[Federal Register Volume 67, Number 120 (Friday, June 21, 2002)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42400-42447]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 02-14034]
[[Page 42399]]
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Part IV
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Part 63
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Wood Building Products; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 120 / Friday, June 21, 2002 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 42400]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[FRL-7223-7]
RIN 2060-AH02
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Wood Building Products
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for wood building products surface coating
operations. The EPA estimates that there are approximately 205 major
source facilities in the wood building products (surface coating)
source category that emit hazardous air pollutants (HAP), such as
xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE),
other glycol ethers, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK), methanol, styrene, and formaldehyde. As proposed, the standards
are estimated to reduce HAP emissions by 3,200 megagrams per year (Mg/
yr) (3,500 tons per year (tpy)) or by 61 percent. The reduction in HAP
emissions would be achieved by requiring all major source facilities
that apply a surface coating to a wood building product to meet the HAP
emission standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable
control technology (MACT).
DATES: Comments. Submit comments on or before August 20, 2002.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a
public hearing, they should do so by July 11, 2002. If requested, a
public hearing will be held within approximately 30 days following
publication of this notice in the Federal Register.
ADDRESSES: Comments. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments (in
duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-97-52, U.S. EPA, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460. In person or by courier,
deliver comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-97-52,
U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Room M-1500, Washington, DC 20460. The EPA
requests a separate copy also be sent to the contact person listed in
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at our
Office of Administration auditorium in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. You should contact Ms. Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer
Product Group, Emission Standards Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919)
541-7946, to request to speak at a public hearing or to find out if a
hearing will be held.
Docket. Docket No. A-97-52 contains supporting information used in
developing the proposed standards. The docket is located at the U.S.
EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 in Room M-1500, Waterside
Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, Coatings and
Consumer Products Group, Emissions Standards Division (C539-03), U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number
(919) 541-2317; facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail (e-
mail) address: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Comments. Comments and data may be submitted
by e-mail to: [email protected]. Electronic comments must be
submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and
encryption problems and will also be accepted on disks in
WordPerfect[supreg] file format. All comments and data submitted in
electronic form must note the docket number: A-97-52. No confidential
business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic
comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for
consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other
comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such
proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to
the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not
inadvertently placed in the docket: Mr. Vinson Hellwig, c/o OAQPS
Document Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park,
NC 27711. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI only to
the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. If no
claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is received
by EPA, the information may be made available to the public without
further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or
inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Ms.
Janet Eck, Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards
Division(C539-03), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone number (919) 541-7946 at least 2 days in advance of the
public hearing. Persons interested in attending the public hearing
should also contact Ms. Eck at least 2 days in advance of the public
hearing to verify the time, date, and location of the hearing. The
public hearing will provide interested parties the opportunity to
present data, views, or arguments concerning the proposed emission
standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the
information considered by the EPA in the development of this
rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because material is added
throughout the rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to
allow members of the public and industries involved to readily identify
and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the
rulemaking process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards
and their preambles, the contents of the docket will serve as the
record in the case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the
Clean Air Act (CAA).) The regulatory text and other materials related
to this rulemaking are available for review in the docket or copies may
be mailed on request from the Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center by calling (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be charged for
copying docket materials.
World Wide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of this proposed rule will also be available on the
WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature
by the Administrator, a copy of the proposed rule will be posted on the
TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules
at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and
technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more
information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at
(919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. The source category, which is divided into the
five subcategories listed in Table 1, includes facilities that apply
coatings to wood building products. In general, facilities that coat
wood building products are covered under the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) and North American Industrial Classification
System (NAICS) codes listed in Table 1.
[[Page 42401]]
However, facilities classified under other SIC or NAICS codes may be
subject to the proposed standards. Not all facilities classified under
the SIC and NAICS codes in Table 1 will be subject to the proposed
standards because some of the classifications cover products outside
the scope of the NESHAP for wood building products.
Table 1.--Subcategories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Proposed Standards
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Examples of regulated
entities include those
Subcategory SIC NAICS facilities that apply a
surface coating to . . .
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1. Doors and Windows............... 2431, 2499 a.......... 321911, 321918, 321999 Doors and windows and any
a. millwork and moulding
associated with doors and
windows.
2. Flooring........................ 2426, 2421, 2499 a.... 321918, 321999 a...... Solid wood flooring,
engineered wood flooring,
laminated flooring, and
any millwork or moulding
associated with flooring.
3. Interior Wall Paneling and 2435, 2499 a.......... 321211, 321999 a...... Interior wall paneling or
Tileboard. tileboard.
4. Other Interior Panels........... 2435, 2436, 2493, 2499 321211, 321212, Panels used for purposes
a. 321219, 321999 a. other than interior wall
paneling, such as
sheathing, insulation
board, pegboard, and
ceiling tiles.
5. Exterior Siding, Doorskins, and 2435, 2493, 2499 a.... 321211, 321219, 321999 Panel siding, trimboard,
Miscellaneous. a. lap siding, trim
associated with siding,
doorskins, and other
miscellaneous wood
products.
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a The subcategory of the SIC code and NAICS code depends on the final end use of the product.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding subcategories and entities likely to be
regulated by this action. To determine whether your coating operation
is regulated by this action, you should examine the applicability
criteria in Sec. 63.4681 of the proposed rule. If you have any
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Background Information Document and Economic Impact Analysis. The
Background Information Document (BID) and the Economic Impact Analysis
(EIA) for the proposed rule may be obtained from the TTNWeb; the wood
building products (surface coating) docket (A-97-52); the EPA Library
(MD-35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone (919)
541-2777; or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285
Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, telephone (703) 487-4650.
Please refer to ``Background Information Document--National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for the Wood Building
Products (Surface Coating) Industry'' (EPA-453/R-00-003) and the
``Industry Profile: Wood Building Products Industry'' (EPA-453/R-01-
002).
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as
follows:
I. Background
A. What is the source of authority for development of NESHAP?
B. What criteria are used in the development of NESHAP?
C. What are the health effects associated with HAP emissions
from surface coating of wood building products?
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What source categories and subcategories are affected by the
proposed rule?
B. What is the relationship to other rules?
C. What are the primary sources of emissions and what are the
emissions?
D. What is the affected source?
E. What are the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards?
F. When must I comply with the proposed rule?
G. What are the testing and initial compliance requirements?
H. What are the continuous compliance provisions?
I. What are the notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How did we select the source category and subcategories?
B. How did we select the regulated pollutants?
C. How did we select the affected source?
D. How did we determine the basis and level of the proposed
standards for new or reconstructed and existing sources?
E. How did we select the format of the proposed standards?
F. How did we select the testing and initial compliance
requirements?
G. How did we select the proposed continuous compliance
requirements?
H. How did we select notification, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements?
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the air impacts?
B. What are the cost impacts?
C. What are the economic impacts?
D. What are the non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts?
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that
significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5
U.S.C., 601, et seq.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The Flatwood
Paneling (Surface Coating) category of major sources was listed on
July, 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576) under the Surface Coating Processes
industry group. The name of the source category was subsequently
changed to Wood Building Products (Surface Coating) on November 18,
1999 (64 FR 63025) to reflect more accurately the types of surface
coating operations currently used in the industry. Major sources of HAP
are those that emit or have the
[[Page 42402]]
potential to emit equal to or greater than 9.1 Mg/yr (10 tpy) of any
one HAP or 22.7 Mg/yr (25 tpy) of any combination of HAP.
