[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 233 (Wednesday, December 4, 2002)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72276-72327]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-29073]
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Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Part 63
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 233 / Wednesday, December 4, 2002 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 72276]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[FRL-7385-7]
RIN 2060-AG57
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for plastic parts and products surface coating
operations located at major sources of hazardous air pollutants (HAP).
The proposed standards would implement section 112(d) of the Clean Air
Act (CAA) by requiring these operations to meet HAP emission standards
reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control technology
(MACT). The proposed rule would protect air quality and promote the
public health by reducing emissions of HAP emitted in the largest
quantities by facilities in the surface coating of plastic parts and
products source category to include methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl
isobutyl ketone (MIBK), toluene, and xylenes. Exposure to these
substances has been demonstrated to cause adverse health effects such
as irritation of the lung, skin, and mucous membranes, and effects on
the central nervous system, liver, and heart. In general, these
findings have only been shown with concentrations higher than those
typically in the ambient air. The proposed standards would reduce
nationwide HAP emissions from major sources in this source category by
approximately 80 percent.
DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before February 3, 2003.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing, they should do so by December 24, 2002. If requested, a
public hearing will be held within approximately 30 days following
publication of this notice in the Federal Register.
ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, written comments should be
submitted (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center (6102T), Attention Docket Number A-99-12, U.S. EPA,
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460. In person or by
courier, deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and
Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102T), Attention Docket
Number A-99-12, U.S. EPA, Public Reading Room, Room B102, EPA West
Building, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20460. The EPA
requests a separate copy also be sent to the contact person listed in
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the
new EPA facility complex in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. You
should contact Ms. Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group,
Emission Standards Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-7946, to request
to speak at a public hearing or to find out if a hearing will be held.
Docket. Docket No. A-99-12 contains supporting information used in
developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the U.S.
EPA, Public Reading Room, Room B102, EPA West Building, 1301
Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20460, and may be inspected from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Kim Teal, Coatings and Consumer
Products Group, Emission Standards Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-5580;
facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail (e-mail) address:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted
by e-mail to: [email protected]. Electronic comments must be
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in
WordPerfect[reg] file format. All comments and data submitted in
electronic form must note the docket number: A-99-12. No confidential
business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic
comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not
inadvertently placed in the docket: Ms. Kim Teal, c/o OAQPS Document
Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709. The EPA will disclose information identified
as CBI only to the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR
part 2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it
is received by EPA, the information may be made available to the public
without further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms.
Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards
Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; telephone number (919) 541-7946 at least 2 days in advance of
the public hearing. Persons interested in attending the public hearing
should also contact Ms. Eck to verify the time, date, and location of
the hearing. The public hearing will provide interested parties the
opportunity to present data, views, or arguments concerning the
proposed emission standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the
information considered by EPA in the development of this rulemaking.
The docket is a dynamic file because material is added throughout the
rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to allow members
of the public and industries involved to readily identify and locate
documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking
process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards and their
preambles, the contents of the docket will serve as the record in the
case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The
regulatory text and other materials related to this rulemaking are
available for review in the docket or copies may be mailed on request
from the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center by calling
(202) 566-1742. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying docket
materials.
World Wide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of this proposed rule will also be available on the
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature
by the EPA Administrator, a copy of the proposed rule will be posted on
the TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated
rules at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and
technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more
information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at
(919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. The source category definition includes
facilities that apply coatings to plastic parts and
[[Page 72277]]
products. In general, facilities that coat plastic parts and products
are covered under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and
North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes listed in
Table 1. However, facilities classified under other SIC or NAICS codes
may be subject to the proposed standards if they meet the applicability
criteria. Not all facilities classified under the SIC and NAICS codes
in the following table will be subject to the proposed standards
because some of the classifications cover products outside the scope of
the NESHAP for plastic parts and products.
Table 1.--Categories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Proposed Standards
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Examples of potentially
Category SIC NAICS regulated entities
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Industrial........................ 2522 337214................................ Office furniture, except
wood.
3086 32614, 32615.......................... Plastic foam products
(e.g., pool floats,
wrestling mats, life
jackets).
3089 326199................................ Plastic products not
elsewhere classified
(e.g., name plates, coin
holders, storage boxes,
license plate housings,
cosmetic caps, cup
holders).
3579 333313................................ Office machines.
3663 33422................................. Radio and television
broadcasting and
communications equipment
(e.g., cellular
telephones).
3711 336211................................ Motor Vehicle Body
Manufacturing.
3714 336399................................ Motor vehicle parts and
accessories.
3715 336212................................ Truck Trailer
Manufacturing.
3716 336213................................ Motor Home Manufacturing.
3792 336214................................ Travel Trailer and Camper
Manufacturing.
3799 336999................................ Transportation equipment
not elsewhere classified
(e.g., snowmobile hoods,
running boards, tractor
body panels, personal
watercraft parts).
3841 339111, 339112........................ Medical equipment and
supplies.
3949 33992................................. Sporting and athletic
goods.
3993 33995................................. Signs and advertising
specialties.
3999 339999................................ Manufacturing industries
not elsewhere classified
(e.g., bezels, consoles,
panels, lenses).
Federal, State, and Local ......... ...................................... Government owned or
Governments. operated facilities that
perform plastic parts
and products surface
coating. Examples
include Department of
Defense facilities.
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your coating operation is regulated by
this action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.4481 of the proposed rule. If you have any questions regarding the
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as
follows:
I. Background
A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
C. What are the health effects associated with HAP emissions
from the surface coating of plastic parts and products?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What source categories and subcategories are affected by this
proposed rule?
B. What is the relationship to other rules?
C. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the
emissions?
D. What is the affected source?
E. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and other
standards?
F. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
G. What are the continuous compliance provisions?
H. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
B. How did we select the regulated pollutants?
C. How did we select the affected source?
D. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed
standards for existing and new sources?
E. How did we select the format of the proposed standards?
F. How did we select the testing and initial compliance
requirements?
G. How did we select the continuous compliance requirements?
H. How did we select the notification, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements?
I. How did we select the compliance date?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the air impacts?
B. What are the cost impacts?
C. What are the economic impacts?
D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5
U.S.C. 601, et seq.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The Plastic
Parts and Products (Surface Coating) category of major sources was
listed on July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576) under the Surface Coating
Processes industry group. Major sources of HAP are those that emit or
have the potential to emit equal to, or greater than, 9.1
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megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (10 tons per year (tpy)) of any one HAP or
22.7 Mg/yr (25 tpy) of any combination of HAP.
B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the
control of HAP from both new and existing major sources. The CAA
requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control is commonly
referred to as the MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new sources, the
MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the emission control that is
achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT
standards for existing sources can be less stringent than standards for
new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average
emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of
existing sources in the category or subcategory (or the best-performing
five sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than 30
sources).
In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent
than the floor based on the consideration of the cost of achieving the
emission reductions, any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements.
C. What Are the Health Effects Associated With HAP Emissions From the
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products?
The major HAP emitted from the plastic parts and products surface
coating industry include MEK, MIBK, toluene, and xylenes. These
compounds account for over 85 percent of the nationwide HAP emissions
from this source category. Other HAP identified in emissions include
ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) and glycol ethers. The HAP that
would be controlled with this proposed rule are associated with a
variety of adverse health effects. These adverse health effects include
chronic health disorders (e.g., birth defects and effects on the
central nervous system, liver, and heart), and acute health disorders
(e.g., irritation of the lung, skin, and mucous membranes, and effects
on the central nervous system).
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by the proposed emission standards for this source
category, and the people living around the facilities, that would be
necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population
exposures to the HAP emitted from these facilities and potential for
resultant health effects. Therefore, we do not know the extent to which
the adverse health effects described above occur in the populations
surrounding these facilities. However, to the extent the adverse
effects do occur, the proposed rule would reduce emissions and
subsequent exposures.
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected By This
Proposed Rule?
The proposed rule will apply to you if you own or operate a plastic
parts and products surface coating facility that is a major source, or
is located at a major source, or is part of a major source of HAP
emissions. We have defined a plastic parts and products surface coating
facility as any facility engaged in the surface coating of any plastic
part or product.
You will not be subject to the proposed rule if your plastic parts
and products surface coating facility is located at an area source. An
area source of HAP is any facility that has the potential to emit HAP
but is not a major source. You may establish area source status by
limiting the source's potential to emit HAP through appropriate
mechanisms available through your permitting authority.
The source category does not include research or laboratory
facilities or janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations, or hobby shops that are operated for personal rather than
commercial purposes. The source category also does not include coating
of magnet wire, coating of plastics to produce fiberglass boats (except
post-mold coating of personal watercraft or their parts), or the
extrusion of plastic onto a part or product to form a coating. Post-
mold coating of personal watercraft and their parts is included in the
source category.
This source category also does not include surface coating of
plastic parts and products that would be subject to certain other
subparts of 40 CFR part 63. In particular, it does not include the
following coating operations:
(1) Coating operations that are subject to the aerospace
manufacturing and rework facilities NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart
GG).
(2) Operations coating plastic and wood that are subject to the
wood furniture NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart JJ).
(3) Operations coating plastic and metal parts of large appliances
that are subject to the large appliance surface coating NESHAP (40 CFR
part 63, subpart NNNN, 67 FR 48254, July 23, 2002).
(4) Operations coating plastic and metal parts of metal furniture
that would be subject to the proposed metal furniture surface coating
NESHAP (67 FR 20206, April 24, 2002).
(5) Operations coating plastic and wood parts of wood building
products that would be subject to the proposed wood building products
surface coating NESHAP (67 FR 42400, June 21, 2002).
(6) In-mold and gel coating operations in manufacturing of
reinforced plastic composites that are subject to the proposed
reinforced plastics composites production NESHAP (66 FR 40324, August
2, 2001).
(7) Surface coating of parts that are pre-assembled from plastic
and metal components, where greater than 50 percent of the surface area
coated is metal and subject to the proposed NESHAP for the surface
coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products (subpart MMMM of part
63; 67 FR 52780, August 13, 2002). If you can demonstrate that more
than 50 percent of the surface area coated is comprised of metal, then
you would need to demonstrate compliance only with the proposed NESHAP
for miscellaneous metal parts and products (proposed subpart MMMM of
part 63; 67 FR 52780, August 13, 2002). You must maintain records to
document that more than 50 percent of the surface area coated is metal.
We have established four subcategories in the plastic parts and
products surface coating source category: (1) General use coating, (2)
thermoplastic olefin (TPO) coating, (3) headlamp coating, and (4)
assembled on-road vehicle coating. The general use coating subcategory
includes all plastic parts and products coating operations except TPO,
headlamp, and assembled on-road vehicle coating. This includes
operations that coat a wide variety of substrates, surfaces, and types
of plastic parts, as well as more specialized coating scenarios. Each
subcategory consists of all coating operations, including associated
surface
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preparation, equipment cleaning, mixing, storage, and waste handling.
As discussed in section III.A. of this preamble, our analysis of
data currently available to us indicates that while subcategories for
headlamp coating, TPO coating, and assembled on-road vehicle coating
are appropriate, there is no need for further subcategorization. We
are, however, interested in public comments regarding whether there is
additional information that would indicate the need for a separate
subcategory for other plastic coating operations. Subcategorization may
be appropriate in operations that employ separate and distinct
processes for which there is no technology available (including
reformulation) to allow compliance with the general use limits. We
welcome public comments and data on any additional separate and
distinct coating operations, including facility-specific data on
processes, coating and cleaning material usage, emissions, and control
techniques that may require consideration for subcategorization.
Late in development of the proposed rule, Department of Defense
(DoD) stakeholders approached EPA and suggested that their operations
are distinctly different from the kinds of operations addressed in
these standards. Furthermore, DoD operations may present unique
challenges in permitting, demonstrating compliance, and enforcement of
potentially overlapping regulations. The DoD stakeholders suggested
that a separate subcategory or source category dealing with multiple
surface coating operations performed by DoD civilian and military
personnel or performed at DoD installations may be appropriate.
Some of the specific concerns expressed by DoD stakeholders include
the requirement to purchase materials that meet military specifications
for their surface coating operations. Military specifications are
typically based on the coating's performance characteristics (e.g.,
chemical agent resistance), and the coatings must often be compatible
with multiple substrates. These materials are purchased using a stock
number which could represent hundreds of different formulations that
meet the performance specifications; however, the HAP content of such
materials could fluctuate widely between formulations. Additionally,
since the materials may be used at the maintenance depot, DoD
installation, or in the field, the options available to achieve
emissions reductions (e.g., add-on control technology) could be
limited. Furthermore, much of DoD equipment is coated as an assembled
product comprised of as many as five different substrates, in a wide
range of shapes and sizes, which must be capable of serving in a
multitude of challenging environments and situations. We are currently
evaluating the need for a DoD source category or subcategory, and we
request comment on the appropriate approach for addressing unique DoD
coating operations.
An alternative approach to establishing separate emission limits
for each subcategory would be to establish a ``multi-component''
emission limit for the entire source category. A multi-component
approach could allow sources to calculate a source-specific emission
limit based on a weighted-average using the MACT limit and the
percentage solids for each component of the limit. The source would
then calculate its emission rate to determine compliance with the
source-specific emission limit.
The source-specific emission limit would be calculated as follows:
Emission Limit = [``component A'' MACT limit) x (``component A''
%solids)]+ [``component B'' MACT limit) x (``component B'' % solids)]
The source's emission rate would be calculated as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.000
The source-specific approach would allow averaging between the
different components of the multi-component emission limit. However,
there would be some additional requirements. In addition to the
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements included in these
proposed standards, the multi-component emission limit approach would
require a source to calculate and record the source-specific emission
limit each month. The calculation would reflect a rolling 12-month
compliance period based on the amount of coating solids used for each
separate component during each rolling 12-month period.
We are requesting comments on the feasibility, and burden
associated with each of the approaches (i.e., subcategory or multi-
component emission limits). Comments should include specific examples
and supporting information for the advantages and disadvantages of each
approach.
B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?
Affected sources subject to the proposed rule may also be subject
to other rules if they perform surface coating of parts or products
that are regulated by other NESHAP. For example, there may be
facilities that coat plastic and metal parts using the same or
different coatings, coating application processes, and conveyance
equipment, either simultaneously or at alternative times. These
facilities could be required to demonstrate compliance with two surface
coating NESHAP (e.g., proposed subparts MMMM (67 FR 52780, August 13,
2002) and PPPP) with limits based on different units (i.e., pounds HAP
emitted per gallon of coating solids used versus pounds HAP emitted per
pound of coating solids used) and possibly different compliance dates.
Furthermore, because their operations may not be dedicated to
particular parts or products (e.g., job shops or contract coaters),
their compliance requirements could vary over time due to fluctuations
in their operations. These types of facilities may present unique
challenges with respect to permitting, demonstrating compliance (e.g.,
possibly dual recordkeeping and reporting requirements), and
enforcement.
Historically, EPA has handled this situation by giving facilities
the option of complying with the NESHAP with the most stringent
emission limits (i.e., the NESHAP that results in the lowest emissions
from the affected source), in lieu of complying with each otherwise
applicable NESHAP. This option would require sources to demonstrate
which of the applicable standards is the most stringent. This
demonstration is necessary because, as stated previously, the emission
limits may be expressed in different units. Under this compliance
option, once the demonstration is made, a facility would ensure that
all coating operations covered by a NESHAP comply with the single, more
stringent NESHAP. This option allows a facility operational
flexibility, while ensuring that the facility is in compliance with the
requirements of the CAA (i.e.,
[[Page 72280]]
achieving emissions reductions consistent with section 112(d)). This
option may also simplify permitting and provide clarity for compliance
and enforcement. The EPA believes that this approach towards addressing
potentially overlapping regulations is appropriate in this proposed
rule and solicits comments on the desirability of providing such a
compliance option.
A second option which may provide facilities with the desired
operational flexibility is the ``predominant activity'' approach which
was shared with stakeholders in May 2001. This approach would allow a
facility to determine the predominant coating activity (e.g., plastic
parts) among all the coating activities that are subject to a NESHAP
(e.g., plastic parts and miscellaneous metal products) and demonstrate
compliance with the NESHAP established for the source category
represented by the predominant activity. A source not electing to
comply with the predominant activity option would continue to be
subject to separate NESHAP and would need to demonstrate compliance
with each one.
Although EPA received encouraging feedback for a predominant
activity approach from many stakeholders (e.g., industry
representatives, State and local authorities), there were few
suggestions on either how to measure and document predominant (e.g.,
surface area coated, volume solids used, etc.) or the appropriate
criteria for establishing which activity is predominant (e.g., a
numerical percent of the facility's surface coating operations that
would qualify appropriately as predominant).
In defining a predominant activity approach, the criteria used to
define predominant should, for practical reasons, minimize fluctuation
of the predominant activity between different source categories at job
shops/contract coaters. In addition, the basis (e.g., surface area
coated, volume solids used, etc.) for measuring predominant would need
to be established and should be suitable for all sources. One possible
way to help minimize fluctuation over time in what is identified as the
predominant activity would be to base predictions about which activity
would be predominant on appropriate records for the most recent 3-5
years. Sources would then comply with the NESHAP relevant to that
predominant activity under its operating permit and would have the
opportunity to review its predominant activity designation, and modify
as appropriate, during each permit renewal.
In implementing a predominant activity option, EPA needs to balance
good public policy (avoiding overlapping regulations where feasible and
sensible) with ensuring emissions reductions consistent with the
legislative mandate of sections 112(d)(3) and (i)(3) of the CAA (i.e.,
ensuring emission reductions achieved under the predominant activity
option are comparable to those achieved through compliance with each
applicable NESHAP separately). We specifically request comment on how a
predominant activity approach should be structured to ensure that
emission reductions achieved are consistent with the requirements of
sections 112(d)(3) and (i)(3).
A third option under consideration is the development of a
subcategory for facilities with coating operations that would otherwise
be subject to more than one coating NESHAP. Based on survey data
collected under CAA section 114, we would establish a MACT floor that
reflects HAP emission rates from the relevant coating operations. The
practical advantages associated with this approach are similar to the
benefits stated for the more stringent NESHAP approach (i.e.,
simplification of permitting, clarity of requirements, and achieving
mandated emissions reductions). This approach may also limit the need
for separate tracking systems for surface coating operations. A
disadvantage with this option is that it may not afford facilities as
much operational flexibility as the other two options.
A fourth option is to expand the definition of the source category
and four subcategories currently under consideration to include
``incidental'' surface coating operations being performed on other
substrates (e.g. metal) that meet the applicability criteria for
another surface coating source category. Under this approach, a
facility could demonstrate that a specified percentage of its NESHAP-
regulated surface coating activities are within the scope of a specific
category or subcategory. The remaining NESHAP-regulated coating
operations would be considered incidental for purposes of determining
which category or subcategory the overall operations were in, as they
would represent a small portion of the total coating operations. Once
this demonstration is made, all NESHAP-regulated coating operations
conducted at the facility would be included in, and subject to, the
emission limitations for the primary source category.
We request comment on the feasibility, benefits, and disadvantages
associated with each option presented. We also request comment on
additional options for consideration. For all options, we request
facility-specific data that would support the recommended option. These
data include information on the processes; coating and cleaning
material usage; the proportion of coating and cleaning material being
used with different substrates; and the difference in the emission
reductions achieved based on complying with each applicable NESHAP
separately and the option being recommended. Additionally, we request
comment and supporting documentation on the criteria (e.g., numerical
percentage) and basis (e.g., surface area coated) for determining
predominant activity and defining incidental operations. Finally, we
request comment on the burden associated with monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting for each option.
Standards of Performance for Industrial Surface Coating: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts for Business Machines--40 CFR Part 60, Subpart
TTT
The new source performance standards (NSPS) for plastic parts for
business machines apply to facilities that apply coatings to plastic
parts for use in business machines that began construction,
reconstruction, or modification after January 8, 1986. The pollutants
regulated are volatile organic compounds (VOC). Emissions of VOC are
limited to 1.5 kilogram VOC per liter (kg VOC/liter) of coating solids
applied for primers and color coats, and 2.3 kg VOC/liter of coating
solids applied for texture coatings and touch-up coatings. The affected
facility is each individual spray booth.
The proposed rule differs from the NSPS in three ways. First, the
affected source for the proposed rule is defined broadly as the
collection of all coating operations and related activities and
equipment at the facility, whereas the affected facility for the NSPS
is defined narrowly as each individual spray booth. The broader
definition of an affected source allows a facility's emissions to be
combined for compliance purposes. Second, the proposed rule regulates
organic HAP. While most, although not all, organic HAP emitted from
plastic parts and products surface coating operations are VOC, some VOC
are not listed as HAP. Therefore, the NSPS regulate a potentially
different range of pollutants than the proposed NESHAP. Third, the HAP
emission limitations in the proposed rule are based on the amount of
coating solids used at the affected source. The VOC limitations in the
NSPS are based on the amount of coating solids actually applied to the
[[Page 72281]]
plastic parts and products, which necessitates estimates of transfer
efficiency in the compliance calculations.
Because of the differences between the NSPS and the proposed
NESHAP, compliance with either rule cannot be deemed compliance with
the other. A plastic parts and products surface coating operation that
meets the applicability requirements of both the NSPS and the proposed
NESHAP must comply with both. Overlapping reporting, recordkeeping, and
monitoring requirements may be resolved through your title V permit.
Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities NESHAP (40 CFR Part 63,
Subpart GG)
The aerospace NESHAP establish HAP and VOC emission limitations for
aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities that produce or repair
aerospace vehicles (e.g., airplanes, helicopters, space vehicles) or
vehicle parts. The aerospace NESHAP apply only to parts and assemblies
that are critical to the aerospace vehicle's structural integrity or
flight performance. Therefore, the possibility exists that some
facilities would be subject to the requirements of both the aerospace
NESHAP and the proposed plastic parts and products surface coating
NESHAP. For example, a facility that performs maintenance operations
consisting of both exterior and interior reconstruction and overhaul of
commercial airplanes may perform coating of plastic parts, such as tray
tables and seat panels, that are not considered critical to the
structural integrity or flight performance. These parts may be removed
from the airplane and painted on-site to cover scratches and other wear
marks before being reinstalled. Such coating activities and associated
equipment would be subject to the proposed plastic parts and products
coating NESHAP.
We do not foresee that any conflicts will exist between the
requirements for the aerospace NESHAP and the proposed plastic parts
and products surface coating NESHAP. If a plastic part that is critical
to the aerospace vehicle's structural integrity or flight performance
is coated, the coating operation for that part will fall under the
aerospace NESHAP. Only plastic parts that are not critical to the
aerospace vehicle's structural integrity or flight performance will
fall under the proposed plastic parts and products surface coating
NESHAP.
C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?
The proposed NESHAP would regulate emissions of organic HAP.
Available emission data collected during the development of the
proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP emitted from plastic
parts and products surface coating operations include MEK, MIBK,
toluene, and xylenes. These compounds account for over 85 percent of
this source category's nationwide organic HAP emissions. Other organic
HAP emissions identified include EGBE and glycol ethers. The majority
of organic HAP emissions from a facility engaged in plastic parts and
products surface coating operations can be attributed to the
application, drying, and curing of coatings. The remaining emissions
are primarily from cleaning operations. In most cases, organic HAP
emissions from mixing, storage, and waste handling are relatively
small.
The organic HAP emissions associated with coatings (the term
``coatings'' includes protective and decorative coatings as well as
adhesives) occur due to volatilization of solvents and carriers.
Coatings are most often applied either by using a spray gun in a spray
booth or by dipping the substrate in a tank containing the coating. In
a spray booth, volatile components evaporate from the coating as it is
applied to the part and from the overspray. The coated part then passes
through a flash-off area where additional volatiles evaporate from the
coating. Finally, the coated part passes through a drying/curing oven,
or is allowed to air dry, where the remaining volatiles are evaporated.
Organic HAP emissions also occur from the activities undertaken
during cleaning operations where solvent is used to remove coating
residue or other unwanted materials. Cleaning in this industry includes
cleaning of spray guns and transfer lines (e.g., tubing or piping),
tanks, and the interior of spray booths. Cleaning also includes
applying solvents to manufactured parts prior to coating application
and to equipment (e.g., cleaning rollers, pumps, conveyors, etc.).
Mixing and storage are other sources of emissions. Organic HAP
emissions can occur from displacement of organic vapor-laden air in
containers used to store organic HAP solvents or to mix coatings
containing organic HAP solvents. The displacement of vapor-laden air
can occur during the filling of containers and can be caused by changes
in temperature or barometric pressure, or by agitation during mixing.
Volatilization of organic HAP can also occur during waste handling.
D. What Is the Affected Source?
We define an affected source as a stationary source, a group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The proposed standards define the affected
source as the collection of all operations associated with the surface
coating of plastic parts and products within each of the four
subcategories (TPO, headlamps, assembled on-road vehicle and general
use). These operations include preparation of a coating for application
(e.g., mixing with thinners or other additives); surface preparation of
the plastic parts and products; coating application and flash-off;
drying and/or curing of applied coatings; cleaning of equipment used in
surface coating; storage of coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials;
and handling and conveyance of waste materials from the surface coating
operations. The coating operation does not include the application of
coatings using hand-held aerosol containers.
A few facilities have coating operations in more than one
subcategory. For example, a few facilities have TPO coating operations
that are in the TPO coating subcategory and also have other plastic
parts and products coating operations that are in the general use
coating subcategory. In such a case, the facility would have two
separate affected sources: (1) The collection of all operations
associated with the surface coating of TPO, and (2) the collection of
all operations associated with general use coating. Each of these
affected sources would be required to meet the emission limits that
apply to its subcategory.
Another example of a facility with coating operations in more than
one subcategory would be a facility that assembles and paints motor
homes. The use of adhesives, caulks, sealants, and associated materials
in assembling the motor home would be in the general use coating
subcategory and would constitute one affected source. The use of
coatings and associated materials in painting the assembled motor home
would be in the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory and would
constitute a second affected source.
E. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?
Emission Limits. We are proposing to limit organic HAP emissions
from each existing affected source using the emission limits in Table
2. The proposed emission limits for each new
[[Page 72282]]
or reconstructed affected source are given in Table 3.
Table 2.--Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organic HAP emission
limit you must meet, in kg
For any affected source applying coating organic HAP emitted/kg
to . . . coating solids used (lb
organic HAP source emitted/
lb coating solids used), is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TPO substrates............................ 0.23
Headlamps................................. 0.45
Aassembled on-road vehicles............... 1.34
Other (general use) plastic parts and 0.16
products.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organic HAP emission
limit you must meet, in kg
For any affected source applying coating organic HAP emitted/kg
to . . . coating solids used (lb
organic HAP emitted/lb
coating solids used), is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TPO substrates............................ 0.17
Headlamps................................. 0.26
Assembled on-road vehicles................ 1.34
Other (general use) plastic parts and 0.16
products.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can choose from several compliance options in the proposed rule
to achieve the emission limits. You could comply by applying materials
(coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials) that
meet the emission limits, either individually or collectively, during
each compliance period. You could also use a capture system and add-on
control device to meet the emission limits. You could also comply by
using a combination of both approaches.
Operating Limits. If you reduce emissions by using a capture system
and add-on control device (other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance), the proposed
operating limits would apply to you. These limits are site-specific
parameter limits that you determine during the initial performance test
of the system. For capture systems that are not permanent total
enclosures, you would establish average volumetric flow rates or duct
static pressure limits for each capture device (e.g., a hood or
enclosure) in each capture system. For capture systems that are
permanent total enclosures, you would establish limits on average
facial velocity or pressure drop across openings in the enclosure.
For thermal oxidizers, you would monitor the combustion
temperature. For catalytic oxidizers, you would monitor the temperature
immediately before and after the catalyst bed, or you would monitor the
temperature before the catalyst bed and prepare and implement an
inspection and maintenance plan that includes periodic catalyst
activity checks. For carbon adsorbers for which you do not conduct a
liquid-liquid material balance, you would monitor the carbon bed
temperature and the amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed.
For condensers for which you do not conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance, you would monitor the outlet gas temperature from the
condenser. For concentrators, you would monitor the temperature of the
desorption stream and the pressure drop across the concentrator.
The site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect
operation of the capture system and control device during a performance
test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits during
representative operating conditions.
Work Practice Standards. If you use an emission capture system and
control device for compliance, you would be required to develop and
implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions from
mixing operations, storage tanks and other containers, and handling
operations for coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste
materials.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to develop and operate according to a startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control device.
The NESHAP General Provisions at 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, codify
certain procedures and criteria for all 40 CFR part 63 NESHAP and would
apply to you as indicated in the proposed rule. The General Provisions
contain administrative procedures, preconstruction review procedures
for new sources, and procedures for conducting compliance-related
activities such as notifications, reporting and recordkeeping,
performance testing, and monitoring. The proposed rule refers to
individual sections of the General Provisions to emphasize key sections
that are relevant. However, unless specifically overridden in the
proposed rule, all of the applicable General Provisions requirements
would apply to you.
F. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
Existing affected sources would have to be in compliance with the
final rule no later than 3 years after the effective date of the final
rule. New and reconstructed sources would have to be in compliance upon
initial startup of the affected source or by the effective date of the
final rule, whichever is later. The effective date is the date on which
the final rule is published in the Federal Register. However, affected
sources would not be required to demonstrate compliance until the end
of the initial compliance period when they will have accumulated the
necessary records to document the rolling 12-month organic HAP emission
rate.
Compliance with the emission limits is based on a rolling 12-month
organic HAP emission rate determined each month. Each 12-month period
is a compliance period. The initial compliance period, therefore, is
the 12-month period beginning on the compliance date. If the compliance
date occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the
initial compliance period begins on the compliance date and extends
through the end of that month plus the following 12 months. We have
defined ``month'' as a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28
to 35 days to allow for flexibility at sources where data are based on
a business accounting period.
Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the proposed emission
limitations during the initial compliance period. However, they will
not have accumulated the records for the rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate until the end of the initial compliance period. At the
end of the initial compliance period, the owner or operator would use
the data and records generated to determine whether or not the affected
source is in compliance with the organic HAP emission limit and other
applicable requirements for that period. If the affected source does
not meet the applicable limit and other requirements, it is out of
compliance.
Emission Limits. There are three proposed options for complying
with
[[Page 72283]]
the proposed emission limits, and the testing and initial compliance
requirements vary accordingly. You may choose to use one compliance
option for the entire affected source, or you may use different
compliance options for different coating operations within the affected
source. You may also use different compliance options for the same
coating operation at different times.
Option 1: Compliant Materials
This option is a pollution prevention option that allows you to
easily demonstrate compliance by using low-HAP or non-HAP coatings and
other materials. If you use coatings that, based on their organic HAP
content, individually meet the kg (pound (lb)) organic HAP emitted per
kg (lb) coating solids used levels in the applicable emission limits
and you use non-HAP thinners and other additives and cleaning
materials, this compliance option is available to you. For this option,
we have minimized recordkeeping and reporting requirements. You can
demonstrate compliance by using manufacturer's formulation data and
readily available purchase records to determine the organic HAP content
of each coating or other material and the amount of each material used.
You would not need to perform any detailed emission rate calculations.
If you demonstrate compliance based on the coatings and other
materials used, you would demonstrate that the organic HAP content of
each coating meets the emission limits for the appropriate subcategory
as shown in Tables 2 and 3, and that you used no organic HAP-containing
thinners, other additives, or cleaning materials. For example, if you
are using the compliant materials option and your existing source has
TPO coating operations, headlamp coating operations, assembled on-road
vehicle coating operations, and general use coating operations, you
would demonstrate that: (1) Each coating used in the TPO coating
operation has an organic HAP content no greater than 0.23 kg (0.23 lb)
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used; (2) each coating
used in the headlamp coating operations has an organic HAP content no
greater than 0.45 kg (0.45 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating
solids used; (3) each coating used in the assembled on-road vehicle
coating operations has an organic HAP content no greater than 1.34 kg
(1.34 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used; (4) each
general use coating has an organic HAP content no greater than 0.16 kg
(0.16 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used; (5) and
that you used no organic HAP-containing thinners, other additives, or
cleaning materials. Note that ``no organic HAP'' is not intended to
mean absolute zero. Materials that contain ``no organic HAP'' should be
interpreted to mean materials that contain organic HAP levels below the
levels specified in Sec. 63.4541(a) of the proposed rule, which are
typical reporting levels. These typical reporting levels only count
organic HAP that are present at 0.1 percent or more by mass for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined
carcinogens and at 1.0 percent or more by mass for other compounds.
To determine the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials and the mass fraction of coating solids, you could
rely on manufacturer's formulation data. You would not be required to
perform tests or analysis of the material if formulation data are
available. Alternatively, you could use results from the test methods
listed below. You may also use alternative test methods provided you
get EPA approval in accordance with the NESHAP General Provisions, 40
CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any inconsistency between the test
method results (either EPA's or an approved alternative) and
manufacturer's data, the test method results would prevail for
compliance and enforcement purposes. If you elect to perform tests:
[sbull] For organic HAP content, use Method 311 of 40 CFR part 63,
appendix A.
[sbull] The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If
you choose this option, use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
[sbull] For mass fraction of coating solids, use Method 24.
Option 2: Compliance Based on the Emission Rate Without Add-on Controls
This option is a pollution prevention option where you can
demonstrate compliance based on the organic HAP contained in the mix of
coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials you use.
This option allows you the flexibility to use some individual coatings
that do not, by themselves, meet the kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg
(lb) coating solids used levels in the applicable emission limits if
you use other low-HAP or non-HAP coatings such that overall emissions
from the affected source over a 12-month period meet the emission
limits. You must use this option if you use HAP-containing thinners,
other additives, and cleaning materials and do not have add-on
controls. You would keep track of the mass of organic HAP in each
coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material, and the
amount of each material you use in your affected source each month of
the compliance period. You would use this information to determine the
total mass of organic HAP in all coatings, thinners and other
additives, and cleaning materials divided by the total mass of coating
solids used during the compliance period. You would demonstrate that
your emission rate (in kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating
solids used) meets the applicable emission limit. You can use readily
available purchase records and manufacturer's formulation data to
determine the amount of each coating or other material you used and the
organic HAP in each material. The proposed rule contains equations that
show you how to perform the calculations to demonstrate compliance.
If you demonstrate compliance using Option 2, you would be required
to:
[sbull] Determine the quantity of each coating, thinner and other
additive, and cleaning material used.
[sbull] Determine the mass of organic HAP in each coating, thinner
and other additive, and cleaning material using the same types of data
and methods previously described for Option 1. You may rely on
manufacturer's formulation data or you may choose to use test results
as described under Option 1.
[sbull] Determine the mass fraction of coating solids for each
coating using the same types of data or methods described under Option
1.
[sbull] Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
and total mass of coating solids used each month. You may subtract from
the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in waste materials
you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility
regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
[sbull] Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions and total
mass of coating solids for the initial compliance period by adding
together all the monthly values for mass of organic HAP and for mass of
coating solids for the 12 months of the initial compliance period.
[sbull] Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP
emitted for the materials used to the total mass of coating solids used
(kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used) for
the initial compliance period.
[[Page 72284]]
[sbull] Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular coating
operation rather than for an entire affected source, you would
calculate the organic HAP emission rate using just the materials used
in that operation. Similarly, if your facility has multiple affected
sources using this option (e.g., a TPO affected source, a headlamp
affected source, an assembled on-road vehicle affected source, and a
general use affected source), you would do a separate calculation for
each affected source to show that each affected source meets its
emission limit.
Option 3: Emission Rate With Add-on Controls Option
This option allows sources to use a capture system and an add-on
pollution control device, such as a combustion device or a recovery
device, to meet the emission limits. While we believe that, based on
typical emission characteristics, most sources will not use control
devices, we are providing this option for sources that can use control
devices. Fewer than 10 percent of the existing sources for which we
have data use control devices and may continue using the control
devices for compliance with the proposed standards. Under this option,
testing is required to demonstrate the capture system and control
device efficiency. Alternatively, you may conduct a liquid-liquid
material balance to demonstrate the amount of organic HAP collected by
your recovery device. The proposed rule provides equations showing you
how to use records of materials usage, organic HAP contents of each
material, capture and control efficiencies, and coating solids content
to calculate your emission rate during the compliance period.
If you demonstrate compliance based on this option, you would
demonstrate that your emission rate considering controls (in kg (lb)
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used) is less than
the applicable emission limit. For a capture system and add-on control
device other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a
liquid-liquid material balance, your testing and initial compliance
requirements would be as follows:
[sbull] Conduct an initial performance test to determine the
capture and control efficiencies of the equipment and to establish
operating limits to be achieved on a continuous basis. The performance
test would have to be completed no later than the compliance date for
existing sources and 180 days after the compliance date for new and
reconstructed sources.
[sbull] Determine the mass of organic HAP in each coating and other
material, and the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating used
each month of the initial compliance period.
[sbull] Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all coatings and
other materials, and total mass of coating solids used each month in
the controlled operation or group of coating operations. You may
subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
[sbull] Calculate the organic HAP emissions from the controlled
coating operations each month using the capture and control
efficiencies determined during the performance test, and the total mass
of organic HAP in materials used in controlled coating operations that
month.
[sbull] Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions and total
volume of coating solids for the initial compliance period by adding
together all the monthly values for mass of organic HAP emissions and
for mass of coating solids for the 12 months in the initial compliance
period.
[sbull] Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions to the total mass of coating solids used during the initial
compliance period.
[sbull] Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
[sbull] Develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize
emissions from storage, mixing, and handling of organic HAP-containing
materials.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular coating
operation rather than for the entire affected source, you would
calculate the organic HAP emission rate using just the materials used
in that operation. Similarly, if your facility has multiple affected
sources using this option (e.g., a TPO affected source, a headlamp
affected source, an assembled on-road vehicle affected source, and a
general use affected source), you would do a separate calculation for
each affected source to show that each affected source meets its
emission limit.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances, you would use specified test methods to determine both the
efficiency of the capture system and the emission reduction efficiency
of the control device. To determine the capture efficiency, you would
either verify the presence of a permanent total enclosure using EPA
Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M (and all materials must be
applied and dried within the enclosure); or use one of three protocols
in Sec. 63.4565 of the proposed rule to measure capture efficiency. If
you have a permanent total enclosure and all materials are applied and
dried within the enclosure and you route all exhaust gases from the
enclosure to a control device, you would assume 100 percent capture.
To determine the emission reduction efficiency of the control
device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas
streams. The test would consist of three runs, each run lasting 1 hour,
using the following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A:
[sbull] Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites.
[sbull] Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas
volumetric flow rate.
[sbull] Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry
molecular weight.
[sbull] Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
[sbull] Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter
concentration. Alternatively, any other test method or data that have
been validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of
40 CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be
used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could choose to determine
the overall control efficiency using a liquid-liquid material balance
instead of conducting an initial performance test. If you use the
material balance alternative, you would be required to measure the
amount of all materials used in the controlled coating operations
served by the solvent recovery system during each month of the initial
compliance period and determine the total volatile matter contained in
these materials. You would also measure the amount of volatile matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system during each month of the
initial compliance period. Then you would compare the amount recovered
to the amount used to determine the overall control efficiency each
month and apply this efficiency to the total mass of organic HAP in the
materials used to determine total organic HAP emissions for the month.
You would total these 12 monthly organic HAP emission values and divide
by the total of the 12 monthly values for coating solids used to
calculate the emission rate for the 12-month initial compliance period.
You would record the calculations and
[[Page 72285]]
results and include them in your Notification of Compliance Status.
Operating Limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of a capture system and
control device other than a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The operating limits are the
minimum or maximum (as applicable) values achieved for capture systems
and control devices during the most recent performance test, conducted
under representative conditions, that demonstrated compliance with the
emission limits.
The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types
of emission control systems commonly used in the industry. You would be
required to install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all
monitoring equipment according to manufacturer's specifications and
ensure that the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the
requirements in Sec. 63.4568 of the proposed rule. If you use control
devices other than those identified in the proposed rule, you would
submit the operating parameters to be monitored to the Administrator
for approval. The authority to approve the parameters to be monitored
is retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you would continuously
monitor the appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15
minutes. For thermal oxidizers, the temperature monitor is placed in
the firebox or in the duct immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs. The operating limit would be the
average temperature measured during the performance test and for each
consecutive 3-hour period, the average temperature would have to be at
or above this limit. For catalytic oxidizers, temperature monitors are
placed immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The operating
limits would be the average temperature just before the catalyst bed
and the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during
the performance test. For each 3-hour period, the average temperature
and the average temperature difference would have to be at or above
these limits. Alternatively, you would be allowed to meet only the
temperature limit before the catalyst bed if you develop and implement
an inspection and maintenance plan for the catalytic oxidizer.
If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature at the time the
carbon bed is returned to service (not to be exceeded) and the amount
of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser and do not conduct liquid-liquid material
balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test and for
each consecutive 3-hour period the average temperature would have to be
at or below this limit.
If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the temperature of the
desorption concentrate stream and the pressure drop across the
concentrator. These values would be recorded at least once every 15
minutes. The operating limits would be the average temperature (to be
met as a minimum) and the average pressure drop (not to be exceeded)
measured during the performance test.
For each capture system that is not a permanent total enclosure,
you would establish operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for each enclosure or capture device. The
operating limit would be the average volumetric flow rate or duct
static pressure during the performance test, to be met as a minimum.
For each capture system that is a permanent total enclosure, the
operating limit would require the average facial velocity of air
through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per minute
or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007 inches
water.
Work Practices. If you use a capture system and control device for
compliance, you would be required to develop and implement on an
ongoing basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP emissions
from storage, mixing, material handling, and waste handling operations.
This plan would include a description of all steps taken to minimize
emissions from these sources (e.g., using closed storage containers,
practices to minimize emissions during filling and transfer of contents
from containers, using spill minimization techniques, placing solvent-
laden cloths in closed containers immediately after use, etc.). You
would have to make the plan available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to develop and operate according to a SSMP during
periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and
control device.
G. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
Emission Limits. If you use the compliant materials option (Option
1), you would demonstrate continuous compliance if each coating meets
the applicable emission limit and you use no organic HAP-containing
thinners, other additives, or cleaning materials. If you use the
emission rate without add-on controls option (Option 2), you would
demonstrate continuous compliance if, for each 12-month compliance
period, the ratio of kg (lb) organic HAP emitted to kg (lb) coating
solids used is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit. You
would follow the same procedures for calculating the organic HAP
emitted to coating solids ratio that you used for the initial
compliance period.
For each coating operation on which you use a capture system and
control device (Option 3) other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would use the
continuous parameter monitoring results for the month as part of the
determination of the mass of organic HAP emissions. If the monitoring
results indicate no deviations from the operating limits and there were
no bypasses of the control device, you would assume the capture system
and control device are achieving the same percent emission reduction
efficiency as they did during the most recent performance test in which
compliance was demonstrated. You would then apply this percent
reduction to the total mass of organic HAP in materials used in the
controlled coating operations to determine the emissions from those
operations during the month. If there were any deviations from the
operating limits during the month or any bypasses of the control
device, you would account for them in the calculation of the monthly
emissions by assuming the capture system and control device were
achieving zero emission reduction during the periods of deviation. Then
you would determine the organic HAP emission rate by dividing the total
mass of organic HAP emissions for the 12-month compliance period by the
total mass of coating solids used during the 12-month compliance
period. Every month, you would calculate the emission rate for the
previous 12-month period.
