molasses at 1.0 ppm
VI. Objections and Hearing Requests
Under section 408(g) of the FFDCA, as amended by the FQPA, any
person may file an objection to any aspect of this regulation and may
also request a hearing on those objections. The EPA procedural
regulations which govern the submission of objections and requests for
hearings appear in 40 CFR part 178. Although the procedures in those
regulations require some modification to reflect the amendments made to
the FFDCA by the FQPA of 1996, EPA will continue to use those
procedures, with appropriate adjustments, until the necessary
modifications can be made. The new section 408(g) provides essentially
the same process for persons to ``object'' to a regulation for an
exemption from the requirement of a tolerance issued by EPA under new
section 408(d), as was provided in the old FFDCA sections 408 and 409.
However, the period for filing objections is now 60 days, rather than
30 days.
A. What Do I Need to Do to File an Objection or Request a Hearing?
You must file your objection or request a hearing on this
regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in this unit
and in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must
identify docket control number OPP-301105 in the subject line on the
first page of your submission. All requests must be in writing, and
must be mailed or delivered to the Hearing Clerk on or before May 14,
2001.
1. Filing the request. Your objection must specify the specific
provisions in the regulation that you object to, and the grounds for
the objections (40 CFR 178.25). If a hearing is requested, the
objections must include a statement of the factual issues(s) on which a
hearing is requested, the requestor's contentions on such issues, and a
summary of any evidence relied upon by the objector (40 CFR 178.27).
Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing
request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that
information as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except
in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the
information that does not contain CBI must be submitted for inclusion
in the public record. Information not marked confidential may be
disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.
Mail your written request to: Office of the Hearing Clerk 1900,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,
Washington, DC 20460. You may also deliver your request to the Office
of the Hearing Clerk in Rm. C400, Waterside Mall, 401 M St., SW.,
Washington, DC 20460. The Office of the Hearing Clerk is open from 8
a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Office of the Hearing Clerk is (202) 260-4865.
2. Tolerance fee payment. If you file an objection or request a
hearing, you must also pay the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33(i) or
request a waiver of that fee pursuant to 40 CFR 180.33(m). You must
mail the fee to: EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch, Office
of Pesticide Programs, P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. Please
identify the fee submission by labeling it ``Tolerance Petition Fees.''
EPA is authorized to waive any fee requirement ``when in the
judgement of the Administrator such a waiver or refund is equitable and
not contrary to the purpose of this subsection.'' For additional
information regarding the waiver of these fees, you may contact James
Tompkins by phone at (703) 305-5697, by e-mail at [email protected],
or by mailing a request for information to Mr. Tompkins at Registration
Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
If you would like to request a waiver of the tolerance objection
fees, you must mail your request for such a waiver to: James Hollins,
Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of
Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania
Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
3. Copies for the docket. In addition to filing an objection or
hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as described in Unit VI.A., you
should also send a copy of your request to the PIRIB for its inclusion
in the official record that is described in Unit I.B.2. Mail your
copies, identified by docket control number OPP-301105, to: Public
Information and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and
Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
In person or by courier, bring a copy to the location of the PIRIB
described in Unit I.B.2. You may also send an electronic copy of your
request via e-mail to: [email protected]. Please use an ASCII file
format and avoid the use of special characters and any form of
encryption. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests will
also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 or ASCII file format.
Do not include any CBI in your electronic copy. You may also submit an
electronic copy of your request at many Federal Depository Libraries.
B. When Will the Agency Grant a Request for a Hearing?
A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator
determines that the material submitted shows the following: There is a
genuine and substantial issue of fact; there is a reasonable
possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would,
if established resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the
requestor, taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the
contrary; and resolution of the factual issues(s) in the manner sought
by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested (40
CFR 178.32).
VII. Regulatory Assessment Requirements
This final rule establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d)
in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and
Review (October 4, 1993 58 FR 51735). This final rule does not contain
any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., or impose any enforceable
duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the
Unfunded Mandates
[[Page 14837]]
Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any
prior special consultations under Executive Order 12898, entitled
Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority
Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629 February 16, 1994);
or OMB review or any Agency action under Executive Order 13045,
entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and
Safety Risks (FR 19885 April 23, 1997). This action does not involve
any technical standards that would require Agency consideration of
voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law
104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). Since tolerances and
exemptions that are established on the basis of a petition under FFDCA
section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this final rule, do not
require the issuance of a proposed rule, the requirements of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply.
In addition, the Agency has determined that this action will not have a
substantial direct effect on States, on the relationship between the
national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified
in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (August 10, 1999 64 FR
43255). Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to develop an accountable
process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by State and local
officials in the development of regulatory policies that have
federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have federalism
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations
that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government.'' This final rule directly regulates growers, food
processors, food handlers and food retailers, not States. This action
does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). For these same reasons, the Agency has
determined that this rule does not have any ``tribal implications'' as
described in Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and
Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 6,
2000). Executive Order 13175, requires EPA to develop an accountable
process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by tribal officials in
the development of regulatory policies that have tribal implications.''
``Policies that have tribal implications'' is defined in the Executive
Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on
one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal
government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes.''
This rule will not have substantial direct effects on tribal
governments, on the relationship between the Federal government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal government and Indian tribes, as specified in
Executive Order 13175. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to
this rule.
VIII. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. This final
rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: February 26, 2001.
James Jones,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346(a) and 371.
Sec. 180.458 Clethodim ((E)-()-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-
propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-
cyclohexen-1-one); tolerances for residues.
2. Section 180.458 is amended by revising the table in paragraph
(a)(3), removing paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(6), and redesignating
paragraph (a)(5) as paragraph (a)(4) to read as follows:
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commodity Parts per million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0
Beet, sugar, roots 0.20
Beet, sugar, tops 1.0
Carrot 0.50
Cranberry 0.50
Clover, forage 10.0
Clover, hay 20.0
Fruiting group, vegetable 1.0
Leaf petioles subgroup 0.60
Melon subgroup 2.0
Onion, dry bulb 0.20
Potato, granules/flakes 2.0
Radish, roots 0.50
Radish, tops 0.70
Squash/cucumber subgroup 0.50
Strawberry 3.0
Sunflower, meal 10.0
Sunflower, seed 5.0
Vegetable, tuberous and corm group 1.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 01-6185 Filed 3-13-01; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-S