B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for the
control of HAP from both new or reconstructed and existing major
sources. The CAA requires the NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of
reduction in emissions of HAP that is achievable. This level of control
is commonly referred to as the MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new or
reconstructed sources, the MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the
emission control that is achieved in practice by the best-controlled
similar source. The MACT standards for existing sources can be less
stringent than standards for new or reconstructed sources, but they
cannot be less stringent than the average emission limit achieved by
the best-performing 12 percent of existing sources in the category or
subcategory (or the best-performing five sources for categories or
subcategories with fewer than 30 sources).
In developing MACT, we also consider control options that are more
stringent than the floor. We may establish standards more stringent
than the floor based on the consideration of the cost of achieving the
emission reductions, any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements.
C. What Are the Health Effects Associated With HAP Emissions From
Surface Coating of Wood Building Products?
The primary HAP emitted from the surface coating of wood building
products include xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, EGBE, and glycol
ethers (not including EGBE). These compounds account for more than 84
percent of the nationwide HAP emissions from this source category.
Other HAP identified in emissions include MEK, MIBK, methanol, styrene,
and formaldehyde. The HAP that would be controlled with the proposed
rule are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. These
adverse health effects include chronic health disorders (e.g.,
irritation of the lungs, eyes, and mucus membranes and effects on the
central nervous system) and acute health disorders (e.g., lung
irritation and congestion, alimentary effects such as nausea and
vomiting, and effects on the central nervous system).
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by the proposed emission standards for this
subcategory and the people living around the facilities that would be
necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population
exposures to the HAP emitted from these facilities and potential for
resultant health effects. Therefore, we do not know the extent to which
the adverse health effects described above occur in the populations
surrounding these facilities. However, to the extent the adverse
effects do occur, the proposed rule would reduce emissions and
subsequent exposures.
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected by the
Proposed Rule?
The proposed rule would apply to you if you own or operate a wood
building products surface coating facility that uses at least 4,170
liters (1,100 gallons (gal)) of coatings per year and is a major
source, is located at a major source, or is part of a major source of
HAP emissions, whether or not you manufacture the wood building product
substrate. The surface coating operations are not required to be major
sources of HAP emissions in order for the surface coating operations at
a major source facility to be covered by the proposed rule. As long as
some part of the total facility causes it to be a major source (e.g.,
the wood substrate manufacturing process), the surface coating
operations would be subject to the proposed standards.
We have defined a wood building products surface coating facility
as any facility engaged in the finishing or laminating of a wood
building product. A wood building product is any product that contains
more than 50 percent by weight wood or wood fiber and is used in the
construction, either interior or exterior, of a residential,
commercial, or institutional building. As explained later, we have
established five subcategories in the wood building products surface
coating source category, including: (1) Doors and windows; (2)
flooring; (3) interior wall paneling and tileboard; (4) other interior
panels; and (5) exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous (see
Table 1 of this preamble).
Facilities that manufacture or apply surface coatings to
prefabricated/premanufactured or mobile/modular homes are not subject
to the proposed NESHAP requirements. These facilities were found to
have very low -or no-HAP emissions because coatings applied to these
homes are typically waterborne (latex) formulations. Based on the data
submitted by 70 of these facilities, no major sources of HAP emissions
were identified in the database (docket A-97-52).
You would not be subject to the proposed rule if your wood building
products surface coating facility is located at an area source. An area
source of HAP is any facility that has the potential to emit HAP but is
not a major source. You may establish area source status by limiting
the source's potential to emit HAP through appropriate mechanisms
available through the permitting authority.
The source category does not include research or laboratory
facilities; janitorial, building, and facility construction or
maintenance operations; or hobby shops that are operated for personal
rather than for commercial purposes. The source category also does not
include coating applications using handheld nonrefillable aerosol
containers.
B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?
Affected sources subject to the proposed rule may also be subject
to other rules. We specifically request comments on how monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements can be consolidated for
sources that are subject to more than one rule.
Some wood building products surface coating facilities also
manufacture the substrate that is subsequently coated. Any process
associated with wood building products substrate manufacturing would be
subject to the future NESHAP for plywood and composite wood products
(future 40 CFR part 63, subpart DDDD).
Some wood building products surface coating facilities manufacture
products that are used in the production of wood furniture or wood
furniture components. These wood building products are subject to the
NESHAP for wood furniture manufacturing operations (40 CFR part 63,
subpart JJ). The surface coating of millwork and trim associated with
cabinet manufacturing is also covered under the wood furniture NESHAP.
[[Page 42403]]
Wood treatment and preservation operations, which were delisted
from the source category list, would not be subject to the wood
building products (surface coating) NESHAP. Wood treatment and
preservation operations include wood treatment or fire retardant
operations located at wood building product facilities that involve
impregnating the wood product with the wood treatment chemicals or fire
retardant by using a retort or other pressure vessel. This includes
operations that are normally not considered coating operations. We
request specific comments on the wood treatment and fire retardant
operations.
C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?
Emissions from coating application and drying/curing account for
most of the HAP emissions from wood building products surface coating
operations. The remaining emissions are primarily from mixing and/or
thinning and cleaning operations. In most cases, HAP emissions from
surface preparation, storage, handling, and waste/wastewater operations
are relatively small.
Available emission data collected during the development of the
proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP emitted from the
surface coating of wood building products includes xylene, toluene,
ethyl benzene, EGBE, and other glycol ethers. These compounds account
for 84 percent of this source category's nationwide organic HAP
emissions. Other significant organic HAP identified include MEK, MIBK,
methanol, styrene, and formaldehyde.
Based on information reported in survey responses during the
development of the proposed NESHAP, inorganic HAP, including chromium,
manganese, and antimony compounds, are components of some coatings used
by this source category. No inorganic HAP were reported in thinners or
cleaning materials. Most of the coating operations do not cause the
coating material to become airborne. Where spraying is performed, most
of the inorganic HAP components remain as solids in the dry coating
film on the parts being coated or are deposited on the walls, floor,
and grates of the spray booths in which they are applied. Some of the
inorganic HAP particles are entrained in the spray booth exhaust air.
Spray booths in the wood building products industry typically have
either water curtains or dry filters to remove overspray particles.
Therefore, inorganic HAP emission levels are expected to be very low
and have not been quantified.
D. What Is the Affected Source?
We define an affected source as a stationary source, a group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The proposed rule defines the affected
source as the collection of all operations associated with the surface
coating of wood building products. These operations include preparation
of a coating for application (e.g., mixing with thinners); surface
preparation of the wood building products; coating application, curing,
and drying equipment; equipment cleaning; and storage, transfer, and
handling of coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste
materials.
E. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Work Practice
Standards?
Emission Limits. We are proposing to limit organic HAP emissions
from each new or reconstructed affected source using the emission
limits in Table 2. The proposed emission limits for each existing
affected source are given in Table 3. These limits are based on five
subcategories that group similar operations and types of coatings. We
request specific comments on the proposed emission limits for both
existing and new or reconstructed sources for these subcategories. You
can choose from several compliance options in the proposed rule to
achieve the emission limits. You could comply by applying materials
(coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials) that meet the emission
limits, either individually or collectively. You could also use a
capture system and add-on control device to meet the emission limits or
comply by using a combination of both approaches.