[[Page 72286]]
For each coating operation on which you use a solvent recovery
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each month, you
would use the liquid-liquid material balance to determine control
efficiency. To determine the overall control efficiency, you must
measure the amount of all materials used during each month and
determine the volatile matter content of these materials. You must also
measure the amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery
system during the month, calculate the overall control efficiency, and
apply it to the total mass of organic HAP in the materials used to
determine total organic HAP emissions each month. Then you would
determine the 12-month organic HAP emission rate in the same manner
described above.
Operating Limits. If you use a capture system and control device,
the proposed rule would require you to achieve on a continuous basis
the operating limits you establish during the performance test. If the
continuous monitoring shows that the capture system and control device
are operating outside the range of values established during the
performance test, you have deviated from the established operating
limits.
If you operate a capture system and control device with bypass
lines that could allow emissions to bypass the control device, you
would have to demonstrate that captured organic HAP emissions within
the affected source are being routed to the control device by
monitoring for potential bypass of the control device. You may choose
from the following four monitoring procedures:
[sbull] Flow control position indicator to provide a record of
whether the exhaust stream is directed to the control device;
[sbull] Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the
bypass line valve in the closed position when the control device is
operating;
[sbull] Valve closure monitoring to ensure any bypass line valve or
damper is closed when the control device is operating; or
[sbull] Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating operation
when flow is diverted from the control device.
A deviation would occur for any period of time the bypass
monitoring indicates that emissions are not routed to the control
device.
Work Practices. If you use an emission capture system and control
device for compliance, you would be required to implement, on an
ongoing basis, the work practice plan you developed during the initial
compliance period. If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic
HAP emissions or you do not implement the plan, this would be a
deviation from the work practice standard.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to operate according to your SSMP during periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device.
H. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You are required to comply with the applicable requirements in the
NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as described in
the proposed rule. The General Provisions notification requirements
include: initial notifications, notification of performance test if you
are complying using a capture system and control device, notification
of compliance status, and additional notifications required for
affected sources with continuous monitoring systems. The General
Provisions also require certain records and periodic reports.
Initial Notifications. If you own or operate an existing affected
source, you must send a notification to the EPA Regional Office in the
region where your facility is located and to your State agency no later
than 1 year after the final rule is published in the Federal Register.
For new and reconstructed sources, you must send the notification
within 120 days after the date of initial startup or 120 days after
publication of the final rule, whichever is later. That report notifies
us and your State agency that you have an existing affected source that
is subject to the proposed standards or that you have constructed a new
affected source. Thus, it allows you and the permitting authority to
plan for compliance activities. You would also need to send a
notification of planned construction or reconstruction of a source that
would be subject to the proposed rule and apply for approval to
construct or reconstruct.
Notification of Performance Test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and control device for which you do not conduct
a liquid-liquid material balance, you would conduct a performance test.
The performance test would be required no later than the compliance
date for an existing affected source. For a new or reconstructed
affected source, the performance test would be required no later than
180 days after startup or 180 days after Federal Register publication
of the final rule, whichever is later. You must notify us (or the
delegated State or local agency) at least 60 calendar days before the
performance test is scheduled to begin and submit a report of the
performance test results no later than 60 days after the test.
Notification of Compliance Status. You must submit a Notification
of Compliance Status within 30 days after the end of the initial 12-
month compliance period. In the notification, you must certify whether
each affected source has complied with the proposed standards, identify
the option(s) you used to demonstrate initial compliance, summarize the
data and calculations supporting the compliance demonstration, and
provide information on any deviations from the emission limits,
operating limits, or other requirements.
If you elect to comply by using a capture system and control device
for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the results
of the tests. Your notification must also include the measured range of
each monitored parameter, the operating limits established during the
performance test, and information showing whether the source has
complied with its operating limits during the initial compliance
period.
Recordkeeping Requirements. You must keep records of reported
information and all other information necessary to document compliance
with the proposed rule for 5 years. As required under the General
Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept on-site;
the other 3 years' records may be kept off-site. Records pertaining to
the design and operation of the control and monitoring equipment must
be kept for the life of the equipment.
Depending on the compliance option that you choose, you may need to
keep records of the following:
[sbull] Organic HAP content or volatile organic matter content and
coating solids content (for all compliance options).
[sbull] Quantity of the coatings, thinners and other additives, and
cleaning materials used during each compliance period (for all
compliance options).
[sbull] For the emission rate (with or without add-on controls)
compliance options, calculations of your emission rate for each 12-
month compliance period.
[sbull] All documentation supporting initial notifications and
notifications of compliance status.
If you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and control
device, you must keep records of the following:
[sbull] All required measurements, calculations, and supporting
documentation needed to demonstrate compliance with the standards.
[[Page 72287]]
[sbull] All results of performance tests and parameter monitoring.
[sbull] All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
your plan for minimizing emissions from mixing, storage, and waste
handling operations.
[sbull] All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures are followed.
[sbull] The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the emission capture system and control device.
[sbull] Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and malfunction
that are different from the procedures specified in the affected
source's SSMP.
[sbull] Each period during which a CPMS is malfunctioning or
inoperative (including out-of-control periods).
The proposed rule would require you to collect and keep records
according to certain minimum data requirements for the CPMS. Failure to
collect and keep the specified minimum data would be a deviation that
is separate from any emission limits, operating limits, or work
practice standards.
Deviations, as determined from these records, would need to be
recorded and also reported. A deviation is any instance when any
requirement or obligation established by the proposed rule including,
but not limited to, the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards, is not met.
If you use a capture system and control device to reduce organic
HAP emissions, you would have to make your SSMP available for
inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The plan would stay
in your records for the life of the affected source or until the source
is no longer subject to the proposed standards. If you revise the plan,
you would need to keep the previous superseded versions on record for 5
years following the revision.
Periodic Reports. Each reporting year is divided into two
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a
semiannual reporting period, you would submit a semiannual report
stating that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If
deviations occur, you would include them in the report as follows:
[sbull] Report each deviation from the emission limit.
[sbull] Report each deviation from the work practice standards if
you use an emission capture system and control device.
[sbull] If you use an emission capture system and control device
other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances, report each deviation from an operating limit
and each time a bypass line diverts emissions from the control device
to the atmosphere.
[sbull] Report other specific information on the periods of time
the deviations occurred.
You would also have to include in each semiannual report an
identification of the compliance option(s) you used for each affected
source and any time periods when you changed to another compliance
option.
Other Reports. You would be required to submit reports for periods
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device. If the procedures you follow during any startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are inconsistent with your plan, you would report those
procedures with your semiannual reports in addition to immediate
reports required by 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How Did We Select the Source Category and Subcategories?
The surface coating of plastic parts and products is a source
category that is on the list of source categories to be regulated
because it contains major sources which emit or have the potential to
emit at least 9.07 Mg (10 tons) of any one HAP or at least 22.7 Mg (25
tons) of any combination of HAP annually. The proposed rule would
control organic HAP emissions from both new and existing major sources.
Area sources are not being regulated under this proposed rule.
The plastic parts and products surface coating category consists of
facilities that apply protective or decorative coatings and adhesive
coatings to plastic parts and products through a post-mold coating
process. The surface coating of plastic parts and products includes any
facility engaged in the surface coating of plastic parts or products,
including panels, housings, bases, covers, and other components formed
of synthetic polymers. We use the plastic parts and products lists
contained in the SIC and NAICS code descriptions to describe the vast
array of plastic parts and products.
Due to the broad scope of the plastic parts and products surface
coating source category, the source category definition likewise needs
to be broad in order to include the varieties of operations and
activities that might occur at these facilities. However, a broad
description has the potential to unintentionally include surface
coating operations that we would not consider to be part of the source
category. We intend the source category to include facilities for which
the surface coating of plastic parts and products is either their
principal activity or an integral part of a production process that is
the principal activity. Most coating operations are located at plant
sites that are dedicated to these activities. However, some may be
located at sites for which some other activity is principal, such as
automobile assembly plants that coat plastic automobile parts or
accessories off the assembly line. Co-located surface coating
operations comparable to the types and sizes of the dedicated plastic
parts surface coating facilities, in terms of the coating operation and
applicable emission control techniques, are included in the source
category.
We reviewed the available data and information to identify a
descriptor common to sources we intended to include in the category
that would further help to describe the category. Based on our review,
we believe the quantity of coating used is the most equitable
descriptor for purposes of defining the scope of the category. Other
descriptors that could have been used but were rejected because they
would either be too difficult to implement or they are not as equitable
as coating usage include production rate, quantity of emissions, and
solvent usage.
In selecting the quantity of coating used, we found that facilities
in the source category for which data were available to us reported
annual coating usage of at least 100 gallons per year. Those facilities
that reported below this amount used coatings to assist in or repair
minor defects during product assembly operations, and the surface
coating operations were not integral to plastic parts and products
surface coating. Therefore, the MACT floor determination and the
estimated environmental, energy, cost, and economic impacts were based
on facilities that used greater than 100 gallons per year. We are not
aware of any surface coating operation at a major source that is
dedicated to plastic parts and products surface coating that is using
less than 100 gallons per year and, thus, did not evaluate whether the
MACT level of control would be appropriate for such operations if they
exist.
The source category does not include research or laboratory
facilities or janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations, or hobby shops that are operated for personal rather than
commercial purposes. The source category also does not include coating
of magnet wire, coating of plastics to produce fiberglass boats (except
the
[[Page 72288]]
post-mold coating of personal watercraft or their parts), or the
extrusion of plastic onto a plastic part or product to form a coating.
These activities and operations are not comparable to the types and
sizes of the dedicated facilities in terms of coating operations and
applicable control techniques and are regulated or are being considered
for regulation as part of other source categories. Thus, they are not
considered to be within the scope of the source category. The post-mold
coating of personal watercraft and their parts is considered within the
scope of the source category.
The source category also does not include certain other coatings of
plastic parts and products that are already being, or would be,
regulated by another NESHAP as part of a different source category. We
want to avoid overlap of source categories where coating of the same
part would be subject to multiple rules.
Subcategory Selection. The statute gives us discretion to determine
if and how to subcategorize. Once the floor has been determined for new
or reconstructed and existing affected sources for a source category or
subcategory, we must set MACT standards that are no less stringent than
the MACT floor. Such standards must then be met by all sources within
the source category or subcategory. A subcategory is a group of similar
sources within a given source category. As part of the regulatory
development process, we evaluate the similarities and differences
between industry segments or groups of facilities comprising a source
category. In establishing subcategories, we consider factors such as
process operations (type of process, raw materials, chemistry/
formulation data, associated equipment, and final products); emission
characteristics (amount and type of HAP); control device applicability;
and opportunities for pollution prevention. We may also consider
existing regulations or guidance from States and other regulatory
agencies in determining subcategories.
After reviewing survey responses from the industry, facility site
visit reports, and information received from stakeholders meetings, we
found that the plastic parts and products surface coating industry
could be grouped into four subcategories: (1) General use coating, (2)
TPO coating, (3) headlamp coating, and (4) assembled on-road vehicle
coating. The general use coating subcategory includes all plastic parts
and products coating operations except TPO, headlamp, and assembled on-
road vehicle coating. This includes operations that coat a wide variety
of substrates, surfaces, and types of plastic parts, as well as more
specialized coating scenarios. Each of the subcategories includes
coating operations, including associated surface preparation, equipment
cleaning, mixing and storage, and waste handling.
The TPO coating is considered a separate subcategory from other
plastic parts and products coating operations because the surface
coating of TPO substrates requires the use of an adhesion promoter in
order to apply subsequent coatings to the substrate. The adhesion
promoters required in TPO coating operations contain significant levels
of organic HAP because these materials contain organic HAP solvents
that are capable of wetting the TPO substrate and swelling the rubber
content of the substrate. Wetting of the substrate requires a solvent
in the adhesion promoter that spreads out over the substrate, and this
is dictated by the surface tension of the substrate and the solvent.
The surface tensions of organic HAP solvents such as toluene, xylene,
and other aromatics are ideal for wetting TPO while other non-HAP
solvents have surface tensions too high to allow the adhesion promoter
to spread out over the TPO part. In conjunction with adequate wetting
of the TPO, the solvents in the adhesion promoter must be capable of
migrating through the surface of the TPO substrate to swell the rubber
content (elastomer) in the TPO. It is this optimum swelling of the
rubber content in the TPO and the subsequent entanglement of the
elastomer with the paint that provides the adhesion necessary to coat
TPO successfully. Many non-HAP solvents either evaporate too quickly to
adequately migrate through and swell the rubber or the solvents swell
the rubber content of the TPO to the point of distortion of the part.
Therefore, the adhesion promoters used in TPO coating operations often
contain high levels of organic HAP solvents to achieve adequate wetting
of the substrate, swelling of the rubber, and ultimately, adhesion of
the paint to the substrate. The need to use these HAP-containing
materials would make it technically difficult for existing facilities
coating TPO to achieve the lower emission rates established by
facilities that do not coat TPO. In summary, the technical differences
in the type of coatings required due to the nature of the TPO substrate
warrant a separate subcategory for TPO coating.
Headlamp coating is considered as a separate subcategory because
these coating operations require specialized reflective argent coatings
and hard clear coatings to meet U.S. Department of Transportation Motor
Vehicle Safety Standards for reflectivity, brightness, color, and other
performance criteria. The reflective argent coatings often used in
automotive headlamp coating operations contain significant levels of
organic HAP because these coatings achieve the required reflective
aluminum appearance with aluminum pigments contained in the coating.
These coatings require the use of aromatic or aliphatic HAP solvents in
order to allow the aluminum pigments to rise to the surface correctly
to create the reflective finish required by Federal safety standards.
The hard clear coatings often used in automotive headlamp coating
operations, such as the thermal cure and silicone hardcoat
technologies, are required to provide the polycarbonate headlamp
substrate with necessary abrasion and scratch resistance. Polycarbonate
is currently the only plastic substrate approved by the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration for use in automotive headlamps
because this material is shatter resistant and resists high levels of
heat. The hard clear coatings used on the polycarbonate headlamps
require the use of certain organic HAP solvents, such as butyl
cellosolve, in these coatings to avoid etching of the substrate
surface. Other non-HAP solvents can etch the surface of the
polycarbonate which would deflect light and create performance and
safety concerns for the final headlamp product. The need to use these
materials would make it technically difficult for existing facilities
coating automotive headlamps to achieve the lower emission rates
established by facilities that do not coat headlamps. In summary,
technical differences in the type of coatings required to meet unique
end-product requirements warrant a separate subcategory for headlamp
coating.
Assembled on-road vehicle coating is considered a separate
subcategory because these coating operations are performed on fully-
assembled vehicles that may contain heat sensitive parts. In addition,
fully assembled on-road vehicles are physically larger than the other
parts and products coated in this source category. The large size and
presence of heat sensitive parts make certain lower-HAP technologies,
such as heat-cured waterborne coatings, not feasible for use on fully
assembled on-road vehicles and make it technically difficult for these
sources to achieve the same emission level as sources that do not coat
assembled on-road vehicles.
The problems associated with coating of assembled on-road vehicles
were first raised by recreational vehicle manufacturers that build
motor homes
[[Page 72289]]
and travel trailers. The EPA recognized that the same problems (i.e.,
large part size and heat sensitive components) would be encountered by
other facilities that coat plastic bodies on other types of assembled
on-road vehicles. In addition, some facilities coat a mix of assembled
on-road vehicles including automobiles, recreational vehicles, public
transportation vehicles, and fleet trucks. Therefore, EPA decided to
include all of these in the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory and
not limit the subcategory to just recreational vehicles. The on-road
vehicle subcategory is limited to only surface coating on fully
assembled on-road vehicles in order to avoid an overlap with source
categories that include assembly-line coating operations at automobile,
light-duty truck, and heavy-duty truck manufacturing facilities.
The EPA also recognizes that most assembled on-road vehicles are a
mix of plastic and metal body components. An assembled on-road vehicle
coating operation is considered part of this subcategory if greater
than 50 percent of the surface being coated on a vehicle is plastic.
B. How Did We Select the Regulated Pollutants?
Available emission data collected during the development of the
proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP emitted from the
surface coating of plastic parts and products include MEK, MIBK,
toluene, and xylenes. These compounds account for more than 85 percent
of this category's nationwide organic HAP emissions. Other organic HAP
emissions include EGBE and other glycol ethers. However, many other
organic HAP are used, or can be used, in coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials. Therefore, the proposed rule would regulate
emissions of all organic HAP.
Although most of the coatings used in this source category do not
contain inorganic HAP, a few special purpose coatings used by a few
facilities in this source category contain inorganic HAP such as
chromium and lead. No inorganic HAP were reported in cleaning
materials. If coatings are applied by spraying, inorganic HAP
components remain as solids in the dry coating film on the parts being
coated or are deposited onto the walls, floor, and grates of the spray
booths in which they are applied. Some of the inorganic HAP particles
would be entrained in the spray booth exhaust air. Although these
emissions have not been quantified, we believe that the inorganic HAP
emission levels are very low. Furthermore, emissions of these materials
to the atmosphere are minimal because very few of the facilities in
this source category use spray application techniques to apply coatings
that contain inorganic HAP compounds. At this time, it does not appear
that emissions of inorganic HAP from this source category warrant
Federal regulation.
C. How Did We Select the Affected Source?
In selecting the affected source(s) for emission standards, our
primary goal is to ensure that MACT is applied to HAP-emitting
operations or activities within the source category being regulated.
The affected source also serves to establish where new source MACT
applies under a particular standard. Specifically, the General
Provisions in subpart A of 40 CFR part 63 define the terms
``construction'' and ``reconstruction'' with reference to the term
``affected source'' (40 CFR 63.2) and provide that new source MACT
applies when construction or reconstruction of an affected source
occurs (40 CFR 63.5). The collection of equipment and activities
evaluated in determining MACT (including the MACT floor) is used in
defining the affected source.
When emission standards are based on a collection of emissions
sources or total facility emissions, we select an affected source based
on that same collection of emission sources or the total facility as
well. This approach for defining the affected source broadly is
particularly appropriate for industries where a single emission
standard encompassing multiple emission points within the plant
provides the opportunity and incentive for owners and operators to
utilize control strategies that are more cost effective than if
separate standards were established for each emission point within a
facility.
The affected source for these proposed standards is broadly defined
to include all operations associated with the coating of plastic parts
and products and the cleaning of products, substrates or coating
operation equipment in a subcategory (i.e., TPO coating, headlamp
coating, assembled on-road vehicle coating, or general use coating).
These operations include storage and mixing of coatings and other
materials; surface preparation of the plastic parts and products prior
to coating application; coating application and flash-off, drying and
curing of applied coatings; cleaning operations; and waste handling
operations.
A few facilities have coating operations in more than one
subcategory. For example, a few facilities have TPO coating operations
that are in the TPO coating subcategory and also have other plastic
parts and products coating operations that are in the general use
coating subcategory. In such a case, the facility would have two
separate affected sources: (1) The collection of all operations
associated with the surface coating of TPO, and (2) the collection of
all operations associated with general use coating. Each of these
affected sources would be required to meet the emission limits that
apply to its subcategory.
In selecting the affected source, we considered, for each
operation, the extent to which HAP-containing materials are used and
the amount of HAP that are emitted. Cleaning and coating application,
flash-off, and curing/drying operations account for the majority of HAP
emissions at plastic parts and products surface coating operations.
These operations are included in the affected source.
Mixing, storage, and waste handling operations are included in the
affected source. Because we are assuming that all the organic HAP in
the materials entering the affected source are volatilized (emitted),
emissions from operations occurring within the affected source (e.g.,
mixing operations and storage) are accounted for in the estimate of
total materials usage at the affected source.
A broad definition of the affected source was selected to provide
maximum flexibility in complying with the proposed emission limits for
organic HAP. In planning its compliance, each facility can select among
available coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials, as well as the use of emissions capture and add-on control
systems, to comply with the emission limits for each subcategory in the
most cost-effective manner. Additional information on the plastic parts
and products surface coating operations selected for regulation, and
other operations, are included in the docket for the proposed
standards.
D. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards
for Existing and New Sources?
The MACT floor analysis was performed using a sourcewide emission
rate approach for each of the four subcategories: (1) General use
coating, (2) TPO coating, (3) headlamp coating, and (4) assembled on-
road vehicle coating. Because organic HAP emissions from an affected
source are directly related to the materials used, and since it is very
difficult to estimate the emissions that occur in any one area within
the affected source, an emission
[[Page 72290]]
rate approach for affected sources in each subcategory is the most
feasible way to determine emission limits. The emission rate approach
covers the emissions from all areas within the affected source for each
subcategory, including the application and curing process, equipment
cleaning and surface preparation operations, mixing and storage of
organic HAP materials, and waste handling.
The broad emission rate approach will allow for the maximum
flexibility for those affected sources in the general use coating
subcategory that perform many different types of coating applications
and coat many different types of parts during a given year. It would be
very difficult to define and set limits on each individual coating step
within every coating process. Also, such rules would allow no
flexibility and might not be technically feasible for every source. An
emission limit that includes all coating operations within an affected
source allows an owner/operator to determine how to most efficiently
and cost effectively meet the emission limit for each subcategory.