Some wood building products facilities surface coat more than one
product, and occasionally the products are in different subcategories.
For purposes of the proposed standards, those affected sources coating
multiple products covered by two or more subcategories must maintain
product-or subcategory-specific records in order to demonstrate
compliance with each applicable emission limit for all products coated
at the affected source.
Table 2.--Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
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The organic
HAP emission
limit you must
meet, in
kilograms (kg)
For any affected source applying coating to. . . HAP/liter
solids
applying
(pounds (lb)
HAP/gal
solids), is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Doors and windows.................................... 0.06 (0.48)
2. Flooring............................................. 0.00 (0.00)
3. Interior wall paneling or tileboard.................. 0.00 (0.04)
4. Other interior panels................................ 0.00 (0.00)
5. Exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous........ 0.00 (0.00)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organic
HAP emission
limit you must
meet, in kg
For any affected source applying coating to. . . HAP/liter
solids (lb HAP/
gal solids),
is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Doors and windows.................................... 0.17 (1.45)
2. Flooring............................................. 0.09 (0.78)
3. Interior wall paneling or tileboard.................. 0.18 (1.53)
4. Other interior panels................................ 0.00 (0.01)
5. Exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous........ 0.01 (0.06)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating Limits. If you reduce emissions by using a capture system
and add-on control device (other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance), the proposed
operating limits would apply to you. These limits are site-specific
parameter limits you determine during the initial performance test of
the system. For capture systems that are not permanent total enclosures
(PTE), you would establish average volumetric flow rates or duct static
pressure limits for each capture device (or enclosure) in each capture
system. For capture systems that are PTE, you would establish limits on
average facial velocity or pressure drop across openings in the
enclosure.
For thermal oxidizers, you would monitor the combustion
temperature. For catalytic oxidizers, you would monitor the temperature
immediately before and after the catalyst bed, or you would monitor the
temperature before the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific
inspection and maintenance plan for the catalytic oxidizer. For carbon
adsorbers for which you do not conduct a liquid-liquid material
[[Page 42404]]
balance, you would monitor the carbon bed temperature and the amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed. For condensers, you would
monitor the outlet gas temperature from the condenser. For
concentrators, you would monitor the temperature of the desorption
concentrate stream and the pressure drop of the dilute stream across
the concentrator.
All site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect
operation of the capture system and control devices during a
performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits
during representative operating conditions. We request specific
comments on the proposed operating limits for this source category.
Work Practice Standards. If you use an emission capture system and
control device for compliance, you would be required to develop and
implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions from
mixing operations, storage tanks and other containers, and handling
operations for coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste
materials. The work practice plan must include steps to ensure that, at
a minimum: All organic HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and
waste materials must be stored in closed containers; spills of organic
HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be
minimized; organic HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and
waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in closed
containers or pipes; mixing vessels which contain organic HAP coatings
and other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or
mixing the contents; and emissions of organic HAP must be minimized
during cleaning of storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
If your affected source has an existing documented plan that
incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the aforementioned
sources, then your existing plan could be used to satisfy the
requirement for a work practice plan.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to develop and operate according to a startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control device.
The General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) also would apply
to you as indicated in the proposed rule. The General Provisions codify
certain procedures and criteria for all 40 CFR part 63 NESHAP. The
General Provisions contain administrative procedures, preconstruction
review procedures for new sources, and procedures for conducting
compliance-related activities such as notifications, reporting and
recordkeeping, performance testing, and monitoring. The proposed rule
refers to individual sections of the General Provisions to emphasize
key sections that are relevant. However, unless specifically overridden
in the proposed rule, all of the applicable General Provisions
requirements would apply to you.
F. When Must I Comply With the Proposed Rule?
Existing wood building products facilities must comply within 3
years of the date the promulgated rule is published in the Federal
Register. New sources that commence construction after today's date
must comply immediately upon initial startup or the effective date of
the rule, whichever is later.
G. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
New or reconstructed affected sources would have to be in
compliance upon initial startup of the affected source or by the
effective date of the final rule, whichever is later. Existing affected
sources would have to be in compliance with the final standards no
later than 3 years after the effective date of the final rule. The
effective date is the date on which the final rule is published in the
Federal Register.
Compliance with the emission limits is based on a rolling 12-month
organic HAP emission rate determined each month. Each 12-month period
is a compliance period. The initial compliance period, therefore, is
the 12-month period beginning on the compliance date. If the compliance
date occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the
initial compliance period begins on the compliance date and extends
through the end of that month plus the following 12 months. We have
defined ``month'' as a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28
to 35 days to allow for flexibility at sources where data are based on
a business accounting period.
Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the proposed emission
limitations during the initial compliance period. At the end of the
initial compliance period, the owner or operator would use the data and
records generated to determine whether or not the affected source is in
compliance with the organic HAP emission limit and other applicable
requirements for that period. If the affected source does not meet the
applicable limits and other requirements, it is out of compliance for
the entire initial compliance period. We welcome specific comments on
the compliance dates and the data collection activities required for
the initial compliance period.
Emission Limits. There are several proposed options for complying
with the proposed emission limits, and the testing and initial
compliance requirements vary accordingly. You would be able to use
different compliance options for different coating operations in the
affected source and also for the same coating operation at different
times.
Option 1: Compliance based on the compliant material option. If you
demonstrate compliance based on the compliant material option, you
would determine the mass of organic HAP in all coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials used and the volume fraction of coating solids in
all coatings used each month during the initial compliance period. You
would be required to demonstrate that the organic HAP content of each
coating meets the applicable emission limit and that you use no organic
HAP thinners or cleaning materials.
To determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials and the volume fraction of coating
solids, you could either rely on manufacturer's data or on test results
using the test methods listed below. You may use alternative test
methods provided you get EPA approval in accordance with the NESHAP
General Provisions in 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any
inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or an
approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method results
would prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes:
For mass fraction of organic HAP, use Method 311 of 40 CFR
part 63, appendix A;
The proposed rule would allow you to use nonaqueous
volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP, which would include all
organic HAP plus all other organic compounds, and excluding water. If
you choose this option, then you would use Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A; and
For volume fraction of coating solids, use either
information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, ASTM
Method D2697-86 (1998), or ASTM Method D6093-97.
To demonstrate initial compliance based on the material used, you
would be required to demonstrate that the organic HAP content of each
coating
[[Page 42405]]
meets the applicable emission limit and that you use no organic HAP
thinners or cleaning materials.
Option 2: Compliance based on the emission rate without add-on
controls option. If you demonstrate compliance based on the emission
rate without add-on controls option, you would determine the mass
fraction of organic HAP in all coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials and the volume fraction of coating solids used each month
during the initial compliance period. You would use the same methods as
described above for Option 1. You would also:
Determine the quantity of each coating, thinner, and
cleaning material used.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
and total volume of coating solids used each month. You may subtract
the total mass of organic HAP contained in waste materials you send to
a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility regulated
under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions and
total volume of coating solids for the initial compliance period by
adding together all the monthly values for mass of organic HAP and for
volume of coating solids for the 12 months in the initial compliance
period.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP for
the materials used to the total volume of coating solids used for the
initial compliance period.
Record the calculations and results and include them in
your Notification of Compliance Status.
Option 3: Compliance based on the emission rate with add-on
controls option. If you use a capture system and add-on control device,
other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-
liquid material balance, your testing and initial compliance
requirements are as follows:
Conduct an initial performance test to determine the
capture and control efficiencies of the equipment and to establish
operating limits to be achieved on a continuous basis. The performance
test would have to be completed by the compliance date for existing
sources and no later than 180 days after the compliance date for new or
reconstructed affected sources.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP in each
material and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating
used each month of the initial compliance period.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all materials
and total volume of coating solids used each month in the coating
operation or group of coating operations. You may subtract from the
total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in waste materials you
send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility
regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Calculate the organic HAP emission reductions for the
controlled coating operations using the capture and control
efficiencies determined during the performance test and the total mass
of organic HAP in materials used in controlled coating operations.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions and
total volume of coating solids for the initial compliance period by
adding together all monthly values for mass of organic HAP and for
volume of coating solids for the 12 months in the initial compliance
period.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions to the total volume of coating solids used during the initial
compliance period.
Record the calculations and results and include them in
the Notification of Compliance Status.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device, other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances, you would determine both the efficiency of the capture system
and the emission reduction efficiency of the control device. To
determine the capture efficiency, you would either verify the presence
of a PTE using EPA Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M (and all
materials must be applied and dried within the enclosure); or use one
of the protocols in Sec. 63.4765 of the proposed rule to measure
capture efficiency. If you have a PTE and all the materials are applied
and dried within the enclosure and you route all exhaust gases from the
enclosure to a control device, then you would assume 100 percent
capture.
To determine the emission reduction efficiency of the control
device, you would conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas
streams. The test would consist of three runs, each run lasting at
least 1 hour, using the following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A:
Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling sites.
Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the gas
volumetric flow rate.
Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to determine dry
molecular weight.
Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile matter
concentration. Alternatively, any other test method or data that have
been validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of
40 CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator, could be
used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could determine the
overall control efficiency using a liquid-liquid material balance
instead of conducting an initial performance test. If you use the
material balance alternative, you would be required to measure the
amount of all materials used in the coating operations served by the
solvent recovery system during each month of the initial compliance
period and determine the volatile matter contained in these materials.
You would also measure the amount of volatile matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system each month of the initial compliance period.
Then you would compare the amount recovered for the 12-month initial
compliance period to the amount used to determine the overall control
efficiency, and apply this efficiency to the ratio of organic HAP to
coating solids for the materials used. You would record the
calculations and results and include them in your Notification of
Compliance Status.
Operating Limits. As mentioned above, you would establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of a capture system and
control device, other than a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The operating limits are the
minimum or maximum (as applicable) values achieved for capture systems
and control devices during the most recent performance test that
demonstrated compliance with the emission limits.
The proposed rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types
of emission control systems commonly used in the industry. You would be
required to install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all
monitoring equipment according to the manufacturer's specifications and
ensure that the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the
requirements in Sec. 63.4768 of the proposed rule. If you use control
devices other than those identified in the proposed rule, you would
submit the operating parameters to be monitored to the Administrator
for approval. The authority to approve the parameters to be monitored
is retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal oxidizer, you would continuously monitor the
appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15 minutes. The
temperature monitor is placed in the firebox or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
The operating limit would be the average temperature
[[Page 42406]]
measured during the performance test, and for each consecutive 3-hour
period, the average temperature would have to be at or above this
limit. If you use a catalytic oxidizer, you may choose from two methods
to determine operating limits. In the first method, you would
continuously monitor the temperature immediately before and after the
catalyst bed and record it at least every 15 minutes. The operating
limits would be the average temperature before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during the
performance test, and for each 3-hour period, the average temperature
and the average temperature difference would have to be at or above
these limits. In the alternative method, you would continuously monitor
the temperature immediately before the catalyst bed and record it at
least every 15 minutes. The operating limit would be the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance test,
and for each 3-hour period, the average temperature would have to be at
or above these limits. As part of the alternative method, you must also
develop and implement an inspection and maintenance plan for your
catalytic oxidizer.
If you use a carbon adsorber and do not conduct liquid-liquid
material balances to demonstrate compliance, you would monitor the
carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount of
steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits would be the carbon bed temperature (not to be
exceeded) and the amount of steam or nitrogen used for desorption (to
be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser, you would monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit would be the average condenser
outlet gas temperature measured during the performance test, and for
each consecutive 3-hour period, the average temperature would have to
be at or below this limit.
If you use a concentrator, you would monitor the desorption
concentrate stream gas temperature and the pressure drop of the dilute
stream across the concentrator. The operating limits would be the
desorption concentrate gas stream temperature (to be met as a minimum)
and the dilute stream pressure drop (not to be exceeded).
For each capture system that is not a PTE, you would establish
operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure
for each enclosure or capture device. The operating limit would be the
average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure during the
performance test, to be met as a minimum. For each capture system that
is a PTE, the operating limit would require the average facial velocity
of air through all natural draft openings to be at least 200 feet per
minute or the pressure drop across the enclosure to be at least 0.007
inches water.
Work Practices. If you use the emission rate with add-on controls
option, you would be required to develop and implement on an ongoing
basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP emissions from
storage, mixing, material handling, and waste handling operations. You
would have to make the plan available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it. We believe work practice standards
are appropriate to further reduce emissions. We request specific
comments on the work practice standards required for this source
category.
If your affected source has an existing documented plan that
incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the aforementioned
sources, then your existing plan may be used to satisfy the requirement
for a work practice plan.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to develop and operate according to a SSMP during
periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and
control device.
H. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions? Emission Limits.
Option 1: Compliance based on the compliant material option. If you
demonstrate compliance with the proposed emission limits based on the
compliant material option, you would demonstrate continuous compliance
if, for each 12-month compliance period, the organic HAP content of
each coating used does not exceed the applicable emission limit and you
use no thinner or coating material that contains organic HAP. You would
follow the same procedures for determining compliance that you used for
the initial compliance period.
Option 2: Compliance based on the emission rate without add-on
controls option. If you demonstrate compliance with the proposed
emission limits based on the emission rate without add-on controls
option, you would demonstrate continuous compliance if, for each 12-
month compliance period, the ratio of total mass of organic HAP to
total volume of coating solids used is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit. You would follow the same procedures for
calculating the organic HAP to coating solids ratio that you used for
the initial compliance period.
Option 3: Compliance based on the emission rate with add-on
controls option. For each coating operation on which you use a capture
system and control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, the continuous
parameter monitoring results for each month would affect your
compliance determination. If the monitoring results indicate no
deviations from the operating limits and there were no bypasses of the
control device, you would assume the capture system and control device
are achieving the same percent emission reduction efficiency as they
did during the most recent performance test in which compliance was
demonstrated. You would then apply this percent reduction to the total
mass of organic HAP in materials used in controlled coating operations
to determine the monthly mass of organic HAP emissions from those
operations. If there were any deviations from the operating limits
during the month or any bypasses of the control device, you would
account for them in the calculation of the monthly emissions by
assuming the capture system and control device were achieving zero
emission reduction during the periods of deviation. Then, you would
determine the organic HAP emission rate by dividing the total mass of
organic HAP emissions by the total volume of coating solids used during
the 12-month compliance period. Every month, you would calculate the
emission rate for the previous 12-month period.