To determine the existing and new source MACT floor for each
subcategory, we determined the organic HAP emission rate for each
facility in units of kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating
solids used for each subcategory. We then ranked the sources in each
subcategory from lowest to highest emission rate to identify the best-
performing sources. We used information obtained from industry survey
responses and subsequent changes and clarifications received from the
facilities to estimate the sourcewide organic HAP emission rate from
each survey respondent. In the relatively few cases where a facility
had coating operations in more than one subcategory (e.g., a TPO
coating operation, headlamp coating operation, or assembled on-road
vehicle coating operation, and a general use coating operation), we
calculated the organic HAP emission rate for each subcategory
separately. For facilities that reported no add-on control devices, we
calculated total organic HAP emissions by assuming that the organic HAP
components in all coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials are emitted. If add-on control devices were reported, their
capture and control efficiencies were taken into account. Sources
included in the population for determining the MACT floor emission
limits were those facilities that are identified as major sources based
on their potential to emit, and those that were identified as
``synthetic minor'' sources.
For each of the four subcategories, the best-performing 12 percent
of sources (or the best five sources) were the sources with the lowest
calculated organic HAP emission rates. The average, or arithmetic mean,
of the best-performing 12 percent of sources (or best five sources) was
calculated to determine the MACT floor level for each subcategory. For
the general use coating subcategory, the average of the best-performing
12 percent of existing sources was determined to be 0.16 kg (0.16 lb)
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. For the TPO
coating subcategory, the average of the best-performing five existing
sources was 0.23 kg (0.23 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating
solids used. For the headlamp coating subcategory, the average of the
best-performing five existing sources was 0.45 kg (0.45 lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. For the assembled on-road
vehicle coating subcategory, the average of the best-performing five
existing sources was 1.34 kg (1.34 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used.
The facilities represented by the average MACT floor emission level
for each of the subcategories were reviewed to assess the achievability
of the emission levels for the range of sources in the subcategory. The
parameters that were considered in the review included coating types
and technologies, application methods, curing temperatures, substrates,
regulatory and performance specifications, location by state, part
types, industry sectors and amounts of materials used. The review
resulted in the determination that there were no differences in the
ability of sources within a given subcategory to achieve the existing
source MACT floor emission levels, and therefore, it appears that all
sources could achieve the existing source MACT floor emission rate for
their subcategory. The MACT floor memorandum in the docket includes
additional details of our review. We request comment on the analysis
and our conclusions.
The new source MACT floor level for the general use coating
subcategory was determined to be the same as the MACT floor level for
existing sources. For the general use coating subcategory, the
facilities whose emission rates were lower than the existing source
floor (0.16 kg (0.16 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids
used) were evaluated to determine whether one of them could be
considered the best-performing similar source and represent the
diversity of operations included in the subcategory. We evaluated
whether a single source with a lower emission rate was sufficiently
similar to all other operations in the subcategory in terms of parts
coated, coating types, and application methods used. No single source
with an emission rate lower than the existing source MACT floor
emission rate represented the full range of variability in the
subcategory. For example, some of the facilities with the lowest
emission rates used only one or two types of coatings with a narrow
range of types of parts and coating application methods. Because a new
facility might need to use a variety of coating types and technologies,
we rejected facilities using only one or two types of coatings with a
limited range of coated parts and application methods as similar
sources for the purpose of setting a floor for new sources. Therefore,
the new source MACT floor is determined to be the same as the MACT
floor for existing sources. You may refer to the MACT floor memorandum
in the docket for additional details.
The new source MACT floor levels for the TPO coating and headlamp
coating subcategories are more stringent than the existing source MACT
floor levels for these subcategories. For the TPO coating subcategory,
the best-performing single source achieves an emission level of 0.17 kg
(0.17 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. The
facility is using a waterborne TPO coating process. Available
information indicates that waterborne coatings are feasible for TPO
substrates, including TPO used in external parts such as bumpers, and
can meet performance specifications for the coated parts. When
designing a new source, it would be feasible to design the TPO coating
operations to use a waterborne coating process, or otherwise control
emissions to achieve the emission level of the best-performing
individual source in this subcategory. Therefore, the MACT floor for
new sources in the TPO subcategory is determined to be 0.17 kg (0.17
lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used.
For the headlamp coating subcategory, the identification of best-
performing similar source was conducted by reviewing the emission rates
for existing headlamp coating sources, excluding any organic HAP and
solids from adhesives that are used in these operations. The two best-
performing headlamp coating sources both use low-HAP, high-solids
adhesives in the headlamp operation to do final assembly of the
headlamp. While the use of these adhesives is representative of the
operations at these existing sources, it is unclear whether new sources
in the headlamp coating
[[Page 72291]]
subcategory would be performing final assembly of the headlamps or
would only be coating one component of the headlamp body. The use of
adhesives in headlamp coating operations is purely dependent upon
individual customer needs and business decisions on whether to assemble
the headlamps at the same site. New headlamp sources with lower
emission rates that include adhesives do not represent a similar source
that would establish a new source level for the range of new sources in
the subcategory. The two best-performing similar sources in the
headlamp subcategory achieve emission rates (excluding adhesives) of
0.034 kg (0.034 lb) HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used and
0.26 kg (0.26 lb) HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. The
source that is achieving the emission rate of 0.034 kg (0.034 lb) HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used has total enclosures and add-on
control devices on a portion of its headlamp coating operation. It is
uncertain whether other new headlamp coating sources would be able to
use enclosures and add-on control devices and achieve this emission
rate. Typical organics stream concentrations estimated for sources in
this subcategory are generally too low to make the use of enclosures
and control devices technically feasible. However, the source that is
achieving the emission rate of 0.26 kg (0.26 lb) HAP emitted per kg
(lb) coating solids used coats automotive headlamps using low-HAP,
ultra violet (UV)-cure clearcoat technology and low-HAP, vacuum
metallizing technology on polycarbonate substrate. Although this
emission rate is not achievable for existing sources that do not
currently have the capability to use UV-cure clearcoat technology or
vacuum metallizing technology, it would be feasible to design a new
headlamp coating process to use similar low-HAP, UV-cure clearcoats and
low-HAP, vacuum metallizing technology, or otherwise control emissions
to achieve the emission level of this best-performing similar source in
the headlamp subcategory. Therefore, the MACT floor for new sources in
the headlamp coating subcategory is determined to be 0.26 kg (0.26 lb)
HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used.
The new source MACT floor level for the assembled on-road vehicle
coating subcategory was determined to be the same as the MACT floor
level for existing sources. For this coating subcategory, the
facilities whose emission rates were lower than the existing source
floor (1.34 kg (1.34 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids
used) were evaluated to determine whether one of them could be
considered the best-performing similar source (and sufficiently
representative of the diversity of operations encompassing the
subcategory). Some of the variables considered were the types of
vehicles coated (e.g., motorhomes or towable RVs), the amount of the
vehicle coated (either fully painted or only partially painted),
whether multiple colors of basecoat were used and the overall ratio of
basecoat to clearcoat, and whether or not repair coating operations
were performed. Given the diversity of assembled on-road vehicle
coating operations observed during EPA site visits and among the
facilities present in the MACT database, EPA has determined that the
sources with emission rates lower than the existing source MACT floor
emission rate are not representative of the possible range of new
sources in the subcategory. For example, some facilities may use only a
single color of basecoat per vehicle, while others may use up to four
colors of basecoat in more elaborate color schemes. Some facilities may
apply a single layer of clearcoat while others may apply two or three
layers for a more durable finish. Additionally, some facilities may
perform a combination of these during a single compliance period. Given
the variability in these factors, EPA does not believe that any single
source with a lower emission rate than the existing source floor
represents a similar source for the full range of variability for this
subcategory. Therefore, the new source MACT floor is determined to be
the same as the MACT floor for existing sources.
After the MACT floors have been determined for new and existing
sources in a source category or subcategory, we must set emission
standards that are technically achievable and no less stringent than
the floors. Such standards must then be met by all sources within the
category or subcategory. We identify and consider any reasonable
regulatory alternatives that are ``beyond-the-floor,'' taking into
account emissions reductions, cost, non-air quality health and
environmental impacts, and energy requirements. These alternatives may
be different for new and existing sources because of different MACT
floors, and separate standards may be established for new and existing
sources.
No options beyond the MACT floor could be identified for the
general use coating subcategory that would be technically feasible for
all new or existing facilities in the subcategory.
For the TPO coating subcategory, the use of a waterborne coating
technology was identified as a beyond-the-floor option for existing
sources to be considered. There are currently at least two existing
sources that coat TPO using waterborne adhesion promoters and other
coatings, and the new source MACT floor (0.17 kg (0.17 lb) HAP emitted
per kg (lb) coating solids used) is based on a facility using the
waterborne TPO coating process. We considered the beyond-the-floor
option of requiring other existing sources coating TPO to switch their
TPO coating operations to the waterborne process. However, requiring
existing sources to switch to waterborne coating technology would
require many costly retrofits to an existing TPO coating operation,
including the addition of special pretreatment steps prior to coating
application, the installation of curing ovens that aren't currently
available at all existing TPO facilities, a lengthening of the coating
line to allow for increased drying/flash-off time required for
waterborne coatings, and a switch to stainless steel spray guns and
lines to prevent corrosion of equipment. Information from an existing
TPO source that retrofitted its existing coating lines to allow for
waterborne TPO coating indicates that their cost to switch to
waterborne coating was approximately $9 million. The HAP emissions
reductions that would be achieved by a typical existing source
complying with the MACT floor for TPO coating sources would be
approximately 75 percent reduction. If the same typical existing source
achieved the beyond the floor level of 0.17 kg (0.17 lb) HAP emitted
per kg (lb) coating solids used, it would achieve approximately an
additional 7 percent emission reduction. Without having information on
the benefits that would be achieved by further reducing emissions
beyond-the-floor, we do not believe the additional cost of going beyond
the floor is warranted at this time without a further evaluation of
risk. Therefore, we are not requiring beyond-the-floor levels of
emissions reductions at this time. After implementation of these
standards, we will evaluate the remaining health and environmental
risks that may be posed as a result of exposure to emissions from the
plastic parts and products surface coating source category. At that
time, we will determine whether the additional costs are warranted in
light of the available risk information.
For the headlamp coating subcategory, we considered two low-HAP
technologies as beyond-the-floor options for existing sources. These
technologies are UV-cure clearcoat and vacuum metallizing. There are
currently two existing sources that use UV-cure
[[Page 72292]]
clearcoats and one existing source that uses vacuum metallizing to
obtain the necessary reflectivity for the headlamps. The new source
MACT floor for headlamp coating (0.26 kg (0.26 lb) HAP emitted per kg
(lb) coating solids used) is based on a facility using both
technologies to coat automotive headlamps.
We considered the beyond-the-floor option of requiring other
existing sources to switch their coating operations to either of these
low-HAP technologies. However, based on industry information, requiring
existing sources to switch to UV-cure clearcoats or vacuum metallizing
could require costly retrofits to an existing headlamp coating
operation. The switch to UV-cure clearcoat technology could require
extensive modifications to coating line design as well as the
installation of UV-lamps to cure the coatings. Furthermore, since UV-
cure processes do not have production capacities as high as thermal-
cure clearcoat processes, existing sources could be required to build
additional coating lines to maintain the same production capacity, and
this would require more floor space.
The switch to vacuum metallizing from liquid argent coatings could
require extensive modifications to the coating line design and raw
materials used, as well as the purchase and installation of vacuum
metallizing equipment. A single vacuum metallizing chamber can produce
approximately 500,000 headlamp lens bodies a year and could cost
approximately $2 million per chamber. Many sources could need multiple
chambers. In addition to the purchase and installation of vacuum
metallizing chambers, existing sources would need to purchase more
expensive raw plastic materials (i.e., thermoplastics) in order to
achieve the beyond-the-floor level of 0.26 kg (0.26 lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. Vacuum metallizing requires an
absolutely smooth surface for proper reflectivity, and this can be
achieved with thermoplastics. Less expensive thermoset plastics that
can be used in liquid argent coating processes do not produce the
necessary surface to vacuum metallize, without a pre-coating step that
would result in additional HAP emissions. For an existing facility to
switch to vacuum metallizing from liquid argent coating without adding
a pre-coating step, the cost of thermoplastic raw materials could be
three times the cost of thermoset materials. Therefore, assuming
existing headlamp coating sources would require at least two vacuum
metallizing chambers and a switch to thermoplastic raw materials,
retrofitting an existing headlamp source could result in capital costs
of at least $4 million for the metallizing chambers and an annual
material purchase cost of three times current annual material costs.
These costs do not account for additional process line modifications,
oven replacements, and testing requirements that will vary in cost from
source to source.
The HAP emission reductions that would be achieved by a typical
existing source complying with the MACT floor for headlamp coating
sources would be approximately 78 percent reduction. The incremental
emission reduction that would be achieved for the same typical source
to reduce its emissions to the beyond-the-floor level would be
approximately 9 percent. Without having information on the benefits
that would be achieved by further reducing emissions beyond-the-floor,
we do not believe the additional cost of going beyond the floor is
warranted at this time without a further evaluation of risk. Therefore,
we are not requiring beyond-the-floor levels of emission reductions at
this time. After implementation of these standards, we will evaluate
the remaining health and environmental risks that may be posed as a
result of exposure to emissions from the plastic parts and products
surface coating source category. At that time, we will determine
whether the additional costs are warranted in light of the available
risk information.
No options beyond the MACT floor could be identified for the
assembled on-road vehicle coating subcategory that would be technically
feasible for all new or existing facilities in the subcategory.
Add-on controls were also reviewed to determine if a facility using
add-on controls would represent a technically feasible beyond-the-floor
option for all new or existing sources in any of the four
subcategories. Add-on controls are used at a few individual facilities
in the plastic parts and products surface coating source category and
three of its four subcategories. No add-on controls are used in the
assembled off-road vehicle subcategory. However, based on typical
organics stream concentrations estimated for typical facilities in the
four subcategories, add-on control techniques are generally not
technically feasible. Therefore, add-on control techniques were not
considered as a beyond-the-floor option.
For existing sources, we based the proposed standards on the
existing source MACT floors for each of the four subcategories. As
described earlier, we determined that beyond-the-floor options were not
technically or economically feasible for all existing sources. For the
same reasons, we based the proposed standards for new sources on the
new source MACT floor.
The MACT levels of control for new and existing sources can be
achieved in several different ways. Many sources would be able to use
lower-HAP coatings, although they may not be available to meet the
needs of every source. If a source is also using cleaning materials
that contain organic HAP, then it may be able to switch to lower-HAP or
non-HAP cleaning materials, which are widely available, to reduce the
sourcewide organic HAP emissions rate to the MACT level. Other
available options might be the use of capture systems and add-on
control devices to reduce emissions.
We note here that our assumption, used in the development of the
MACT floors, that 100 percent of the organic HAP in the materials used
are emitted by the affected source would not apply when the source
sends organic HAP-containing waste materials to a facility for
treatment or disposal. We made that assumption because the industry
survey responses provided little information as to the amount of
organic HAP recovered and recycled or treated and disposed. We,
therefore, concluded that offsite or onsite treatment and disposal may
not be common within the plastic parts and products surface coating
industry. We recognize, however, that some facilities may conduct such
activities and should be allowed to account for such activities in
determining their emissions. Thus, the proposed rule allows you to
reduce the organic HAP emissions by the amount of any organic HAP
contained in waste treated or disposed at a hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facility that is regulated under 40 CFR part 262,
264, 265, or 266.
E. How Did We Select the Format of the Proposed Standards?
We selected the format of the proposed standards to be an emission
rate expressed in terms of the mass of organic HAP emitted per mass of
coating solids used. The emission rate format would allow plastic parts
and products surface coating operation owners and operators flexibility
in choosing any combination of means (including coating reformulation,
use of lower-HAP or non-HAP materials, solvent elimination, work
practices, and add-on control devices) that is workable for their
particular situation to comply with the emission limits.
We selected mass of coating solids used as a component of the
proposed format to normalize the rate of organic HAP emissions across
all sizes and
[[Page 72293]]
types of facilities. We also selected kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per
kg (lb) coating solids used because this is consistent with the data
generally available in this industry through Material Safety Data
Sheets and other manufacturers' formulation data. Considering the
primary means of compliance is likely to be the use of low- and no-
organic HAP coatings and other materials, this format best ensures that
comparable levels of control are achieved by all affected sources.
Also, this format allows sources flexibility to use a combination of
emission capture and control systems, as well as low-HAP content
coatings and other materials.
Other choices for the format of the proposed standards that we
considered, but rejected, included a usage limit (mass per unit time)
and a never-to-be-exceeded limit on the organic HAP content of each
coating, solvent, or cleaning material. As it is not our intent to
limit a facility's production under these proposed standards, we
rejected a usage limit. We also rejected a never-to-be-exceeded organic
HAP content limit in order to provide for averaging of HAP emissions
from the materials used during the compliance period. In this decision,
we considered the nature of the available data, as well as the need to
allow for seasonal variations and frequent changes in some coating
operations, such as job shops. Finally, we rejected a percent reduction
limit as most plastic parts and products surface coating facilities are
not expected to use capture systems and add-on control devices for
compliance.
In lieu of emission standards, section 112(h) of the CAA allows
work practice standards or other requirements to be established when a
pollutant cannot be emitted through a conveyance or capture system, or
when measurement is not practicable because of technological and
economic limitations. Many plastic parts and products surface coating
facilities use some type of work practice measure to reduce HAP
emissions from mixing, cleaning, storage, and waste handling areas as
part of their standard operating procedures. They use these measures to
decrease solvent usage and minimize exposure to workers. However, we do
not have data to quantify accurately the emissions reductions
achievable by the work practice measures. The level of emissions
depends on the type of equipment and the work practices used at the
facility and would be very site-specific. For example, emissions from
solvent-laden rags used to clean spray booths would depend on the
method used to isolate and store such rags. In addition to lacking
adequate data and information to quantify an emissions level for such
operations, it is not practicable to measure emissions from these
operations since they often occur in large open areas not amenable to
testing. Therefore, work practice standards are appropriate for such
operations under section 112(h) of the CAA.
Under the compliance options where emissions are reduced by using
low- or no-HAP materials, the compliance determination procedure
assumes that all the organic HAP in the materials entering the affected
source are volatilized (emitted). Therefore, emissions from operations
occurring within the affected source (e.g., mixing operations) are
accounted for in the determination of total materials usage and
emission rate at the affected source. This may not be true when you
comply by using capture systems and add-on control devices,
particularly if some coating operations at your facility use capture
systems and add-on control devices and others do not. In this case, you
might determine usage of coatings and other materials in the controlled
coating operations by some method other than total solvent purchase
records. It is possible that emissions from mixing and transport of the
materials prior to their use in the controlled coating operation might
not be included in your usage and emission rate calculations. Emissions
from mixing, storage, and waste handling operations are often not
routed to the control devices and would not be practicable to measure
for inclusion in a determination of compliance with the emission limit.
Therefore, the proposed rule would require development and
implementation of an emission reduction work practice plan to assure
that emissions are reduced from such operations.
F. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
The proposed standards would allow you to choose among several
options to demonstrate compliance with the proposed standards for
organic HAP: compliant materials (i.e., coatings and other materials
with low or no organic HAP); emission rate without add-on controls
option; or emission rate with add-on controls option.
Compliant Materials Option. You would be required to document the
organic HAP content of all coatings (general use, TPO, headlamp, and
assembled on-road vehicle coatings) on an as-received basis and show
that each is less than the applicable emission limit. You would also
have to show that each thinner, other additive, and cleaning material
on an as-received basis contains no organic HAP. Note that ``no organic
HAP'' is not intended to mean absolute zero. Materials that contain
``no organic HAP'' should be interpreted to mean materials that contain
organic HAP levels below 0.1 percent by mass for OSHA-defined
carcinogens and 1.0 percent by mass for other compounds.
You may use manufacturer's formulation data to demonstrate the HAP
content of each material and the solids content of each coating. If you
choose to use test data, you would use the following procedures on each
coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material in the
condition it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or
supplier and before any alteration. If you recycle or reclaim coatings,
thinners, cleaning materials, or other additives at your facility, you
do not need to demonstrate that these materials meet the emission
limit, provided they were initially demonstrated to comply with the
compliant material option.
Method 311 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of organic HAP in coatings and has been used in previous
surface coating NESHAP. We have not identified any other methods that
provide advantages over Method 311 for use in the proposed standards
for determining organic HAP content.
Method 24 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of volatile matter for coatings and can be used if you choose
to determine the nonaqueous volatile matter content as a surrogate for
organic HAP. In past standards, VOC emission control measures have been
implemented in coating industries, with Method 24 as the compliance
method. We have not identified any other methods that provide
advantages over Method 24 for use in the proposed standards.
Method 24 is the method specified for determining the coating
solids content of each coating. We have not identified any other
methods that provide advantages over Method 24 for use in the proposed
standards.
Emission Rate Without Add-on Controls Option. To demonstrate
initial compliance using this option, you would calculate the organic
HAP emission rate for one or more coating operations in each affected
source, based on the mass of organic HAP in all coatings, thinners and
other additives, and cleaners, and the mass of coating solids used
during the compliance period. You would demonstrate that your emission
rate does not exceed the
[[Page 72294]]
applicable emission limit for the affected source. You would determine
the HAP content from manufacturer's formulation data or by using EPA
Method 24 or 311 as discussed previously.
Emission Rate With Add-on Controls Option. If you use a capture
system and control device other than a solvent recovery device for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would be
required to conduct an initial performance test of the system to
determine its overall control efficiency using EPA Method 25 or 25A
depending on the type of control device and the outlet concentration.
You would also need to determine the capture efficiency of the capture
system using EPA Methods 204 and 204A through 204F. For a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance,
you would determine the quantity of volatile matter applied and the
quantity recovered during the initial compliance period to determine
its overall control efficiency. For both cases, the overall control
efficiency would be combined with the monthly mass of organic HAP in
the coatings and other materials used to calculate the monthly organic
HAP emissions in kg (lb) HAP emitted. The monthly amount (kg (lb)) of
coating solids used would also be determined. These values would be
combined to calculate your emission rate for the 12-month compliance
period according to equations in the proposed rule. You would
demonstrate that your emission rate does not exceed the applicable
emission limit for the affected source. If you conduct a performance
test, you would also determine parameter operating limits during the
test. The proposed test methods for the performance test have been
required in many NSPS for industrial surface coating sources under 40
CFR part 60 and NESHAP under 40 CFR part 63. We have not identified any
other methods that provide advantages over these methods.