For each coating operation on which you use a solvent recovery
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each month, you
would use the liquid-liquid material balance to determine control
efficiency. To determine the overall control efficiency, you must
measure the amount of all materials used during each month and
determine the volatile matter content of these materials. You must also
measure the amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery
system during the month, calculate the overall control efficiency, and
apply it to the total mass of organic HAP in the materials used to
determine total organic HAP emissions. Then, you would determine the
12-month organic HAP emission rate in the same manner as described
above.
Operating Limits. If you use an emission capture system and control
device, the proposed rule would require
[[Page 42407]]
you to achieve, on a continuous basis, the operating limits you
establish during the performance test. If the continuous monitoring
shows that the capture system and control device is operating outside
the range of values established during the performance test, you have
deviated from the established operating limits.
If you operate a capture system and control device that allow
emissions to bypass the control device, you would have to demonstrate
that organic HAP emissions collected by the capture system are being
routed to the control device by monitoring for potential bypass of the
control device. You may choose from the following four monitoring
procedures:
Flow control position indicator to provide a record of
whether the exhaust stream is directed to the control device;
Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the
bypass line valve in the closed position when the control device is
operating;
Valve closure monitoring to ensure any bypass line valve
or damper is closed when the control device is operating; or
Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating operation
when flow is diverted from the control device.
If the bypass monitoring procedures indicate that emissions are not
routed to the control device, you have deviated from the emission
limits.
Work practices. If you use the emission rate with add-on controls
option, you would be required to implement, on an ongoing basis, the
work practice plan you developed during the initial compliance period.
If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic HAP emissions or you
do not implement the plan, this would be a deviation from the work
practice standard.
If your affected source has an existing documented plan that
incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the aforementioned
sources, then your existing plan may be used to satisfy the requirement
for a work practice plan.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
would be required to operate according to your SSMP during periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device.
I. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You are required to comply with the applicable requirements in the
NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as described in
the proposed rule. The General Provisions notification requirements
include: initial notifications, notification of performance test if you
are complying using a capture system and control device, notification
of compliance status, and additional notifications required for
affected sources with continuous monitoring systems. The General
Provisions also require certain records and periodic reports.
Initial Notifications. If the proposed standards apply to you, you
must send a notification to the EPA Regional Office in the region where
your facility is located, and to your State agency, within 120 days
after the date of initial startup for new or reconstructed sources, or
120 days after publication of the final rule, whichever is later.
Existing affected sources must send the initial notification within 120
days after publication of the final rule. The report notifies us and
your State agency that you have constructed a new facility,
reconstructed an existing facility, or you have an existing facility
that is subject to the proposed rule. Thus, it allows you and the
permitting authority to plan for compliance activities. You will also
need to send a notification of planned construction or reconstruction
of a source that would be subject to the proposed rule and apply for
approval to construct or reconstruct.
Notification of Performance Test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and control device for which you do not conduct
a liquid-liquid material balance, you would conduct a performance test.
The performance test would be required no later than 180 days after
initial startup or 180 days after publication of the final rule,
whichever is later for a new or reconstructed affected source and no
later than the compliance date for an existing affected source (3 years
after publication of the final rule). You must notify us (or the
delegated State or local agency) at least 60 calendar days before the
performance test is scheduled to begin, as indicated in the General
Provisions for the NESHAP.
Notification of Compliance Status. You would send us a Notification
of Compliance Status within 30 days after the end of the initial
compliance period. Your compliance procedures would depend on which
compliance option you choose. In the notification, you would certify
whether the affected source has complied with the proposed standards,
identify the option(s) you used to demonstrate initial compliance, and
provide calculations supporting the compliance demonstration.
If you elect to comply by using a capture system and control device
for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the results
of the tests. Your notification would also include the measured range
of each monitored parameter and the operating limits established during
the performance test, and information showing whether the source has
complied with its operating limits during the initial compliance
period.
Recordkeeping Requirements. You would be required to keep records
of reported information and all other information necessary to document
compliance with the proposed rule for 5 years. As required under the
General Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept
on-site; the other 3 years may be kept off-site. Records pertaining to
the design and operation of the control and monitoring equipment must
be kept for the life of the equipment.
Depending on the compliance option that you choose, you may need to
keep records of the organic HAP content, volatile matter content,
coating solids content, and quantity of the coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials used during each compliance period.
If you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and control
device, you would also need to keep records of the following:
All required measurements, calculations, and supporting
documentation needed to demonstrate compliance with the standards;
All results of performance tests and parameter monitoring;
All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the requirements for minimizing emissions from mixing, storage, and
handling operations for coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials;
All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with
the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures are followed;
The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the emission capture system and control device;
Actions taken during startup, shutdown, or malfunction
that are different from the procedures specified in the affected
source's SSMP; and
Each period during which a CPMS is malfunctioning or
inoperative (including out-of-control periods).
The proposed rule would require you to collect and keep records
according to certain minimum data requirements for the CPMS. Failure to
collect and keep the specified minimum data would be a deviation that
is separate from any emission limits, operating limits, or work
practice standards.
[[Page 42408]]
Deviations, as determined from these records, will need to be
recorded and also reported. A deviation is any instance when any
requirement or obligation established by the proposed rule, including
but not limited to, the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards, is not met.
If you use a capture system and control device to reduce organic
HAP emissions, you would have to make your SSMP available for
inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The plan will stay
in your records for the life of the affected source or until the
affected source is no longer subject to the proposed standards. If you
revise the plan, you would need to keep the previous superceded
versions on record for 5 years following the revision.
Periodic Reports. Each reporting year is divided into two
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a
semiannual reporting period, you would submit a semiannual report
stating that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If
deviations occur, you would need to include them in the report as
follows:
Report each deviation from the emission limits.
Report each deviation from the work practice standards if
you use a emission capture system and control device.
If you use a emission capture system and control device
other than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances, report each deviation from an operating limit
and each time a bypass line diverts emissions from the control device
to the atmosphere.
Report other specific information on the periods of time
and details of deviations that occurred.
You would also have to include in each semiannual report an
identification of the compliance option(s) you used and of time periods
when you changed to another option.
Other Reports. You would be required to submit reports for periods
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device. If the procedures you follow during any startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are inconsistent with your plan, you would report those
procedures with your semiannual reports in addition to immediate
reports required by Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii) of the NESHAP General
Provisions.
III. Rationale for Selecting the Proposed Standards
A. How Did We Select the Source Category and Subcategories?
The surface coating of wood building products is a source category
that is on the list of source categories to be regulated because it
contains major sources that emit or have the potential to emit at least
9.07 Mg (10 tons) of any one HAP or at least 22.7 Mg (25 tons) of any
combination of HAP annually. The proposed rule would control HAP
emissions from both new or reconstructed sources and existing major
sources. Area sources are not being regulated under the proposed rule.