G. How Did We Select the Continuous Compliance Requirements?
To demonstrate continuous compliance with either the compliant
materials option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you would need records of the data and calculations supporting your
determination of the organic HAP content and solids content of each
material used. You would also need records of the quantity of coatings
and other materials used. For the compliant materials option, you would
demonstrate compliance for each material used. For the emission rate
without add-on controls option, you would demonstrate compliance with
the applicable 12-month emission limit on a monthly basis using data
from the previous 12 months of operation.
If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you would
also be required to continuously monitor operating parameters of
capture systems and control devices and maintain records of this
monitoring. We selected the following requirements based on reasonable
cost, ease of execution, and usefulness of the resulting data to both
the owners or operators and EPA for ensuring continuous compliance with
the emission limits and/or operating limits.
We are proposing that certain parameters be continuously monitored
for the types of capture systems and control devices commonly used in
the industry. These monitoring parameters have been used in other
standards for similar industries and control devices. The values of
these parameters are established during the initial or most recent
performance test that demonstrates compliance. These values are your
operating limits for the capture system and control device.
You would be required to determine 3-hour average values for most
monitored parameters for the controlled coating operations within the
affected source. We selected this averaging period to reflect operating
conditions during the performance test to ensure the control system is
continuously operating at the same or better control level as during a
performance test demonstrating compliance with the emission limits.
If you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, you would need
records of the quantity of volatile matter used and the quantity
recovered by the solvent recovery system. You would demonstrate
compliance with the emission limit on a monthly basis using data from
the previous 12 months of operation.
H. How Did We Select the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as
described in Table 2 of the proposed subpart PPPP. We evaluated the
General Provisions requirements and included those we determined to be
the minimum notification, recordkeeping, and reporting necessary to
ensure compliance with, and effective enforcement of, the proposed
standards, modifying them as appropriate for the plastic parts and
products surface coating source category.
I. How Did We Select the Compliance Date?
You would be allowed 3 years to comply with the final standards for
existing affected sources. This is the maximum period allowed by the
CAA. We believe that 3 years for compliance is necessary to allow
adequate time to accommodate the variety of compliance methods that
existing sources may use. Most sources in this category would need this
3-year maximum amount of time to develop and test reformulated
coatings, particularly those that may opt to comply using a different
lower-emitting coating technology. We want to encourage the use of
these pollution prevention technologies. In addition, time would be
needed to establish records management systems required for enforcement
purposes. Some sources may need the time to purchase and install
emission capture and control systems. In such cases, you would need to
obtain permits for the use of add-on controls, which will require time
for approval from the permitting authority.
The CAA requires that new or reconstructed affected sources comply
with standards immediately upon startup or the effective date of the
final rule, whichever is later.
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
For the purpose of assessing impacts, we assumed that all sources
would convert to liquid coatings, thinners, and other additives with
lower organic HAP content than those presently used and would convert
to lower-HAP or no-HAP cleaning materials rather than using add-on
control devices, except for those already using add-on control devices.
A. What Are the Air Impacts?
The 1997 nationwide baseline organic HAP emissions for the 202
major source plastic parts and products surface coating facilities of
which EPA is aware are estimated to be 9,820 tpy. Implementation of the
emission limitations as proposed would reduce these emissions by
approximately 80 percent to 2,260 tpy. In addition, the proposed
emission limitations will not result in any significant secondary air
impacts. We expect that the majority of facilities will switch to low-
or no-organic HAP-containing materials to comply with the standards
rather than installing add-on control devices. Thus, increases in
electricity consumption (which could lead to increases in emissions of
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon
[[Page 72295]]
dioxide from electric utilities) will be minimal.
B. What Are the Cost Impacts?
The total capital cost (including monitoring costs) for existing
sources is estimated to be approximately $803,830. The nationwide
annual cost (including monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting costs)
for existing sources is approximately $10.7 million per year. Costs for
new sources were based on an estimate of six new sources being
constructed within 5 years after promulgation of the final standards.
The total capital cost (including monitoring costs) for new sources is
$28,000. The total annual cost (including monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting costs) for new sources is estimated to be approximately
$194,000 per year.
Cost estimates are based on information available to the
Administrator and presented in the economic analysis of this rule. The
costs are calculated assuming that the majority of sources would comply
by using lower HAP-containing or non-HAP coatings and cleaning
materials because such materials are generally available, and add-on
controls would not be technically feasible for typical facilities.
Waterborne coatings are a type of potentially lower-HAP coating which
could be used by facilities and may contribute to higher costs due to
increased drying times or temperatures that may be needed for
waterborne coatings. However, the data available in the plastic parts
ICR database did not indicate any definite relationship between coating
types and drying times or curing temperatures. We also assumed that
facilities presently equipped with add-on controls would continue to
operate those control devices and capture systems and would perform the
required performance tests and parameter monitoring. During development
of the proposed emission limitations, limited information was available
on the costs associated with the switch to low-HAP or non-HAP coatings
and cleaning materials. Thus, we request comment on the assumptions and
methodology used to determine these costs. Any comments should provide
detailed information that includes identification of the coatings or
cleaning materials (and associated costs) currently being used and the
coatings or cleaning materials (and associated costs) that would be
used to comply with the proposed emission limitations, as well as the
basis for the cost information. You may refer to the Determination of
Baseline Emissions and Costs and Emissions Impacts for New and Existing
Sources in the Plastic Parts and Products Surface Coating Source
Category memorandum in the docket for additional details.
C. What Are the Economic Impacts?
We prepared an economic impacts analysis (EIA) to evaluate the
impacts the proposed rule would have on the plastic parts and products
surface coating industry, consumers, and society. Economic impacts were
calculated on a facility-specific basis, as well as on a market segment
basis (e.g., automobile manufacturing, sporting goods, electronics
equipment, etc.). Economic impact indicators examined included price,
output, and employment impacts.
The EIA shows that the expected price increase for affected plastic
parts and products would be less than 0.1 percent as a result of the
proposed standards. Therefore, we do not expect any adverse impact to
occur for those industries that produce or consume plastic parts and
products such as home appliances, computer hardware producers, motor
vehicle manufacturers, and recreational vehicle manufacturers.
The distribution of costs across plastic parts and products
production facilities is slanted toward the lower impact levels with
many facilities incurring costs related only to annually recurring
monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping activities. The EIA indicates
that these regulatory costs are expected to represent only 0.25 percent
of the value of coating services, which should not cause producers to
cease or alter their current operations. Hence, no firms or facilities
are at risk of closures because of the proposed standards.
D. What Are the Non-air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?
Based on information from the industry survey responses, we found
no indication that the use of low-organic HAP content coatings,
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials at affected
sources would result in any increase or decrease in non-air health,
environmental, and energy impacts. There would be no change in the
utility requirements associated with the use of these materials, so
there would be no change in the amount of energy consumed as a result
of the material conversion. We estimate that the proposed emission
limitations will have a minimal impact on water quality because only a
few facilities are expected to comply by making process modifications
or by using add-on control devices that would generate wastewater.
However, because many low-HAP and no-HAP materials are waterborne, an
increase in wastewater generation from cleaning activities may result.
Although additional wastewater may be generated by facilities switching
to waterborne coatings, the amount of wastewater generated by these
facilities is not expected to increase significantly. We also estimate
that the proposed emission limitations will result in a decrease in the
amount of both solid and hazardous waste from facilities, as the
majority of facilities will be using lower organic HAP-containing
materials which will result in a decrease in the amount of waste
materials that would have to be disposed of as hazardous. In addition,
we expect that the majority of facilities will comply by using low-HAP
or no-organic HAP-containing materials rather than add-on control
devices. Thus, there will be little or no increase in energy usage
caused by the operation of add-on controls.
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, OMB has notified
EPA that it considers this a ``significant regulatory action'' within
the meaning of the Executive Order. The EPA has submitted this action
to OMB for review. Changes made in response to OMB suggestions or
recommendations will be documented in the public record.
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10,
[[Page 72296]]
1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
Under section 6 of Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a
regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs, and that is not required by statute, unless
the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct
compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA
consults with State and local officials early in the process of
developing the proposed regulation. The EPA also may not issue a
regulation that has federalism implications and that preempts State
law, unless the Agency consults with State and local officials early in
the process of developing the proposed regulation.
This proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Pursuant to the terms of
Executive Order 13132, it has been determined that this proposed rule
does not have ``federalism implications'' because it does not meet the
necessary criteria. Thus, the requirements of section 6 of the
Executive Order do not apply to this proposed rule.
C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000),
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have tribal implications.''
This proposed rule does not have tribal implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, or the
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. No
tribal governments own or operate plastic parts and products surface
coating facilities. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this
proposed rule. EPA specifically solicits additional comment on this
proposed rule from tribal officials.
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. This proposed rule is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish
environmental standards based on an assessment of health or safety
risks. No children's risk analysis was performed because no alternative
technologies exist that would provide greater stringency at a
reasonable cost. Furthermore, this proposed rule has been determined
not to be ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order
12866.
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
This proposed rule is not a ``significant energy action'' as
defined in Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Further,
we have concluded that this proposed rule is not likely to have any
adverse energy effects. Affected sources are expected to comply with
the proposed rule through pollution prevention rather than end-of-pipe
controls, and therefore, there would be no increase in energy usage.
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal governments, in
aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 1
year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement is
needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify and
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do
not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least-
costly, most cost-effective, or least-burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory
requirements.
The EPA has determined that this proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual cost of this
proposed rule for any 1 year has been estimated to be slightly less
than $11 million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the
requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has
determined that this proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements
that
[[Page 72297]]
might significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it
contains no requirements that apply to such governments or impose
obligations upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject
to the requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601, et
seq.
The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedures Act or any
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business whose
parent company has fewer than 500 or 1,000 employees, depending on the
size definition for the affected NAICS Code; (2) a small governmental
jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, school
district or special district with a population of less than 50,000; and
(3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise that is
independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field. It
should be noted that companies in 32 NAICS codes are affected by this
proposed rule, and the small business definition applied to each
industry by NAICS code is that listed in the Small Business
Administration size standards (13 CFR part 121).
After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We have
determined that 67 of the 130 firms, or 51 percent of the total,
affected by this proposed rule may be small entities. While the number
of small firms appears to be a large proportion of the total number of
affected firms, the small firms only experience 21 percent of the total
national compliance cost of $11 million (1997 $). Of the 67 affected
small firms, only three firms are estimated to have compliance costs
that exceed 1 percent of their revenues. The maximum impact on any
affected small entity is a compliance cost of 1.8 percent of its sales.
Finally, while there is a difference between the median compliance
cost-to-sales estimates for the affected small and large firms (0.08
percent compared to 0.01 percent for the large firms, and 0.03 percent
across all affected firms), no adverse economic impacts are expected
for either small or large firms affected by the proposed rule.
Therefore, the affected small firms are not disproportionately affected
by this proposed rule as compared to the affected large firms.
Although this proposed rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities, EPA nonetheless has
tried to reduce the impact of this proposed rule on small entities. The
Agency has also reached out to small entities as part of our outreach
to affected industries. Representatives of small entities have
participated in stakeholder meetings held during the last 3 years as
well as site visits conducted by the EPA for data gathering purposes.
Small entities will be afforded extensive flexibility in demonstrating
compliance through pollution prevention rather than the use of add-on
control technology. We are proposing compliance options which give
small entities flexibility in choosing the most cost-effective and
least burdensome alternative for their operation. For example, a
facility could purchase and use low-HAP coatings and other materials
(i.e., pollution prevention) that meet the proposed standards instead
of using add-on capture and control systems. This method of compliance
can be demonstrated with minimum burden by using purchase and usage
records. No testing of materials would be required, as the facility
owner could show that their coatings and other materials meet the
emission limits by providing formulation data supplied by the
manufacturer.
We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of the
proposed standards on small entities and welcome comments on issues
related to such impacts.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act,
44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR)
document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 2044.01) and a copy may be
obtained from Susan Auby by mail at U.S. EPA, Office of Environmental
Information, Collection Strategies Division (2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue, NW., Washington DC 20460, by e-mail at [email protected], or
by calling (202) 566-1672. A copy may also be downloaded off the
Internet at http://www.epa.gov/icr. The information collection
requirements are not effective until OMB approves them.
The information collection requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General
Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to EPA pursuant
to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of
confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to Agency policies set
forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The proposed standards would require maintaining records of all
coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials data and
calculations used to determine compliance. This information includes
the volume used during each compliance period, mass fraction of organic
HAP, density, and mass fraction of coating solids.
If an add-on control device is used, records must be kept of the
capture efficiency of the capture system, destruction or removal
efficiency of the add-on control device, and the monitored operating
parameters. In addition, records must be kept of each calculation of
the affected source's emissions for each 12-month compliance period and
all data, calculations, test results, and other supporting information
used to determine this value.
The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting burden in the 3rd year
after the effective date of the promulgated rule is estimated to be
118,835 labor hours at a cost of $5.4 million for new and existing
sources. This estimate includes the cost of determining and recording
organic HAP content, solids content, and density, as needed, of the
regulated materials, and developing a system for determining and
recording the amount of each material used and performing the
calculations needed for demonstrating compliance.
For those affected sources using an add-on control device to
comply, the costs also include a one-time performance test and report
(with repeat tests where needed) of the add-on control device, one-time
purchase and installation of CPMS, one-time submission of a SSMP, and
any required startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Total capital/
startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements over the 3-
year period of
[[Page 72298]]
the ICR are estimated at $133,000, with operation and maintenance costs
of $655 per year.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
Comments are requested on the EPA's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of
automated collection techniques. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments
on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies Division, U.S. EPA
(2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington DC 20460; or by
courier, send comments on the ICR to the Director, Collection
Strategies Division, U.S. EPA (2822T), 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW.,
Room 6143, Washington DC 20460 (202 566-1700); and to the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget,
725 17th St., NW., Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk
Officer for EPA.'' Include the ICR number in any correspondence. Since
OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60
days after December 4, 2002, a comment to OMB is best assured of having
its full effect if OMB receives it by January 3, 2003. The final rule
will respond to any OMB or public comments on the information
collection requirements contained in this proposal.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note) directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in its
regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so would be
inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. The VCS are
technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business practices) developed or adopted by
one or more voluntary consensus bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to
provide Congress, through annual reports to OMB, with explanations when
the Agency does not use available and applicable VCS.
This proposed rulemaking involves technical standards. The EPA
proposes in this rule to use EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G,
3, 3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, and 311. Consistent with the
NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS in addition to these EPA
methods. No applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D,
2F, 2G, 204, 204A-F, and 311. The search and review results have been
documented and are placed in the docket (Docket No. A-99-12) for this
proposed rule.
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 91), and ASTM D5403-93 are already
incorporated by reference in EPA Method 24. In addition, we are
separately specifying the use of ASTM D1475-98, ``Standard Test Method
for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products,'' for
measuring the density of individual coating components, such as organic
solvents.
Five VCS: ASTM D1979-91, ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-
93, and ASTM PS9-94 are incorporated by reference in EPA Method 311.
The VCS ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 1996), ``Standard Test Method for
Determination of Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) and 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform) in Paints and Coatings by Direct
Injection into a Gas Chromatograph,'' is not a complete alternative to
EPA Method 311, but is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 311 for
the following two HAP: (1) Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) and (2)
1,1,1-Trichlorethane (methyl chloroform). Therefore, EPA will
incorporate by reference ASTM D4457 into 40 CFR 63.14 in the future.
In addition to the VCS EPA proposes to use in this proposed rule,
the search for emission measurement procedures identified 17 other VCS.
The EPA determined that 13 of these 17 standards were impractical
alternatives to EPA test methods for the purposes of this proposed
rulemaking. Therefore, EPA does not propose to adopt these standards
today. (See docket A-99-12 for further information on the methods.)
The following four of the 17 VCS identified in this search were not
available at the time the review was conducted for the purposes of this
proposed rulemaking because they are under development by a voluntary
consensus body: ASME/BSR MFC 13M, ``Flow Measurement by Velocity
Traverse,'' for EPA Method 2 (and possibly 1); ASME/BSR MFC 12M, ``Flow
in Closed Conduits Using Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary
Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; ISO/DIS 12039, ``Stationary Source
Emissions--Determination of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and
Oxygen--Automated Methods,'' for EPA Method 3A; and ISO/PWI 17895,
``Paints and Varnishes--Determination of the Volatile Organic Compound
Content of Water-based Emulsion Paints,'' for EPA Method 24. While we
are not proposing to include these four VCS in today's proposal, the
EPA will consider the VCS when finalized.
The EPA takes comment on the compliance demonstration requirements
in this proposed rulemaking and specifically invites the public to
identify potentially-applicable VCS. Commentors should also explain why
this proposed rule should adopt these VCS in lieu of or in addition to
EPA's method. Emission test methods submitted for evaluation should be
accompanied by a basis for the recommendation, including method
validation data and the procedure used to validate the candidate method
(if a method other than Method 301, 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, was
used).
Sections 63.4541, 63.4551, 63.4561, 63.4565, and 63.4566 of the
proposed standards list the EPA testing methods included in the
proposed standards. Under 40 CFR 63.7(f) of the General Provisions, a
source may apply to EPA for permission to use alternative test methods
in place of any of the EPA testing methods.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: November 8, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:
[[Page 72299]]
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart PPPP to read as follows:
Subpart PPPP--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
What This Subpart Covers
Sec.
63.4480 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.4481 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.4482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.4483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
Emission Limitations
63.4490 What emission limits must I meet?
63.4491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.4492 What operating limits must I meet?
63.4493 What work practice standards must I meet?
General Compliance Requirements
63.4500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.4501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
63.4510 What notifications must I submit?
63.4520 What reports must I submit?
63.4530 What records must I keep?
63.4531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
63.4540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
63.4550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
63.4560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4562 [Reserved]
63.4563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.4565 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.4566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.4567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.4568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
Other Requirements and Information
63.4580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.4581 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Tables to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
Table 1 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using the
Emission Rate with Add-On Controls Option.
Table 2 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Applicability of General
Provisions to Subpart PPPP of Part 63.
Table 3 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction of Solvents and Solvent Blends.
Table 4 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups.
Subpart PPPP--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
What This Subpart Covers
Sec. 63.4480 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for plastic parts and products surface coating
facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate
initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations.
Sec. 63.4481 Am I subject to this subpart?
(a) Plastic parts and products include, but are not limited to,
plastic components of the following types of products as well as the
products themselves: motor vehicle parts and accessories for
automobiles, trucks, recreational vehicles; sporting and recreational
goods; toys; business machines; laboratory and medical equipment; and
household and other consumer products. Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, the source category to which this subpart applies
is the surface coating of any plastic part or product, as described in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and it includes the subcategories
listed in paragraphs (a)(2) through (5) of this section.
(1) Surface coating is the application of coating to a substrate
using, for example, spray guns or dip tanks, and associated activities,
such as surface preparation, cleaning, mixing, and storage, etc.
(2) The general use coating subcategory includes all coating
operations that are not headlamp coating operations, thermoplastic
olefin (TPO) coating operations, or assembled on-road vehicle coating
operations.
(3) The headlamp coating subcategory includes the surface coating
of plastic components of the body of an automotive headlamp; typical
coatings used are reflective argent coatings and clear topcoats.
(4) The TPO coating subcategory includes the surface coating of TPO
substrates; typical coatings used are adhesion promoters, primers,
color coatings, clear coatings and topcoats. The coating of TPO
substrates on fully assembled on-road vehicles is not included in the
TPO coating subcategory.
(5) The assembled on-road vehicle coating subcategory includes the
surface coating of plastic parts on fully assembled motor vehicles and
trailers intended for on-road use, including, but not limited to,
plastic parts on: automobiles and light trucks that have been repaired
after a collision or otherwise repainted, fleet delivery trucks, and
motor homes and other recreational vehicles (including camping trailers
and fifth wheels). The assembled on-road vehicle coating subcategory
does not include the surface coating of plastic parts prior to their
attachment to an on-road vehicle on an original equipment
manufacturer's (OEM) assembly line. The assembled on-road vehicle
coating subcategory also does not include the use of adhesives,
sealants, and caulks used in assembling on-road vehicles.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec.
63.4482, that uses 100 gallons per year, or more, of coatings in the
surface coating of plastic parts and products defined in paragraph (a)
of this section; and that is a major source, is located at a major
source, or is part of a major source of emissions of hazardous air
pollutants (HAP). A major source of HAP emissions is any stationary
source or group of stationary sources located within a contiguous area
and under common control that emits or has the potential to emit any
single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams (Mg) (10 tons) or more per year
or any
[[Page 72300]]
combination of HAP at a rate of 22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year.
(c) This subpart does not apply to surface coating that meets the
criteria of paragraphs (c)(1) through (12) of this section.
(1) Surface coating conducted at a source that uses only coatings,
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials that contain no
organic HAP, as determined according to Sec. 63.4541(a).
(2) Surface coating of plastic subject to the NESHAP for aerospace
manufacturing and rework facilities (subpart GG of this part).
(3) Surface coating of plastic and wood subject to the NESHAP for
wood furniture manufacturing facilities (subpart JJ of this part).
(4) Surface coating of plastic and metal subject to the NESHAP for
large appliance surface coating (subpart NNNN of this part).