The surface coating of wood building products as described in the
listing includes any facility engaged in the surface coating of wood
building products, whether they manufacture the wood building product
or not. We use wood building products lists contained in the SIC and
NAICS code descriptions to describe the vast array of wood building
products.
We intend the source category to include facilities for which the
surface coating of wood building products is either their principal
activity or is an integral part of a production process that is the
principal activity. Most coating operations are located at plant sites
such as these. However, some may be located at plant sites for which
some other activity is principal. Collocated surface coating operations
comparable to the types and sizes of the dedicated facilities, in terms
of the coating operations and applicable emission control techniques,
are included in the source category. The definition of the source
category is intended to reflect this inclusion.
Due to the broad scope of the wood building products surface
coating industry, the category definition likewise needs to be broad in
order to include the varieties of operations and activities that might
occur at these facilities. However, a broad description has the
potential to unintentionally include coating operations that we would
not consider part of the category. Therefore, we reviewed the available
data and information to identify a descriptor common to all the sources
in the database that would further help to describe the category. Based
on our review, we believe that the quantity of coating usage is the
most equitable description for purposes of defining the scope of the
category. Other descriptions that could have been used but that we have
chosen not to propose because they would be too difficult to implement
or they are not as equitable as coating usage include production rate,
quantity of emissions, and solvent usage.
Facilities in the affected source category for which the data were
available to us reported annual usage of coatings to be higher than
4,170 liters per year (1,100 gal per year). Therefore, the types of
coatings and coating application methods that were evaluated in
developing these proposed standards represent only those known to be
used at facilities applying more than 4,170 liters (1,100 gal) of
coatings per year.
To be consistent with the available data, we propose to define the
source category to include any wood building products surface coating
operation that is a major source of HAP emissions or that is located at
or is part of a major source and uses at least 4,170 liters per year
(1,100 gal per year) of coatings annually. This definition is intended
to include all facilities dedicated to wood building product surface
coating operations, and similar types and sizes of surface coating
operations that are collocated at major sources for which the principal
activity is something other than surface coating. The source category
does not include research or laboratory facilities; janitorial,
building, and facility construction or maintenance operations; or hobby
shops that are operated for personal rather than for commercial
purposes. The source category also does not include coating
applications using handheld nonrefillable aerosol containers. We
request specific comments on the source category definition.
Subcategory Selection. The statute gives us discretion to determine
if and how to subcategorize. Once the floor has been determined for new
or reconstructed and existing affected sources for a source category or
subcategory, we must set MACT standards that are no less stringent than
the MACT floor. Such standards must then be met by all sources within
the source category or subcategory. A subcategory is a group of similar
sources within a given source category. As part of the regulatory
development process, we evaluate the similarities and differences
between industry segments or groups of facilities comprising a source
category. In establishing subcategories, we consider factors such as
process operations (type of process, raw materials, chemistry/
formulation data, associated equipment, and final products); emission
characteristics (amount and type of HAP); control device applicability;
and opportunities for pollution prevention. We may also
[[Page 42409]]
consider existing regulations or guidance from States and other
regulatory agencies in determining subcategories.
After reviewing survey responses from the industry, facility site
visit reports, and information received from stakeholder meetings, we
found that the wood building products surface coating industry may be
grouped into five subcategories with differing coating and performance
requirements. The five subcategories are: (1) Doors and windows; (2)
flooring; (3) interior wall paneling and tileboard; (4) other interior
panels; and (5) exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous.
We specifically invite comments on the selection of subcategories
in the proposed rule. For example, we are interested in whether there
may be significant differences in product quality or manufacture that
could appropriately be addressed by additional subcategories. The EPA
notes that cost-effectiveness estimates for some of the subcategories
covered by the proposed rule suggest that achieving the MACT floor will
be expensive in comparison to the volume of organic HAP controlled. The
data suggest that there is a great deal of variation in emission rates
even within many of the subcategories. The EPA is interested in data or
information that can be used to better address subcategorization and on
the costs of the proposed rule and any alternative approaches that
commenters may suggest.
Doors and Windows. The doors and windows subcategory typically
includes the priming and sometimes prefinishing of doors and/or
windows, including associated door and window components such as
moulding or trim. Moulding and trim are decorative or ornamental wood
products that are assembled with doors and windows to create a fixture.
Facilities typically produce both doors and windows and door and window
components at the same site. This is primarily to achieve consistency
in the appearance of the coatings applied and to aid in the assembly of
the end product or complete fixture (e.g., door or window assembly).
Door and window manufacturing and assembly operations are not
typically performed at the same site as doorskin manufacturing due to
the different manufacturing operations and types of coatings used.
Doors are manufactured by applying adhesive to a core and frame and
then pressing a doorskin on either side of the core and frame.
Doorskins are thin pieces of wood, such as veneer or fiberboard, which
are typically only primed at the doorskin manufacturing location prior
to being sent to a location that manufactures a door.
The doors and windows segment of the industry is faced with two
separate coating problems due to the exposure to both inside and
outside environments, which require substantially different performance
requirements. First, the primers and prefinishes that will be subject
to exterior conditions must have weather resistant properties similar
to those of exterior siding. Second, the coatings subject to interior
conditions must have stain and scrub resistant properties similar to
interior coatings that may or may not be pigmented, but must still
resist ultraviolet (UV) (sunlight) damage.
Related to those performance requirements, doors and windows are
the only products in the industry that require solvent-borne wood
treatment/preservative coatings prior to finishing. More than half of
the coatings (57 percent) reported by the facilities in the database
are high-HAP content wood treatment/preservative coatings. These are
low-solids solvent-borne coatings that must penetrate the wood to
protect from moisture and decay. There are no known low- or no-HAP
alternatives for these coatings, and the average organic HAP content
was 2.34 kg HAP/liter solids (19.5 lb HAP/gal solids), based on a
sample of door and window facilities.
The sharp angles, small areas, and openings associated with
moulding and trim of doors and windows are more difficult to coat than
the other relatively flat surfaces coated in the other subcategories of
this industry. Door and window surface coating operations utilize
either hang or flat lines and coat using spray systems due to non-flat
surfaces that prevent the use of roll coating. Line speeds for doors
and windows are also much slower than most ``flat'' products (e.g., 100
doors per day versus 70,000 doorskins per day). Dip tanks are sometimes
used for the wood treatment/preservative coatings, which allows the
product to soak in the coating.
Although some doors are marketed with only a factory-applied
primer, most are coated with a prefinish system that must meet industry
performance standards. The prefinish system used is either solvent-
based aminoplast technology or conventional solvent-based coating
technology. Conventional solvent-based coating systems are typically
used for interior doors while solvent-based aminoplast technology is
used primarily for exterior doors to impart weather resistance
characteristics without compromising aesthetic requirements. The
commercial resin systems available for mixing with aminoplast coats are
diluted with xylene and/or toluene. We believe that the performance
requirements and various coating operations of this industry segment
warrant creation of a subcategory.
Flooring. The flooring subcategory includes facilities involved in
the finishing or lamination of a wood building product to be used as
hardwood or wood laminate flooring. Hardwood flooring is cut and
grooved and typically finished in 8-foot or 12-foot strips. Laminate
flooring is becoming increasingly popular in the United States and is
manufactured using adhesives (typically urea formaldehyde or melamine
formaldehyde) that are applied to a paper backing to one side of a thin
piece of particleboard and a decorative laminate.