(5) Surface coating of plastic and metal subject to the NESHAP for
metal furniture surface coating.\1\
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\1\ Proposed at 67 FR 20206, April 24, 2002.
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(6) Surface coating of plastic and wood subject to the NESHAP for
wood building products surface coating.\2\
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\2\ Proposed at 67 FR 42400, June 21, 2002.
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(7) In-mold coating operations or gel coating operations in the
manufacture of reinforced plastic composite parts subject to the NESHAP
for reinforced plastics composites production.\3\
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\3\ Proposed at 66 FR 40323, August 2, 2001.
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(8) Surface coating of parts that are pre-assembled from plastic
and metal components, where greater than 50 percent of the coatings (by
volume, determined on a rolling 12-month basis) are applied to the
metal surfaces, and where the source is subject to the NESHAP for
miscellaneous metal parts surface coating.\4\ If your source is subject
to the NESHAP for miscellaneous metal parts surface coating \5\ and you
can demonstrate that more than 50 percent of coatings are applied to
metal surfaces, then compliance with the NESHAP for miscellaneous metal
parts surface coating \6\ constitutes compliance with subpart PPPP. You
must maintain records (such as coating usage or surface area) to
document that more than 50 percent of coatings are applied to metal
surfaces.
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\4\ Proposed at 67 FR 62780, August 13, 2002.
\5\ Proposed at 67 FR 52780, August 13, 2002.
\6\ Proposed at 67 FR 52780, August 13, 2002.
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(9) Surface coating that occurs at research or laboratory
facilities or is part of janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations, or hobby shops that are operated for personal rather than
commercial purposes.
(10) Surface coating of magnet wire.
(11) Surface coating of fiberglass boats or parts of fiberglass
boats where the facility is subject to the requirements for fiberglass
boat manufacturing facilities in the NESHAP for boat manufacturing
(subpart VVVV of this part), except where the surface coating of the
boat is a post-mold coating operation performed on personal watercraft
or parts of personal watercraft. This subpart applies to post-mold
coating operations performed on personal watercraft or parts of
personal watercraft. For the purposes of this subpart, a personal
watercraft is defined as a vessel (boat) which uses an inboard motor
powering a water jet pump as its primary source of motive power and
which is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting,
standing, or kneeling on the vessel, rather than in the conventional
manner of sitting or standing inside the vessel.
(12) Operations where plastic is extruded onto the plastic part or
product to form a coating.
(d) If you own or operate an affected source that is subject to
this subpart and at the same affected source you also perform surface
coating subject to any other NESHAP in this part, you may choose to be
subject to the requirements of the more stringent of the subparts for
the entire surface coating facility. If you choose to be subject to the
requirements of another subpart and demonstrate that, by doing so, your
facility-wide HAP emissions in kilograms (kg) per year (tons per year)
from surface coating operations will be less than or equal to the
emissions achieved by complying separately with all applicable
subparts, compliance with the more stringent NESHAP will constitute
compliance with this subpart.
Sec. 63.4482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source within each of the four subcategories listed in Sec.
63.4481(a).
(b) The affected source is the collection of all of the items
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section that are used
for surface coating of plastic parts and products within each
subcategory:
(1) All coating operations as defined in Sec. 63.4581;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings,
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials are stored or
mixed;
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials; and
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating operation.
(c) An affected source is a new source if it meets the criteria in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section and the criteria in either paragraph
(c)(2) or (3) of this section.
(1) You commenced the construction of the source after December 4,
2002, by installing new coating equipment.
(2) The new coating equipment is used to coat plastic parts and
products at a source where no plastic parts surface coating was
previously performed.
(3) The new coating equipment is used to perform plastic parts and
products coating in a subcategory that was not previously performed.
(d) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(e) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.
Sec. 63.4483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in Sec. Sec.
63.4540, 63.4550, and 63.4560.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal
Register], the compliance date is [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN
THE Federal Register].
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal
Register], the compliance date is the date of initial startup of your
affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is the
date 3 years after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal
Register].
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the
[[Page 72301]]
compliance date is the date of initial startup of the affected source
or [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register],
whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or 3 years after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], whichever is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.4510
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.
Emission Limitations
Sec. 63.4490 What emission limits must I meet?
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, you must limit
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from the affected source to the
applicable limit specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this
section, determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541,
Sec. 63.4551, or Sec. 63.4561.
(1) For each new general use coating affected source, limit organic
HAP emissions to no more than 0.16 kg (0.16 pound (lb)) of organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period.
(2) For each new headlamp coating affected source, limit organic
HAP emissions to no more than 0.26 kg (0.26 lb) of organic HAP emitted
per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(3) For each new TPO coating affected source, limit organic HAP
emissions to no more than 0.17 kg (0.17 lb) of organic HAP emitted per
kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(4) For each new assembled on-road vehicle coating affected source,
limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 1.34 kg (1.34 lb) of
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used during each 12-
month compliance period.
(b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere from the affected source to the applicable
limit specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section,
determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541, Sec.
63.4551, or Sec. 63.4561.
(1) For each existing general use coating affected source, limit
organic HAP emissions to no more than 0.16 kg (0.16 lb) of organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period.
(2) For each existing headlamp coating affected source, limit
organic HAP emissions to no more than 0.45 kg (0.45 lb) of organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period.
(3) For each existing TPO coating affected source, limit organic
HAP emissions to no more than 0.23 kg (0.23 lb) of organic HAP emitted
per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(4) For each existing assembled on-road vehicle coating affected
source, limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 1.34 kg (1.34 lb)
of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used during each
12-month compliance period.
Sec. 63.4491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
You must include all coatings (as defined in Sec. 63.4581),
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used in the
affected source when determining whether the organic HAP emission rate
is equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490. To make this determination, you must use at least one of the
three compliance options listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section. You may apply any of the compliance options to an individual
coating operation, or to multiple coating operations as a group, or to
the entire affected source. You may use different compliance options
for different coating operations, or at different times on the same
coating operation. However, you may not use different compliance
options at the same time on the same coating operation. If you switch
between compliance options for any coating operation or group of
coating operations, you must document this switch as required by Sec.
63.4530(c), and you must report it in the next semiannual compliance
report required in Sec. 63.4520.
(a) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating used in the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and that
each thinner, other additive, and cleaning material used contains no
organic HAP. You must meet all the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.4540,
63.4541, and 63.4542 to demonstrate compliance with the applicable
emission limit using this option.
(b) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation(s), the organic HAP emission
rate for the coating operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, calculated as a rolling 12-
month emission rate and determined on a monthly basis. You must meet
all the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.4550, 63.4551, and 63.4552 to
demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using this option.
(c) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners and other additives, cleaning materials
used in the coating operation(s), and the emissions reductions achieved
by emission capture systems and add-on controls, the organic HAP
emission rate for the coating operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, calculated as a rolling 12-
month emission rate and determined on a monthly basis. If you use this
compliance option, you must also demonstrate that all emission capture
systems and add-on control devices for the coating operation(s) meet
the operating limits required in Sec. 63.4492, except for solvent
recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances
according to Sec. 63.4561(j), and that you meet the work practice
standards required in Sec. 63.4493. You must meet all the requirements
of Sec. Sec. 63.4560 through 63.4568 to demonstrate compliance with
the emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards
using this option.
Sec. 63.4492 What operating limits must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any operating limits.
(b) For any controlled coating operation(s) on which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, except those for which you
use a solvent recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance according to Sec. 63.4561(j), you must meet the operating
limits specified in table 1 of this subpart. These operating limits
apply to the emission capture and control systems on the coating
operation(s) for which you use this option, and you must establish the
operating limits during the performance test according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4567. You must meet the operating limits at
all times after you establish them.
(c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
table 1 of this
[[Page 72302]]
subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter and comply with a
different operating limit, you must apply to the Administrator for
approval of alternative monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f).
Sec. 63.4493 What work practice standards must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any work practice standards.
(b) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP
emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying of coatings, thinners
and other additives, and cleaning materials used in, and waste
materials generated by, the controlled coating operation(s) for which
you use this option; or you must meet an alternative standard as
provided in paragraph (c) of this section. The plan must specify
practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are
implemented.
(1) All organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and other
additives, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be stored in
closed containers.
(2) Spills of organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and other
additives, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and other additives,
cleaning materials, and waste materials must be conveyed from one
location to another in closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP-containing coatings
and other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or
mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), may choose to grant you permission to use an
alternative to the work practice standards in this section.
General Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.4500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option, as
specified in Sec. 63.4491(a) and (b), must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 at all times.
(2) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the emission rate
with add-on controls option, as specified in Sec. 63.4491(c), must be
in compliance with the emission limitations as specified in paragraphs
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 at all times except during
periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(ii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
operating limits for emission capture systems and add-on control
devices required by Sec. 63.4492 at all times except during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and except for solvent recovery
systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according
to Sec. 63.4561(j).
(iii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4493 at all times.
(b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source,
including all air pollution control and monitoring equipment you use
for purposes of complying with this subpart, according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device, you must develop and implement a written
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan must address the startup, shutdown, and
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission
capture system or the add-on control device. The plan must also address
any coating operation equipment that may cause increased emissions or
that would affect capture efficiency if the process equipment
malfunctions, such as conveyors that move parts among enclosures.
Sec. 63.4501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Table 2 of this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Sec. Sec. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.
Notifications, Reports, and Records
Sec. 63.4510 What notifications must I submit?
(a) General. You must submit the notifications in Sec. Sec.
63.7(b) and (c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply
to you by the dates specified in those sections, except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the Initial Notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register], whichever is later.
For an existing affected source, you must submit the Initial
Notification no later than 1 year after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL
RULE IN THE Federal Register].
(c) Notification of compliance status. You must submit the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance
period described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or Sec. 63.4560 that
applies to your affected source. The Notification of Compliance Status
must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9)
of this section and in Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or Sec. 63.4560 that
applies to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in
Sec. 63.4491 that you used on each coating operation in the affected
source during the initial compliance period.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, include all the calculations you used to determine the kg (lb)
of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. You do not need
to submit information provided by the materials suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i)
through (iv) of this section that is required by the compliance
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit,
include an example of how you determined the value, including
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data can include a copy of
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example
coating or material, or a summary of the
[[Page 72303]]
results of testing conducted according to Sec. 63.4541(a), (b), or
(c). You do not need to submit copies of any test reports.
(i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner
or other additive, and for one cleaning material.
(ii) Mass fraction of coating solids for one coating.
(iii) Density for one coating, one thinner or other additive, and
one cleaning material, except that if you use the compliant material
option, only the example coating density is required.
(iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551.
(8) The calculation of kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified
in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, provide an example
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating, using Equation
1 of Sec. 63.4541.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for each
month; the calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each
month; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C, 2, and 3, respectively, of Sec.
63.4551.
(iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used
each month, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4551; the
calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each month using
Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
each month by emission capture systems and add-on control devices,
using Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4561 and Equations 2,
3, and 3A through 3C of Sec. 63.4561, as applicable; the calculation
of the total mass of organic HAP emissions each month, using Equation 4
of Sec. 63.4561; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate, using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4561.
(9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, you must
include the information specified in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv)
of this section, except that the requirements in paragraphs (c)(9)(i)
through (iii) of this section do not apply to solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j).
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. Include a
description of the protocol followed for measuring capture efficiency,
summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and any
calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If you
use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit (LCL)
approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to show
you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of this
part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4493.
Sec. 63.4520 What reports must I submit?
(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements may be satisfied by
reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
Note that the information reported for each of the months in the
reporting period will be based on the last 12 months of data prior to
the date of each monthly calculation.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or
Sec. 63.4560 that applies to your affected source and ends on June 30
or December 31, whichever occurs first following the end of the initial
compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established
instead of according to the date specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of
this section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a
semiannual compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as
part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual
compliance report includes all required information concerning
deviations from any emission limitation in this subpart, its submission
will be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations
in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a
semiannual compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation
the affected source may have to report deviations from permit
requirements to the permitting authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v)
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31. Note that the information reported for each of
the 6 months in the reporting period will be based on the last 12
[[Page 72304]]
months of data prior to the date of each monthly calculation.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified
in Sec. 63.4491 that you used on each coating operation during the
reporting period. If you switched between compliance options during the
reporting period, you must report the beginning and ending dates you
used each option.
(v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls or the
emission rate with add-on controls compliance option (Sec. 63.4491(b)
or (c)), the calculation results for each rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate during the 6-month reporting period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations in Sec. Sec. 63.4490, 63.4492, and 63.4493 that apply to
you, the semiannual compliance report must include a statement that
there were no deviations from the emission limitations during the
reporting period. If you used the emission rate with add-on controls
option and there were no periods during which the continuous parameter
monitoring systems (CPMS) were out-of-control as specified in Sec.
63.8(c)(7), the semiannual compliance report must include a statement
that there were no periods during which the CPMS were out-of-control
during the reporting period.
(5) Deviations: Compliant material option. If you used the
compliant material option and there was a deviation from the applicable
HAP content requirements in Sec. 63.4490, the semiannual compliance
report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through
(iv) of this section.
(i) Identification of each coating used that deviated from the
applicable emission limit, and each thinner, other additive, and
cleaning material used that contained organic HAP, and the dates and
time periods each was used.
(ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content (using Equation 1
of Sec. 63.4541) for each coating identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of
this section. You do not need to submit background data supporting this
calculation (e.g., information provided by coating suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each
thinner, other additive, and cleaning material identified in paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section. You do not need to submit background data
supporting this calculation (e.g., information provided by material
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(6) Deviations: Emission rate without add-on controls option. If
you used the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, the
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs
(a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation
occurred. You must submit the calculations for Equations 1, 1A through
1C, 2, and 3 of Sec. 63.4551; and if applicable, the calculation used
to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.4551(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data supporting
these calculations (e.g., information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: Emission rate with add-on controls option. If you
used the emission rate with add-on controls option and there was a
deviation from an emission limitation (including any periods when
emissions bypassed the add-on control device and were diverted to the
atmosphere), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (xiv) of this section. This
includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which
deviations occurred.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period in which a deviation occurred.
You must provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions for the coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials used each month, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec.
63.4551; and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of
organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4); the
calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each month, using
Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; the calculation of the mass of organic HAP
emission reduction each month by emission capture systems and add-on
control devices, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4561,
and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through 3C of Sec. 63.4561, as applicable;
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions each month,
using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4561; and the calculation of the 12-month
organic HAP emission rate, using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4561. You do
not need to submit the background data supporting these calculations
(e.g., information provided by materials suppliers or manufacturers, or
test reports).
(iii) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
(iv) A brief description of the CPMS.
(v) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(viii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 1 of this subpart; date and time period of any bypass of
the add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(ix) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 1 of this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period, and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(x) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 1 of this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xi) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(xii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control device since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xiii) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation, the date and time period of the
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
[[Page 72305]]
(xiv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use the emission rate with
add-on controls option, you must submit reports of performance test
results for emission capture systems and add-on control devices no
later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you used the
emission rate with add-on controls option and you had a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you
must submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If your actions were consistent with your startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan, you must include the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual compliance report required by
paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must submit an immediate startup,
shutdown, and malfunction report as described in paragraph (c)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
Sec. 63.4530 What records must I keep?
You must collect and keep records of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is
a deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each
notification and report.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each
coating, thinner or other additive and cleaning material, and the mass
fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing
to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or mass fraction of
coating solids, you must keep a copy of the complete test report. If
you use information provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier of
the material that was based on testing, you must keep the summary sheet
of results provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier. You are not
required to obtain the test report or other supporting documentation
from the manufacturer or supplier.
(c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) A record of the coating operations on which you used each
compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending dates and
times) you used each option.
(2) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the organic HAP content for each coating, using Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4541.
(3) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used
each month, using Equations 1, 1A through 1C, and 2 of Sec. 63.4551
and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic
HAP in waste materials according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4); the
calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each month using
Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; and the calculation of each 12-month
organic HAP emission rate, using Equation 3 of Sec. 63.4551.
(4) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, records of
the calculations specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (v) of this
section.
(i) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for
the coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used
each month, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4551; and
if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in
waste materials according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4);
(ii) The calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each
month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551;
(iii) The calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
by emission capture systems and add-on control devices, using Equations
1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4561 and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through
3C of Sec. 63.4561, as applicable;
(iv) The calculation of each month's organic HAP emission rate,
using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4561; and
(v) The calculation of each 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4561.
(d) A record of the name and volume of each coating, thinner or
other additive, and cleaning material used during each compliance
period. If you are using the compliant material option for all coatings
at the source, you may maintain purchase records for each material used
rather than a record of the volume used.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating,
thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used during each
compliance period.
(f) A record of the mass fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each compliance period.
(g) If you use either the emission rate without add-on controls or
the emission rate with add-on controls compliance option, the density
for each coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used
during each compliance period.
(h) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551 for
organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for
shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF)
according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4), you must keep records of the
information specified in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste
materials for which you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4551, a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262, 264,
265, and 266 apply to the facility, and the date of each shipment.
(2) Identification of the coating operations producing waste
materials included in each shipment and the month or months in which
you used the allowance for these materials in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4551.
(3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.4551(e)(4) to
determine the total amount of waste materials sent to or the amount
collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF each month;
and the methodology to determine the mass of organic HAP contained in
these waste materials. This must include the sources for all data used
in the determination, methods used to generate the data, frequency of
testing or monitoring, and supporting calculations and documentation,
including the waste manifest for each shipment.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each
deviation.
(k) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must keep the records specified in paragraphs (k)(1) through (8) of
this section.
(1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
[[Page 72306]]
(2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each
operating limit specified in Table 1 of this subpart that applies to
you.
(4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in
Sec. 63.4565(a).
(5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565(b) through
(e), including the records specified in paragraphs (k)(5)(i) through
(iii) of this section that apply to you.
(i) Records for a liquid-to-uncaptured gas protocol using a
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of
total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or F of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report.
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for
either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
(ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or C
of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part
51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the
enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure.
(iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.4565(e), if applicable.
(6) The records specified in paragraphs (k)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination as specified in Sec. 63.4566.
(i) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4566.
(ii) Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on
control device performance test showing that the performance test was
conducted under representative operating conditions.
(7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.4567 and to document compliance with the
operating limits as specified in Table 1 of this subpart.
(8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4493
and documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous
basis.
Sec. 63.4531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record
for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep
the records off site for the remaining 3 years.
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
Sec. 63.4540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements in Sec.
63.4541. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through that month plus the next 12 months.
The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations
according to Sec. 63.4541 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period, you used no coating with an
organic HAP content that exceeded the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4490, and that you used no thinners, other additives, or
cleaning materials that contained organic HAP as determined according
to Sec. 63.4541(a).
Sec. 63.4541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?
You may use the compliant material option for any individual
coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the affected
source, or for all the coating operations in the affected source. You
must use either the emission rate without add-on controls option or the
emission rate with add-on controls option for any coating operation in
the affected source for which you do not use this option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using the compliant material option, the
coating operation or group of coating operations must use no coating
with an organic HAP content that exceeds the applicable emission limit
in Sec. 63.4490 and must use no thinner or other additive, or cleaning
material that contains organic HAP as determined according to this
section. Any coating operation for which you use the compliant material
option is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice
standards required in Sec. Sec. 63.4492 and 63.4493, respectively. You
must conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration for each
general use coating, TPO coating, headlamp coating, and assembled on-
road vehicle coating affected source. You must meet all the
requirements of this section. Use the procedures in this section on
each coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material in the
condition it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or
supplier and prior to any alteration. You do not need to redetermine
the HAP content of coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials that are reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating operation
for which you use the compliant material option, provided these
materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply
with the compliant material option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used during
the compliance period by
[[Page 72307]]
using one of the options in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this
section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the
procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section
when performing a Method 311 test.
(i) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other compounds.
For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured to be 0.5
percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express
the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to
four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
(ii) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g.,
0.763).
(2) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coatings, you may
use Method 24 to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile
matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic
HAP.
(3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit
an alternative test method for approval.
(4) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section,
such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic
HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined
carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent
by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene (not an
OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not
have to count it. If there is a disagreement between such information
and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs (a)(1) through
(3) of this section, then the test method results will take precedence.
(5) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in
these solvent blends listed in Table 3 or 4 of this subpart. If you use
the tables, you must use the values in Table 3 for all solvent blends
that match Table 3 entries, and you may only use Table 4 if the solvent
blends in the materials you use do not match any of the solvent blends
in Table 3 and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or
aromatic. However, if the results of a Method 311 test indicate higher
values than those listed on Table 3 or 4 of this subpart, the Method
311 results will take precedence.
(b) Determine the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating.
You must determine the mass fraction of coating solids (pounds of
coating solids per pound of coating) for each coating used during the
compliance period by a test or by information provided by the supplier
or the manufacturer of the material, as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (3) of this section. If test results obtained according to
paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section do not agree with the
information obtained under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the test
results will take precedence.
(1) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). You may use Method 24
for determining the mass fraction of solids of coatings.
(2) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the solids content of each coating once the Administrator
has approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to
submit an alternative test method for approval.
(3) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may obtain the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating
from the supplier or manufacturer. If there is disagreement between
such information and the test method results, then the test method
results will take precedence.
(c) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating. Calculate
the organic HAP content, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used, of each coating used during the compliance period,
using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.001
Where:
Hc = organic HAP content of the coating, kg (lb) of organic
HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used.
Wc = mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating, lb organic
HAP per lb coating, determined according to paragraph (a) of this
section.
Sc = mass fraction of coating solids, lb coating solids per
lb coating, determined according to paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Compliance demonstration. The calculated organic HAP content
for each coating used during the initial compliance period must be less
than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490; and
each thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used during the
initial compliance period must contain no organic HAP, determined
according to paragraph (a) of this section. You must keep all records
required by Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the Notification
of Compliance Status required in Sec. 63.4510, you must identify the
coating operation(s) for which you used the compliant material option
and submit a statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance
period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content
exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and you used
no thinners, other additives, or cleaning materials that contained
organic HAP, determined according to the procedures in paragraph (a) of
this section.
Sec. 63.4542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) For each compliance period to demonstrate continuous
compliance, you must use no coating for which the organic HAP content
(determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4541) exceeds the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and use no thinner or other additive,
or cleaning material that contains organic HAP, determined according to
Sec. 63.4541(a). A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each
month, after the end of the initial compliance period described in
Sec. 63.4540, is the end of a compliance period consisting of that
month and the preceding 11 months.
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using
the compliant material option, the use of any coating, thinner or other
additive, or cleaning material that does not meet the criteria
specified in paragraph (a) of this section is a deviation from the
emission limitations that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec.
63.4510(c)(6) and 63.4520(a)(5).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating
[[Page 72308]]
operation(s) for which you used the compliant material option. If there
were no deviations from the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490,
submit a statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting period
because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content exceeded
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and you used no thinner
or other additive, or cleaning material that contained organic HAP,
determined according to Sec. 63.4541(a).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.4551. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
mass of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations
according to Sec. 63.4551 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
Sec. 63.4551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?
You may use the emission rate without add-on controls option for
any individual coating operation, for any group of coating operations
in the affected source, or for all the coating operations in the
affected source. You must use either the compliant material option or
the emission rate with add-on controls option for any coating operation
in the affected source for which you do not use this option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate without add-on
controls option, the coating operation or group of coating operations
must meet the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, but is not
required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in
Sec. Sec. 63.4492 and 63.4493, respectively. You must conduct a
separate initial compliance demonstration for each general use coating,
TPO coating, headlamp coating, and assembled on-road vehicle coating
affected source. You must meet all the requirements of this section.
When calculating the organic HAP emission rate according to this
section, do not include any coatings, thinners or other additives, or
cleaning materials used on coating operations for which you use the
compliant material option or the emission rate with add-on controls
option or coating operations in a different affected source in a
different subcategory. You do not need to redetermine the mass of
organic HAP in coatings, thinners and other additives, or cleaning
materials that have been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating
operation for which you use the emission rate without add-on controls
option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner or
other additive, and cleaning material used during each month according
to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541(a).
(b) Determine the mass fraction of coating solids. Determine the
mass fraction of coating solids (pounds of solids per pound of coating)
for each coating used during each month according to the requirements
in Sec. 63.4541(b).
(c) Determine the density of each material. Determine the density
of each coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used
during each month from test results using ASTM Method D1475-98,
information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, or
reference sources providing density or specific gravity data for pure
materials. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98 test
results and other such information sources, the test results will take
precedence.
(d) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the
volume (gallons) of each coating, thinner or other additive, and
cleaning material used during each month by measurement or usage
records.
(e) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used
during each month minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 1 of this
section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.002
Where:
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the month,
lb.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
lb, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other additives used
during the month, lb, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
C = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, lb, as calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
Rw = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the month, lb, determined according to paragraph (e)(4)
of this section. (You may assign a value of zero to Rw if
you do not wish to use this allowance.)
(1) Calculate the lb organic HAP in the coatings used during the
month using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.003
Where:
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
lb.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
gallons.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, lb coating per gallon coating.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, lb
organic HAP per lb coating.
m = number of different coatings used during the month.
(2) Calculate the lb of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used
[[Page 72309]]
during the month using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.004
Where:
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other additives used
during the month, lb.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner or other additive, j, used
during the month, gallons.
Dt,j = density of thinner or other additive, j, lb per
gallon.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner or other
additive, j, lb organic HAP per lb thinner.
n = number of different thinners or other additives used during the
month.
(3) Calculate the lb organic HAP in the cleaning materials used
during the month using Equation 1C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.005
Where:
C = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, lb.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month, gallons.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, lb per gallon.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
lb organic HAP per lb material.
p = number of different cleaning materials used during the month.
(4) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste
TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must determine it
according to paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) You may include in the determination only waste materials that
are generated by coating operations in the affected source for which
you use Equation 1 of this section and that will be treated or disposed
of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 262,
264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You may
not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
(ii) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the month or the amount collected and stored
during the month and designated for future transport to a TSDF. Do not
include in your determination any waste materials sent to a TSDF during
a month if you have already included them in the amount collected and
stored during that month or a previous month.
(iii) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the
waste materials specified in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iv) You must document the methodology you use to determine the
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(h). To the extent that waste
manifests include this, they may be used as part of the documentation
of the amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in
them.
(f) Calculate the total mass of coating solids used. Determine the
total mass of coating solids used, lb, which is the combined mass of
coating solids for all coatings used during each month using Equation 2
of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.006
Where:
Mst = total mass of coating solids used during the month,
lb.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
gallons.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, lbs per gallon coating,
determined according to 63.4551(c).
Ms,i = mass fraction of coating solids for coating, i, lbs
solids per lb coating, determined according to Sec. 63.4541(b).
m = number of coatings used during the month.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating
solids used, using Equation 3 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.007
Where:
Hyr = average organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating
solids used.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions from all materials
used during month, y, lb, as calculated by Equation 1 of this section.
Mst = total mass of coating solids used during month, y, lb,
as calculated by Equation 2 of this section.
y = identifier for months.
(h) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial 12-month compliance period must be less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490. You must keep all records
as required by Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4510, you must
identify the coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
without add-on controls option and submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, determined according to the procedures in this section.
Sec. 63.4552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, determined according to Sec.
63.4551(a) through (g), must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490. A compliance period consists of 12
months. Each month after the end of the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4550 is the end of a compliance period consisting
of that month and the preceding 11 months. You must perform the
calculations in Sec. 63.4551(a) through (g) on a monthly basis using
data from the previous 12 months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, this is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period and
must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and
63.4520(a)(6).
[[Page 72310]]
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate without add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, you must submit a statement
that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the
emission limitations during the reporting period because the organic
HAP emission rate for each compliance period was less than or equal to
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, determined according to
Sec. 63.4551(a) through (g).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564,
63.4565, and 63.4566 and establish the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.4492 no later than 180 days after the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. For a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec.
63.4561(j), you must initiate the first material balance no later than
the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.4561. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
mass of coatings solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566;
results of liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec.
63.4561(j); calculations according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490; the operating limits established
during the performance tests and the results of the continuous
parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4568; and documentation of
whether you developed and implemented the work practice plan required
by Sec. 63.4493.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by Sec.
63.4492 until after you have completed the performance tests specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission capture system,
add-on control device, and continuous parameter monitors during the
period between the compliance date and the performance test. You must
begin complying with the operating limits for your affected source on
the date you complete the performance tests specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section. The requirements in this paragraph do not apply
to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid
material balances according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4561(j).
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566 and establish the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.4492 no later than the compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4483. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4561(j),
you must initiate the first material balance no later than the
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4483.
(3) You must complete the compliance demonstration for the initial
compliance period according to the requirements of Sec. 63.4561. The
initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of the 12th month
following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs on any day
other than the first day of a month, then the initial compliance period
extends through the end of that month plus the next 12 months. You must
determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and mass of coatings solids
used each month and then calculate a 12-month organic HAP emission rate
at the end of the initial 12-month compliance period. The initial
compliance demonstration includes the results of emission capture
system and add-on control device performance tests conducted according
to Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566; results of liquid-liquid
material balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4561(j); calculations
according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490;
the operating limits established during the performance tests and the
results of the continuous parameter monitoring required by Sec.
63.4568; and documentation of whether you developed and implemented the
work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4493.
Sec. 63.4561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
(a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the
affected source, or for all of the coating operations in the affected
source. You may include both controlled and uncontrolled coating
operations in a group for which you use this option. You must use
either the compliant material option or the emission rate without add-
on controls option for any coating operation in the affected source for
which you do not use the emission rate with add-on controls option. To
demonstrate initial compliance, the coating operation(s) for which you
use the emission rate with add-on controls option must meet the
applicable emission limitations in Sec. Sec. 63.4490,
[[Page 72311]]
63.4492, and 63.4493. You must conduct a separate initial compliance
demonstration for each general use coating, TPO coating, headlamp
coating and assembled on-road vehicle coating affected source. You must
meet all the requirements of this section. When calculating the organic
HAP emission rate according to this section, do not include any
coatings, thinners and other additives, or cleaning materials used on
coating operations for which you use the compliant material option or
the emission rate without add-on controls option or coating operations
in a different affected source in a different subcategory. You do not
need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners and
other additives, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed onsite
and reused in the coatings operation(s) for which you use the emission
rate with add-on controls option.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in Sec.
63.4560(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to the requirements
of paragraph (j) of this section, you must establish and demonstrate
continuous compliance during the initial compliance period with the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4492, using the procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4567 and 63.4568.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 during the initial compliance period, as
specified in Sec. 63.4530.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (e) through (n) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 for each affected
source in each subcategory.
(e) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, density, volume
used, and mass fraction of coating solids. Follow the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.4551(a) through (d) to determine the mass
fraction of organic HAP, density, and volume of each coating, thinner
or other additive, and cleaning material used during each month; and
the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating used during each
month.
(f) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551, calculate the total mass
of organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coatings,
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials used during each
month in the coating operation or group of coating operations for which
you use the emission rate with add-on controls option.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation. Determine the mass of organic HAP
emissions reduced for each controlled coating operation during each
month. The emission reduction determination quantifies the total
organic HAP emissions that pass through the emission capture system and
are destroyed or removed by the add-on control device. Use the
procedures in paragraph (h) of this section to calculate the mass of
organic HAP emission reduction for each controlled coating operation
using an emission capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances. For each controlled coating operation using a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance,
use the procedures in paragraph (j) of this section to calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction.
(h) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation not using liquid-liquid material balance.
For each controlled coating operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction, using Equation 1 of this section. The
calculation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials that are
used in the coating operation served by the emission capture system and
add-on control device during each month. For any period of time a
deviation specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) or (d) occurs in the controlled
coating operation, including a deviation during a period of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, then you must assume zero efficiency for the
emission capture system and add-on control device. Equation 1 of this
section treats the materials used during such a deviation as if they
were used on an uncontrolled coating operation for the time period of
the deviation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.008
Where:
HC = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
controlled coating operation during the month, lb.
AC = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, lb, as calculated in
Equation 1A of this section.
BC = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the controlled coating operation during the month,
lb, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
CC = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, lb, as
calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
HUNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners
and other additives, and cleaning materials used during all deviations
specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in
the controlled coating operation, lb, as calculated in Equation 1D of
this section.
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565 to measure and record
capture efficiency.
DRE = organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4566 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.
(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, lb, using Equation 1A of this section:
[[Page 72312]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.009
Where:
AC = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, lb.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during
the month, gallons.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, lb per gallon.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating,
i, lb per lb.
m = number of different coatings used.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the controlled coating operation, lb using Equation
1B of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.010
Where:
BC = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the controlled coating operation during the month,
lb.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner or other
additive, j, used during the month, gallons.
Dt,j = density of thinner or other additive, j,
lb per gallon.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner or
other additive, j, lb per lb.
n = number of different thinners and other additives used.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, lb, using
Equation 1C of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.011
Where:
CC = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, lb.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k,
used during the month, gallons.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, lb per
gallon.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning
material, k, lb per lb.
p = number of different cleaning materials used.
(4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners and
other additives, and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating
operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d),
using Equation 1D of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.012
Where:
HUNC = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners
and other additives, and cleaning materials used during all deviations
specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in
the controlled coating operation, lb.
Volh = total volume of coating, thinner or other additive,
or cleaning material, h, used in the controlled coating operation
during deviations, gallons.
Dh = density of coating, thinner or other additive, or
cleaning material, h, lb per gallon.
Wh = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, thinner or
other additive, or cleaning material, h, lb organic HAP per lb coating.
q = number of different coatings, thinners and other additives, and
cleaning materials used.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction by applying the volatile organic matter
collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained
in the coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials
that are used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during each month. Perform a liquid-liquid material
balance for each month as specified in paragraphs (j)(1) through (6) of
this section. Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction by
the solvent recovery system as specified in paragraph (j)(7) of this
section.
(1) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system each month. The device must be
initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within +/-
2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic matter recovered.
(2) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the month, based on measurement
with the device required in paragraph (j)(1) of this section.
(3) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for each
coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used in the
coating operation
[[Page 72313]]
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, lb volatile
organic matter per lb coating. You may determine the volatile organic
matter mass fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an EPA approved alternative method, or you may use information provided
by the manufacturer or supplier of the coating. In the event of any
inconsistency between information provided by the manufacturer or
supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an approved alternative method, the test method results will govern.
(4) Determine the density of each coating, thinner or other
additive, and cleaning material used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, lb per
gallon, according to Sec. 63.4551(c).
(5) Measure the volume of each coating, thinner or other additive,
and cleaning material used in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the month, gallons.
(6) Each month, calculate the solvent recovery system's volatile
organic matter collection and recovery efficiency, using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.013
Where:
RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the month, percent.
MVR = mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the month, lb.
Voli = volume of coating, i, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, gallons.
Di = density of coating, i, lb per gallon.
WVc,i = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
coating, i, lb volatile organic matter per lb coating.
Volj = volume of thinner or other additive, j, used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, gallons.
Dj = density of thinner or other additive, j, lb per gallon.
WVt,j = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for thinner
or other additive, j, lb volatile organic matter per lb thinner or
other additive.
Volk = volume of cleaning material, k, used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month,
gallons.
Dk = density of cleaning material, k, lb per gallon.
WVs,k = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
cleaning material, k, lb volatile organic matter per lb cleaning
material.
m = number of different coatings used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
n = number of different thinners and other additives used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month.
p = number of different cleaning materials used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
(7) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, using Equation 3 of this section and according to paragraphs
(j)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.014
Where:
HCSR = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance during the month, lb.
ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, lb,
calculated using Equation 3A of this section.
BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system, lb, calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
CCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, lb, calculated using Equation 3C of this section.
RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of
this section.
(i) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, lb, using
Equation 3A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.015
Where:
ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, lb.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
gallons.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, lb per gallon.
[[Page 72314]]
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, lb
organic HAP per lb coating.
m = number of different coatings used.
(ii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system, lb, using Equation 3B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.016
Where:
BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other
additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during the month, lb.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner or other additive, j, used
during the month in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system, gallons.
Dt,j = density of thinner or other additive, j, lb per
gallon.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner or other
additive, j, lb organic HAP per lb thinner or other additive.
n = number of different thinners and other additives used.
(iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, lb, using Equation 3C of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.017
Where:
CCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, lb.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, gallons.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, lb per gallon.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
lb organic HAP per lb cleaning material.
p = number of different cleaning materials used.
(k) Calculate the total mass of coating solids used. Determine the
total mass of coating solids used, pounds, which is the combined mass
of coating solids for all the coatings used during each month in the
coating operation or group of coating operations for which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, using Equation 2 of Sec.
63.4551.
(l) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions for each month.
Determine the mass of organic HAP emissions, lb, during each month,
using Equation 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.018
Where:
HHAP = total mass of organic HAP emissions for the month,
lb.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coatings, thinners and other additives, and
cleaning materials used during the month, lb, determined according to
paragraph (f) of this section.
HC,i = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
controlled coating operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid material
balance, during the month, lb, from Equation 1 of this section.
HCSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
coating operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance, during the month, lb, from Equation 3
of this section.
q = Number of controlled coating operations not using a liquid-liquid
material balance.
r = Number of coating operations controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance.
(m) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-
month compliance period, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used, using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.019
Where:
Hannual = organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period, kg of organic HAP emitted per kg coating solids used
(lb organic HAP emitted per lb coating solids used).
HHAP,y = organic HAP emission rate for month, y, determined
according to Equation 4 of this section.
Mst,y = total mass of coating solids used during month, y,
lb, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551.
y = identifier for months.
(n) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the emission limit, calculated using Equation 5 of this section,
must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit for each
subcategory in Sec. 63.4490. You must keep all records as required by
Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the Notification of
Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4510, you must identify the
coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate with add-on
controls option and submit a statement that the coating operation(s)
was (were) in compliance with the emission
[[Page 72315]]
limitations during the initial compliance period because the organic
HAP emission rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Sec. 63.4490, and you achieved the operating limits required
by Sec. 63.4492 and the work practice standards required by Sec.
63.4493.
Sec. 63.4562 [Reserved.]
Sec. 63.4563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, the organic HAP emission rate for each
compliance period, determined according to the procedures in Sec.
63.4561, must be equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4490 for that subcategory. A compliance period consists of 12
months. Each month after the end of the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4560 is the end of a compliance period consisting
of that month and the preceding 11 months. You must perform the
calculations in Sec. 63.4561 on a monthly basis using data from the
previous 12 months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, this is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period and
must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(b)(6) and
63.4520(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.4492 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 1 of this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 1 of this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(b)(6)
and 63.4520(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 1 of this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation. For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. Sec.
63.4561(h), you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a
controlled coating operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in
Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4561.
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in Sec.
63.4568(b) for controlled coating operations for which you do not
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line is opened
and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating operation
is running, this is a deviation that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.4510(b)(6) and 63.4520(a)(7). For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. Sec.
63.4561(h), you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a
controlled coating operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in
Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4561.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4493. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep
the records required by Sec. 63.4530(k)(8), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and 63.4520(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement that you
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting
period because the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period
was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec.
63.4492 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4493
during each compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan
required by Sec. 63.4500(c).
(h) Consistent with Sec. Sec. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations
that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency are not
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that
you were operating in accordance with the startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine whether deviations
that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in Sec.
63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Sec. 63.4564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec.
63.4560 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section, unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operation operating conditions. You must
conduct the performance test under representative operating conditions
for the coating operation. Operations during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction and during periods of nonoperation do not
constitute representative conditions. You must record the process
information that is necessary to document operating conditions during
the test and explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4565. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4566.
Sec. 63.4565 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.4560.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met:
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation are applied within the capture
system; coating
[[Page 72316]]
solvent flash-off, curing, and drying occurs within the capture system;
and the removal or evaporation of cleaning materials from the surfaces
they are applied to occurs within the capture system. For example, this
criterion is not met if parts enter the open shop environment when
being moved between a spray booth and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, whichever is
longer, up to 8 hours. For the purposes of this test, a production run
means the time required for a single part to go from the beginning to
the end of the production, which includes surface preparation
activities and drying and curing time.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating
operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the emission
capture system. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure
and the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to
measure emission capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-
uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners and other
additives, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coatings and materials subsequently occur,
such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The areas of the coating
operation where capture devices collect emissions for routing to an
add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit areas of an oven
or spray booth, must also be inside the enclosure. The enclosure must
meet the applicable definition of a temporary total enclosure or
building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating,
thinner and other additive, and cleaning material used in the coating
operation during each capture efficiency test run. To make the
determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term volatile
organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coatings, thinners and other additives,
and cleaning materials used in the coating operation during each
capture efficiency test run:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.020
Where:
TVHused = Mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, lb.
TVHi = mass fraction of TVH in coating, thinner or other
additive, or cleaning material, i, that is used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, lb TVH per lb
material.
Voli = total volume of coating, thinner or other additive,
or cleaning material, i, used in the coating operation during the
capture efficiency test run, gallons.
Di = density of coating, thinner or other additive, or
cleaning material, i, lb material per gallon material.
n = number of different coatings, thinners and other additives, and
cleaning materials used in the coating operation during the capture
efficiency test run.
(4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, lb, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating operation for which capture efficiency is being determined,
must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.021
Where:
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHused = total mass of TVH liquid input used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, lb.
TVHuncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
lb.
(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
[[Page 72317]]
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners and other
additives, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coatings and materials subsequently occur,
such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The areas of the coating
operation where capture devices collect emissions generated by the
coating operation for routing to an add-on control device, such as the
entrance and exit areas of an oven or a spray booth, must also be
inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the applicable definition
of a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, lb, of TVH emissions captured by the emission
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement,
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C measurement
must be upstream from the add-on control device and must represent
total emissions routed from the capture system and entering the add-on
control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in
each duct and the total emissions entering the add-on control device
must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, lb, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating operation for which capture efficiency is being determined,
must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.022
Where:
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHcaptured = total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, lb.
TVHuncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
lb.
(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, you
may determine capture efficiency using any other capture efficiency
protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO
or LCL approach as described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.
Sec. 63.4566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.4560.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight.
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, to determine
stack gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60.
(1) Use Method 25 if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be more
than 50 parts per million (ppm) at the control device outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be 50
ppm or less at the control device outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet to the
atmosphere of each device. For example, if one add-on control device is
a concentrator with an outlet to the atmosphere for the high-volume,
dilute stream that has been treated by the concentrator, and a second
add-on control device is an oxidizer with an outlet to the atmosphere
for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated with the
oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the oxidizer and
the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions:
Mf = Qsd Cc (12) (0.0416)
(10-6) (Eq. 1)
[[Page 72318]]
Where:
Mf = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/per
hour (h).
Cc = concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, parts per million
by volume (ppmv), dry basis.
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mol/m3) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury
(mmHg))
.(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency, using Equation 2 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04DE02.024
Where:
DRE = organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
Mfi = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
Mfo = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.
Sec. 63.4567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-
on control device operating limits during the performance test?