Flooring is limited by the coating types used, including the
predominant use of solvent-borne stains and UV sealers and topcoats.
Based on a sample of flooring operations, UV sealers and topcoats
accounted for approximately 65 percent of all coatings and zero organic
HAP emissions. Stains made up the other 35 percent of coatings and
averaged 2.82 kg HAP/liter solids (23.5 lb HAP/gal solids). No other
industry segment has this unique finishing scenario. Solvent-based
stains are prevalent in the industry, and some industry representatives
state they are needed in order to obtain the clarity of the wood grain.
Recent technology advancements over the past few years have moved to
water-borne stains, which in the past have tended to cause
``fuzziness'' in the appearance of the wood grain. In addition to the
hardwood flooring products, the use of adhesives in laminated flooring
distinguishes this operation from the remainder of the industry. For
these reasons, we believe that a separate subcategory is appropriate
for flooring.
Interior Wall Paneling and Tileboard. The interior wall paneling
and tileboard subcategory includes the application of a coating to a
panel used only as a wall covering. Interior wall paneling is usually
grooved, frequently embossed, and sometimes grain printed to resemble
various wood species. The substrate can be hardboard, plywood, medium
density fiberboard (MDF), or particleboard. Tileboard is a premium
interior wall paneling product used in areas of the home such as
kitchens and bathrooms. If tileboard is manufactured at a facility,
then interior wall paneling is typically manufactured at the same
facility. Tileboard, however, is not always manufactured at facilities
that manufacture interior wall paneling.
[[Page 42410]]
Interior wall paneling and tileboard are the primary components of
the interior panel product subgroup of wood building products. Product
specifications are established by consensus standards for both interior
wall paneling and tileboard. Interior wall paneling has more decorative
coating requirements than other products and is typically manufactured
at the same facilities as tileboard, although in much smaller
quantities. Tileboard has even more stringent product performance
requirements (i.e., adhesion and hardness standards, household stain,
scrub and moisture resistance, while maintaining a relative smooth
surface) compared to standard interior wall paneling.
Decorative appearance (embossed, grooved, or grain-printed) and
performance of the intermediate and end products require multiple
coating layers and coating steps far exceeding other subcategories.
Production speeds of 30 to 35 boards per minute require that coalescent
solvents be used that come out of the wet film without leaving cure
blisters and without leaving residual solvent in the coating film or
substrate. Residual solvents can cause product ``blocking'' (products
sticking together) during storage. Tileboard coatings average 0.71 kg
HAP/liter solids (5.9 lb HAP/gal solids), and interior wall paneling
coatings average around 0.19 kg HAP/liter solids (1.6 lb HAP/gal
solids). Both products utilize high-temperature aminoplast
crosslinkable coatings that are used on substrates that can tolerate
higher processing temperatures. These coatings have traditionally been
tied to solvent-borne technology where the main resins are supplied in
toluene, xylene, and butyl alcohols. The aforementioned coating
elements of this industry segment support the creation of a separate
subcategory.
Other Interior Panels. The other interior panels subcategory
typically includes the application of a coating to interior panels that
are sold for uses other than wall paneling, such as sheathing,
insulation board, pegboard, and ceiling tiles. Panels in this category
are normally not embossed, grooved, or grain-printed. Other interior
panels are frequently cut to size after coating either by the coater or
the purchaser. In addition to hardwood plywood and hardboard
substrates, softboard, fiberboard, particleboard, and MDF are other
substrates that are shipped to, or produced at, wood building products
facilities and used to produce coated interior panels.
Some facilities produce interior panels that are used in final
products such as shelving, drawersides, cabinetry, store fixtures,
display cases, and many other wood furniture components. These types of
facilities that are major sources of organic HAP emissions will not be
covered under the wood building products (surface coating) NESHAP
because they are already covered under the wood furniture NESHAP (40
CFR part 63, subpart JJ).
Other interior panels make up the rest of the interior panels
subcategory of wood building products. In this segment of the industry,
product specifications are established between the buyer and seller and
not by consensus standards. These products are used for interior
applications other than wall paneling or tileboard and use fewer
coating layers. Other interior panels typically are produced with a
single color and have fewer coating steps, less stringent product
performance requirements, and some UV applications that provide low
organic HAP emission rates. Primers and basecoats comprise 32 percent
of all the coatings used on these products and average 0.21 kg HAP/
liter solids (1.8 lb HAP/gal solids); prefinishes (clearcoats, paints/
inks, sealers, stains, and topcoats) make up 47 percent of the coating
usage and average 0.20 kg HAP/liter solids (1.7 lb HAP/gal solids).
These product differences support a separate subcategory.
Exterior Siding, Doorskin, and Miscellaneous. Exterior siding may
be made of solid wood, hardboard, or waferboard. Siding made of solid
wood and hardboard is typically primed at the manufacturing facility
and finished in the field, although some finishing may be performed
during manufacturing on a limited basis. Exterior trim (material made
out of siding panels and used for edges and corners around the siding)
is typically manufactured at the same facility and coated with the same
coatings as siding.
Facilities that produce waferboard or oriented strandboard siding
typically use a coated paper overlay with a water-borne primer. Since
the coating paper overlay is often added prior to the press, which is
considered to be part of the substrate manufacturing process, these
facilities will not be covered under the wood building products
(surface coating) NESHAP, but will be covered under the plywood and
composite wood products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart DDDD).
Doorskins are thin pieces of wood, such as veneer or fiberboard,
used on the outside surfaces or facings of a door. Doorskin
manufacturing is almost always performed at a separate location from
door manufacturing. Also, many facilities manufacture and finish both
exterior siding and doorskins at the same site.
There are several miscellaneous wood building products that are
surface coated and for which there is little or no emissions or product
performance information available. However, several of the
miscellaneous wood building products are used on the exterior of
buildings or structures, which would require similar protection as
exterior siding. These miscellaneous wood building products include,
but are not limited to, shutters, shingles, awnings, laminated veneer
lumber, and millwork that is not associated with doors and windows or
flooring.
This industry segment involves exterior products that must have
coatings able to withstand extreme and long-term weather conditions.
The predominant use of primers (82 percent of all coatings) relates to
a compatibility issue for all subsequent coating layers and warranty
provisions. These primers are low-HAP content coatings that average
0.01 kg HAP/liter solids (0.1 lb HAP/gal solids). The prefinishes,
including basecoats, sealers, stains, and topcoats, have a higher
average HAP content, 0.07 kg HAP/liter solids (0.6 lb HAP/gal solids),
and comprise the remaining 18 percent of the coatings used by these
facilities. The typical siding facility produces mainly primed siding,
but has a small percentage of prefinished material as well. Also, many
exterior siding facilities coat doorskins at the same location.
In summary, an important aspect in the determination of
subcategories for wood building products surface coating operations
relates to the differences in the performance requirements of the
coatings used, which relates to the type and the amount of coatings
required to meet the end-product specifications. The effectiveness of
an applied coating system depends on the extent to which the adhesion
of the coating to the substrate or other coating layers can take place,
the chemical nature and physical properties of the coating material,
and the severity of service environment. The durability and quality of
coatings depend on cohesion and adhesion properties. The EPA believes
that coatings and surface multiplicity differences, as outlined above,
warrant establishing subcategories for the wood building products
source category.