During the performance test required by Sec. 63.4560 and described
in Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566, you must establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4492 according to this section,
unless you have received approval for alternative monitoring and
operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.4492.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. This average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary,
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations and conduct a new performance test to
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.4566.
(c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrator. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to
[[Page 72319]]
paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture system. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.4565(a), establish an
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 1 of this subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by Sec.
63.4560 and described in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565, you must
monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure for each separate capture device in your emission
capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each of the three
test runs at a point in the duct between the capture device and the
add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device.
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.
Sec. 63.4568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating operation is operating, except during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control
activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and required
zero and span adjustments).
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out-of-control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on
control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure monitoring. Ensure that any bypass line valve
is in the closed (nondiverting) position through monitoring of valve
position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating operation is stopped when flow is diverted by the
bypass line away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere when
the coating operation is running. You must inspect the automatic
shutdown system at least once every month to verify that it will detect
diversions of flow and shut down the coating operation.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.4520.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those used with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to
treat desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install gas temperature monitors both
upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitors
must be in the gas stream immediately before and after the
[[Page 72320]]
catalyst bed to measure the temperature difference across the bed.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and cooling cycle,
and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1) and (2) of
this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit,
whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrator. If you are using a concentrator, such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of
this section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure
range.
(iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and
transducer calibration monthly.
(vi) Conduct calibration checks anytime the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect all components for integrity, all
electrical connections for continuity, and all mechanical connections
for leakage.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each
opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
Other Requirements and Information
Sec. 63.4580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S.
EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal
agency. If the Administrator has delegated authority to your State,
local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as well as the EPA) has the
authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact
your EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement
of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are
retained by the Administrator and are not transferred to the State,
local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section:
(1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.4493 under Sec. 63.6(g).
[[Page 72321]]
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under Sec.
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
Sec. 63.4581 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 40
CFR 63.2, the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as
follows:
Additive means a material that is added to a coating after purchase
from a supplier (e.g., catalysts, activators, accelerators).
Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
Adhesive, adhesive coating means any chemical substance that is
applied for the purpose of bonding two surfaces together.
Assembled on-road vehicle coating means any coating operation in
which coating is applied to the surface of some plastic component or
plastic surface of a fully assembled motor vehicle or trailer intended
for on-road use, including, but not limited to, plastic components or
surfaces on: automobiles and light trucks that have been repaired after
a collision or otherwise repainted, fleet delivery trucks, and motor
homes and other recreational vehicles (including camping trailers and
fifth wheels). Assembled on-road vehicle coating does not include the
surface coating of plastic parts prior to their attachment to an on-
road vehicle on an original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) assembly
line. Assembled on-road vehicle coating also does not include the use
of adhesives, sealants, and caulks used in assembling on-road vehicles.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency or capture system efficiency means the portion
(expressed as a percentage) of the pollutants from an emission source
that is delivered to an add-on control device.
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating operation in the use of
coatings or cleaning materials, both at the point of application and at
subsequent points where emissions from the coatings and cleaning
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a
coating operation are considered a single capture system.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other materials, such as dirt, grease, oil, and dried or wet coating
(e.g., depainting), from a substrate before or after coating
application or from equipment associated with a coating operation, such
as spray booths, spray guns, racks, tanks, and hangers. Thus, it
includes any cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means a material applied to a substrate for decorative,
protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, paints, sealants, liquid plastic coatings, caulks, inks,
adhesives, and maskants. Decorative, protective, or functional
materials that consist only of protective oils for metal, acids, bases,
or any combination of these substances are not considered coatings for
the purposes of this subpart.
Coating operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials
to a substrate to prepare it for coating application (surface
preparation) or to remove dried coating; to apply coating to a
substrate (coating application) and to dry or cure the coating after
application; or to clean coating operation equipment (equipment
cleaning). A single coating operation may include any combination of
these types of equipment, but always includes at least the point at
which a coating or cleaning material is applied and all subsequent
points in the affected source where organic HAP emissions from that
coating or cleaning material occur. There may be multiple coating
operations in an affected source. Coating application with handheld,
nonrefillable aerosol containers, touch-up markers, or marking pens is
not a coating operation for the purposes of this subpart.
Coatings solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating that
makes up the dry film.
Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total
equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and
availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition
(if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating operation, or
capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating operation means a coating operation from which
some or all of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart including, but not limited to, any emission limit or operating
limit, or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limit, or operating limit, or work
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or
malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by
this subpart.
Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice standard.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Facility maintenance means the routine repair or renovation
(including the surface coating) of the tools, equipment, machinery, and
structures that comprise the infrastructure of the affected facility
and that are necessary for the facility to function in its intended
capacity.
General-use coating means any coating operation that is not a
headlamp, TPO, or assembled on-road vehicle coating operation.
Headlamp coating means any coating operation in which coating is
applied to the surface of some component of the body of an automotive
headlamp, including the application of reflective argent coatings and
clear topcoats. Headlamp coating does not include any coating operation
performed on an assembled on-road vehicle.
Hobby shop means any surface coating operation, located at an
affected source, that is used exclusively for personal, noncommercial
purposes by the affected source's employees or assigned personnel.
Liquid plastic coating means a coating made from fine, particle-
size polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in solution (also referred to as
plastisol).
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
[[Page 72322]]
coating) that are supplied by the material manufacturer based on
knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture that material, rather
than based on testing of the material with the test methods specified
in Sec. 63.4541. Manufacturer's formulation data may include, but are
not limited to, information on density, organic HAP content, volatile
organic matter content, and coating solids content.
Mass fraction of coating solids means the ratio of the mass of
solids (also known as the mass of nonvolatiles) to the mass of a
coating in which it is contained; lb of coating solids per lb of
coating.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as lb
of organic HAP per lb of material.
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of
coating solids for a coating calculated using Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4541. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating in the
condition it is in when received from its manufacturer or supplier and
does not account for any alteration after receipt.
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51 for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Personal Watercraft means a vessel (boat) which uses an inboard
motor powering a water jet pump as its primary source of motive power
and which is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting,
standing, or kneeling on the vessel, rather than in the conventional
manner of sitting or standing inside the vessel.
Plastic part and product means any piece or combination of pieces
of which at least one has been formed from one or more resins. Such
pieces may be solid, porous, flexible or rigid.
Protective oil means an organic material that is applied to metal
for the purpose of providing lubrication or protection from corrosion
without forming a solid film. This definition of protective oil
includes, but is not limited to, lubricating oils, evaporative oils
(including those that evaporate completely), and extrusion oils.
Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products,
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained
personnel, and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online
in a facility.
Surface preparation means use of a cleaning material on a portion
of or all of a substrate. This includes use of a cleaning material to
remove dried coating, which is sometimes called ``depainting.''
Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
Thermoplastic olefin (TPO) coating means any coating operation in
which the coatings are components of a system of coatings applied to a
TPO substrate, including adhesion promoters, primers, color coatings,
clear coatings and topcoats. Thermoplastic olefin coating does not
include the coating of TPO substrates on assembled on-road vehicles.
Thinner means an organic solvent that is added to a coating after
the coating is received from the supplier.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic matter determined according to Methods 204
and 204A through 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting
the term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The
TVH includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Uncontrolled coating operation means a coating operation from which
none of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating operation and
is collected, stored, or treated prior to being discarded or
discharged.
If you are required to comply with operating limits by Sec.
63.4491(c), you must comply with the applicable operating limits in the
following table:
Table 1.--To Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using the
Emission Rate with Add-On Controls Option
------------------------------------------------------------------------
and you must
demonstrate
you must meet the continuous
For the following device following operating compliance with the
limit . . . operating limit by .
. .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. thermal oxidizer......... a. the average i. collecting the
combustion combustion
temperature in any temperature data
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not fall below the 63.4568(c); ii.
combustion reducing the data
temperature limit to 3-hour block
established averages; and iii.
according to Sec. maintaining the 3-
63.4567(a). hour average
combustion
temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
2. catalytic oxidizer....... a. the average i. collecting the
temperature temperature data
measured just according to Sec.
before the catalyst 63.4568(c); ii.
bed in any 3-hour reducing the data
period must not to 3-hour block
fall below the averages; and iii.
limit established maintaining the 3-
according to Sec. hour average
63.4567(b); and temperature before
either. the catalyst bed at
or above the
temperature limit.
b. ensure that the i. collecting the
average temperature temperature data
difference across according to Sec.
the catalyst bed in 63.4568(c),
any 3-hour period reducing the data
does not fall below to 3-hour block
the temperature averages, and
difference limit maintaining the 3-
established hour average
according to Sec. temperature
63.4567(b)(2); or difference at or
above the
temperature
difference limit;
or
[[Page 72323]]
c. develop and i. maintaining an up-
implement an to-date inspection
inspection and and maintenance
maintenance plan plan, records of
according to Sec. annual catalyst
63.4567(b)(4). activity checks,
records of monthly
inspections of the
oxidizer system,
and records of the
annual internal
inspections of the
catalyst bed. If a
problem is
discovered during a
monthly or annual
inspection required
by Sec.
63.4567(b)(4), you
must take
corrective action
as soon as
practicable
consistent with the
manufacturer's
recommendations.
3. carbon adsorber.......... a. the total i. measuring the
regeneration total regeneration
desorbing gas desorbing gas
(e.g., steam or (e.g., steam or
nitrogen) mass flow nitrogen) mass flow
for each carbon bed for each
regeneration cycle regeneration cycle
must not fall below according to Sec.
the total 63.4568(d); and ii.
regeneration maintaining the
desorbing gas mass total regeneration
flow limit desorbing gas mass
established flow at or above
according to Sec. the mass flow
63.4567(c). limit.
b. the temperature i. measuring the
of the carbon bed, temperature of the
after completing carbon bed after
each regeneration completing each
and any cooling regeneration and
cycle, must not any cooling cycle
exceed the carbon according to Sec.
bed temperature 63.4568(d); and ii.
limit established operating the
according to Sec. carbon beds such
63.4567(c). that each carbon
bed is not returned
to service until
completing each
regeneration and
any cooling cycle
until the recorded
temperature of the
carbon bed is at or
below the
temperature limit.
4. condenser................ a. the average i. collecting the
condenser outlet condenser outlet
(product side) gas (product side) gas
temperature in any temperature
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not exceed the 63.4568(e); ii.
temperature limit reducing the data
established to 3-hour block
according to Sec. averages; and iii.
63.4567(d). maintaining the 3-
hour average gas
temperature at the
outlet at or below
the temperature
limit.
5. concentrators, including a. the average gas i. collecting the
zeolite wheels and rotary temperature of the temperature data
carbon adsorbers. desorption according to
concentrate stream 63.4568(f); ii.
in any 3-hour reducing the data
period must not to 3-hour block
fall below the averages; and iii.
limit established maintaining the 3-
according to Sec. hour average
63.4567(e). temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
b. the average i. collecting the
pressure drop of pressure drop data
the dilute stream according to
across the 63.4568(f); and ii.
concentrator in any reducing the
3-hour period must pressure drop data
not fall below the to 3-hour block
limit established averages; and iii.
according to Sec. maintaining the 3-
63.4567(e). hour average
pressure drop at or
above the pressure
drop limit.
6. emission capture system a. the direction of i. collecting the
that is a PTE according to the air flow at all direction of air
Sec. 63.4565(a). times must be into flow, and either
the enclosure; and the facial velocity
either of air through all
b. the average natural draft
facial velocity of openings according
air through all to Sec.
natural draft 63.4568(g)(1) or
openings in the the pressure drop
enclosure must be across the
at least 200 feet enclosure according
per minute; or. to Sec.
c. the pressure drop 63.4568(g)(2); and
across the ii. maintaining the
enclosure must be facial velocity of
at least 0.007 inch air flow through
H2O, as established all natural draft
in Method 204 of or the pressure
appendix M to 40 drop openings at or
CFR part 51. above the facial
velocity limit or
pressure drop
limit, and
maintaining the
direction of air
flow into the
enclosure at all
times.
7. emission capture system a. the average gas i. collecting the
that is not a PTE according volumetric flow gas volumetric flow
to Sec. 63.4565(a). rate or duct static rate or duct static
pressure in each pressure for each
duct between a capture device
capture device and according to Sec.
add-on control 63.4568(g); ii.
device inlet in any reducing the data
3-hour period must to 3-hour block
not fall below the averages; and iii.
average volumetric maintaining the 3-
flow rate or duct hour average gas
static pressure volumetric flow
limit established rate or duct static
for that capture pressure for each
device according to capture device at
Sec. 63.4567(f). or above the gas
volumetric flow
rate or duct static
pressure limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:
[[Page 72324]]
Table 2 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63.-- Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable to subpart
Citation Subject PPPP Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(14).............. General Applicability... Yes....................
Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3)............... Initial Applicability Yes.................... Applicability to
Determination. subpart PPPP is also
specified in Sec.
63.4481.
Sec. 63.1(c)(1)................... Applicability After Yes....................
Standard Established.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2)-(3)............... Applicability of Permit No..................... Area sources are not
Program for Area subject to subpart
Sources. PPPP.
Sec. 63.1(c)(4)-(5)............... Extensions and Yes....................
Notifications.
Sec. 63.1(e)...................... Applicability of Permit Yes....................
Program Before Relevant
Standard is Set.
Sec. 63.2......................... Definitions............. Yes.................... Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.4581.
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c).................. Units and Abbreviations. Yes....................
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5)............... Prohibited Activities... Yes....................
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c).................. Circumvention/ Yes....................
Severability.
Sec. 63.5(a)...................... Construction/ Yes....................
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6)............... Requirements for Yes....................
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
Sec. 63.5(d)...................... Application for Approval Yes....................
of Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(e)...................... Approval of Construction/ Yes....................
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(f)...................... Approval of Construction/ Yes....................
Reconstruction Based on
Prior State Review.
Sec. 63.6(a)...................... Compliance With Yes....................
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--Applicabi
lity.
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7)............... Compliance Dates for New Yes.................... Sec. 63.4483
and Reconstructed specifies the
Sources. compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5)............... Compliance Dates for Yes.................... Sec. 63.4483
Existing Sources. specifies the
compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2)............... Operation and Yes....................
Maintenance.
Sec. 63.6(e)(3)................... Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.................... Only sources using an
Malfunction Plan. add-on control device
to comply with the
standard must complete
startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plans.
Sec. 63.6(f)(1)................... Compliance Except During Yes.................... Applies only to sources
Startup, Shutdown, and using an add-on
Malfunction. control device to
comply with the
standard.
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3)............... Methods for Determining Yes....................
Compliance.
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3)............... Use of an Alternative Yes....................
Standard.
Sec. 63.6(h)...................... Compliance With Opacity/ No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
Visible Emission establish opacity
Standards. standards and does not
require continuous
opacity monitoring
systems (COMS).
Sec. 63.6(i)(1)-(16).............. Extension of Compliance. Yes....................
Sec. 63.6(j)...................... Presidential Compliance Yes....................
Exemption.
Sec. 63.7(a)(1)................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all affected
Requirements--Applicabi sources. Additional
lity. requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.4564,
63.4565, and 63.4566.
Sec. 63.7(a)(2)................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Section 63.4560
specifies the schedule
for performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
Sec. 63.7(a)(3)................... Performance Tests Yes....................
Required By the
Administrator.
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e).................. Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Notificat performance tests for
ion, Quality Assurance, capture system and add-
Facilities Necessary on control device
for Safe Testing, efficiency at sources
Conditions During Test. using these to comply
with the standard.
Sec. 63.7(f)...................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all test
Requirements--Use of methods except those
Alternative Test Method. used to determine
capture system
efficiency.
[[Page 72325]]
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h).................. Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and add-
Recordkeeping, on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standard.
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3)............... Monitoring Requirements-- Yes.................... Applies only to
Applicability. monitoring of capture
system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
63.4568.
Sec. 63.8(a)(4)................... Additional Monitoring No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
Sec. 63.8(b)...................... Conduct of Monitoring... Yes....................
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)-(3)............... Continuous Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
Sysem (CMS) Operation monitoring of capture
and Maintenance. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
63.4568.
Sec. 63.8(c)(4)................... CMS..................... No..................... Sec. 63.4568
specifies the
requirements for the
operation of CMS for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(5)................... COMS.................... No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6)................... CMS Requirements........ No..................... Sec. 63.4568
specifies the
requirements for
monitoring systems for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(7)................... CMS Out-of-Control Yes....................
Periods.
Sec. 63.8(c)(8)................... CMS Out-of-Control No..................... Sec. 63.4520 requires
Periods and Reporting. reporting of CMS out
of control periods.
Sec. 63.8(d)-(e).................. Quality Control Program No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
and CMS Performance require the use of
Evaluation. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5)............... Use of an Alternative Yes....................
Monitoring Method.
Sec. 63.8(f)(6)................... Alternative to Relative No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
Accuracy Test. require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5)............... Data Reduction.......... No..................... Sec. Sec. 63.4567
and 63.4568 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d).................. Notification Yes....................
Requirements.
Sec. 63.9(e)...................... Notification of Yes.................... Applies only to capture
Performance Test. system and add-on
control device
performance tests at
sources using these to
comply with the
standard.
Sec. 63.9(f)...................... Notification of Visible No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
Emissions/Opacity Test. have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3)............... Additional Notifications No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
When Using CMS. require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.9(h)...................... Notification of Yes.................... Sec. 63.4510
Compliance Status. specifies the dates
for submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
Sec. 63.9(i)...................... Adjustment of Submittal Yes....................
Deadlines.
Sec. 63.9(j)...................... Change in Previous Yes....................
Information.
Sec. 63.10(a)..................... Recordkeeping/Reporting-- Yes....................
Applicability and
General Information.
Sec. 63.10(b)(1).................. General Recordkeeping Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.4530 and
63.4531.
[[Page 72326]]
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v)........... Recordkeeping Relevant Yes.................... Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, Startup, Shutdown, and
and Malfunction Periods Malfunction records
and CMS. only apply to add-on
control devices used
to comply with the
standard.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi)......... ........................ Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii)............. Records................. Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii)............ ........................ No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv)............. ........................ Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(b)(3).................. Recordkeeping Yes....................
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.
Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6).............. Additional Recordkeeping Yes....................
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8).............. ........................ No..................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.4520(a)(7).
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15)............. ........................ Yes....................
Sec. 63.10(d)(1).................. General Reporting Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
63.4520.
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).................. Report of Performance Yes.................... Additional requirements
Test Results. are specified in Sec.
63.4520(b).
Sec. 63.10(d)(3).................. Reporting Opacity or No..................... Subpart PPPP or does
Visible Emissions not require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
Sec. 63.10(d)(4).................. Progress Reports for Yes....................
Sources With Compliance
Extensions.
Sec. 63.10(d)(5).................. Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.................... Applies only to add-on
Malfunction Reports. control devices at
sources using these to
comply withthe
standard.
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2).............. Additional CMS Reports.. No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(e)(3).................. Excess Emissinos/CMS No..................... Sec. 63.4520(b)
Performance Reports. specifies the contents
of periodic compliance
reports.
Sec. 63.10(e)(4).................. COMS Data Reports....... No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
Sec. 63.10(f)..................... Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes....................
Waiver.
Sec. 63.11........................ Control Device No..................... Subpart PPPP does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
Sec. 63.12........................ State Authority and Yes....................
Delegations.
Sec. 63.13........................ Addresses............... Yes....................
Sec. 63.14........................ Incorporation by Yes....................
Reference.
Sec. 63.15........................ Availability of Yes....................
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data.
Table 3 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
organic HAP Typical organic HAP, percent by
Solvent/solvent blend CAS No. mass mass
fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene................................... 108-88-3 1.0 Toluene
2. Xylene(s)................................. 1330-20-7 1.0 Xylenes, ethylbenzene
3. Hexane.................................... 110-54-3 0.5 n-hexane
4. n-Hexane.................................. 110-54-3 1.0 n-hexane
5. Ethylbenzene.............................. 100-41-4 1.0 Ethylbenzene
6. Aliphatic 140............................. ................. 0 None
7. Aromatic 100.............................. ................. 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene
8. Aromatic 150.............................. ................. 0.09 Naphthalene
9. Aromatic naphtha.......................... 64742-95-6 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene
10. Aromatic solvent......................... 64742-94-5 0.1 Naphthalene
11. Exempt mineral spirits................... 8032-32-4 0 None
[[Page 72327]]
12. Ligroines (VM & P)....................... 8032-32-4 0 None
13. Lactol spirits........................... 64742-89-6 0.15 Toluene
14. Low aromatic white spirit................ 64742-82-1 0 None
15. Mineral spirits.......................... 64742-88-7 0.01 Xylenes
16. Hydrotreated naphtha..................... 64742-48-9 0 None
17. Hydrotreated light distillate............ 64742-47-8 0.001 Toluene
18. Stoddard solvent......................... 8052-41-3 0.01 Xylenes
19. Super high-flash naphtha................. 64742-95-6 0.05 Xylenes
20. Varsol[reg] solvent...................... 8052-49-3 0.01 0.5% xylenes, 0.5% ethylbenzene
21. VM & P naphtha........................... 64742-89-8 0.06 3% toluene, 3% xylene
22. Petroleum distillate mixture............. 68477-31-6 0.08 4% naphthalene, 4% biphenyl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:
Table 4 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
for Petroleum Solvent Groups a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average organic Typical organic HAP
Solvent type HAP mass fraction percent by mass
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic \b\................... 0.03 1% Xylene, 1%
Toluene, and 1%
Ethylbenzene
Aromatic \c\.................... 0.06 4% Xylene, 1%
Toluene, and 1%
Ethylbenzene
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the
solvent blends in Table 3 to this subpart and you only know whether
the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
\b\ Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol
Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent
Naphtha, Solvent Blend.
\c\ Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light
Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Light Aromatic Solvent.
[FR Doc. 02-29073 Filed 12-3-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P