B. How Did We Select the Regulated Pollutants?
Available emission data collected during the development of the
proposed NESHAP show that the primary organic HAP emitted from the
surface coating of
[[Page 42411]]
wood building products include xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, EGBE,
and glycol ethers (not including EGBE). These compounds account for 84
percent of this source category's nationwide organic HAP emissions.
However, many other organic HAP are used in wood building products
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials. Therefore, the proposed
rule would regulate emissions of all organic HAP.
Although most of the coatings used in this source category do not
contain inorganic HAP, some special purpose coatings used by this
source category do contain inorganic HAP such as chromium, manganese,
and antimony. Emissions of these materials to the atmosphere are
minimal because the facilities in this source category employ either
water curtains or dry filters that remove overspray particles from the
spray booth exhaust. Therefore, at this time, it does not appear that
emissions of inorganic HAP from this source category warrant Federal
regulation.
C. How Did We Select the Affected Source?
In selecting the affected source(s) for emission standards, our
primary goal is to ensure that MACT is applied to HAP-emitting
operations or activities within the source category or subcategory
being regulated. The affected source also serves to determine where new
source MACT applies under a particular standard. Specifically, the
General Provisions in subpart A of 40 CFR part 63 define the terms
``construction'' and ``reconstruction'' with reference to the term
``affected source'' (40 CFR 60.2) and provide that new source MACT
applies when construction or reconstruction of an affected source
occurs (40 CFR 60.5). The collection of equipment and activities
evaluated in determining MACT (including the MACT floor) is used in
defining the affected source.
When emission standards are based on a collection of emission
sources, or total facility emissions relative to products with similar
coating operations, we select an affected source based on that same
collection of emission sources, or the total facility emissions
relative to products with similar coating operations, as well. This
approach for defining the affected source broadly is particularly
appropriate for industries where affected source-wide emission
standards provide the opportunity and incentive for owners and
operators to utilize control strategies that are more cost effective
than if separate standards were established for each emission point
within a facility.
The affected source for these proposed standards is broadly defined
to include all operations associated with the surface coating of wood
building products and the cleaning of coating operation equipment. In
selecting the affected source, we considered, for each operation, the
extent to which HAP materials are used and the amount of HAP that are
emitted. The organic HAP emissions from surface coating operations at
wood building products facilities originate from the surface coating
application, drying/curing, thinning and/or mixing, and cleaning
operations; storage, handling, and transfer of coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials; and waste materials related to the various coatings
applied to the wood building products. Consequently, the magnitude of
emissions depends heavily on the amount and HAP content of the coatings
used, the application method used, the amount and HAP content of
solvents used, the drying/curing operations used, and the efficiency of
any capture systems and add-on control devices. These factors are
determined by the purpose or function of the coating, the wood building
products surface coating method, and specific requirements related to
the end use of the wood building product.
A broad definition of the affected source was selected to provide
maximum flexibility in complying with the proposed emission limits for
organic HAP. In planning its total usage of organic HAP materials, each
affected source can select among available coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials to comply with the proposed limits. Additional
information on the wood building products surface coating operations
selected for regulation, and other operations, are included in the
docket for the proposed standards.
D. How Did We Determine the Basis and Level of the Proposed Standards
for New or Reconstructed and Existing Sources?
After we identify the specific source categories or subcategories
of sources to regulate under section 112 of the CAA, we must develop
emission standards for each category and subcategory. Section 112(d)(3)
establishes a minimum baseline or ``floor'' for standards. For new or
reconstructed sources in a category or subcategory, the standards
cannot be less stringent than the emission control achieved in practice
by the best-controlled similar source for which we have emission
information. The standards for existing sources can be less stringent
than standards for new or reconstructed sources, but they cannot be
less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the
best-performing 12 percent of existing sources (or the best-performing
five existing sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than
30 sources) for which we have emission information.
Within the wood building products industry, organic HAP emission
control for cleaning and surface coating operations is accomplished
primarily through the use of low- or no-HAP coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials. Add-on capture and control systems for organic HAP
are rarely used by the industry. While low- or no-HAP materials have
achieved broad use throughout the industry, each particular coating
technology is not used at every facility. Rather, facilities use
various combinations of low- or no-HAP coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials. Thus, we judged the most reasonable approach to establishing
a MACT floor to be the evaluation of a facility's organic HAP emissions
from all coating-related operations. To account for differences in
production levels from one facility to another, we normalized the
organic HAP emission rate by the volume of coating solids used. We
believe coating solids usage is an appropriate indicator of overall
production levels.
We used information obtained from industry survey responses to
estimate the sourcewide organic HAP emission rate from each survey
respondent. We calculated total organic HAP emissions by assuming that
100 percent of the volatile components in all coatings (including
adhesives), thinners, and cleaning materials are emitted. Sources used
for determining the MACT floor emission limits were identified as those
facilities that listed ``major source'' or ``synthetic minor source''
as their title V status on their questionnaire response, and other
facilities whose data indicated that they have the capacity to increase
their organic HAP emissions to at least 9.1 Mg/yr (10 tpy), even though
they did not identify themselves as major or synthetic minor sources.
The survey response information was used to determine the total
volume of coating solids used by each source. We included decorative,
protective, and functional coatings in this total.
Using the sourcewide organic HAP emissions and the total volume of
coating solids used for each survey respondent, we calculated the
normalized organic HAP emissions (emission rate) in units of kg organic
HAP per liter of coating solids (lb
[[Page 42412]]
organic HAP per gal of coating solids) used. The facilities were then
ranked from the lowest to the highest emission rate in each of the five
subcategories.
For two of the five subcategories, the existing source MACT floor
was based on the top 12 percent of the facilities because the
subcategories were projected to have more than 30 sources. The existing
source MACT floor for the other three subcategories was based on the
top five facilities because the subcategories were projected to have
fewer than 30 sources. The ``average'' emission rate for each
subcategory was interpreted as the median emission rate. The median
emission rate was selected rather than the mean or mode because it is
associated with an actual emission rate being achieved by a real
facility.
The best performing facilities in each subcategory in the database
achieved the emission limits for new or reconstructed sources in Table
2 of this preamble. The MACT floor process for existing sources
resulted in the emission limits identified in Table 3 of this preamble
by subcategory. The survey data showed no appreciable differences
between the floor facilities and the remaining facilities in each
subcategory in terms of the substrates coated, the coating technologies
used, or the applicability of control measures across the various
operations. Therefore, we believe the floor levels of control are
achievable by the sources in each subcategory.
After the floors have been determined for new or reconstructed and
existing sources in a source category or subcategory, we must set
emission standards that are technically achievable and no less
stringent than the floors. Such standards must then be met by all
sources within the source category or subcategory. We identify and
consider any reasonable regulatory alternatives that are ``beyond-the-
floor,'' taking into account emission reductions, cost, non-air quality
health and environmental impacts, and energy requirements. These
alternatives may be different for new or reconstructed and existing
sources because of different MACT floors, and separate standards may be
established for new or reconstructed and existing sources.
We identified and considered control levels more stringent than the
MACT floor level of control for organic HAP. The more stringent option
was the use of capture systems and add-on control devices at every
facility. The add-on control device chosen for the beyond-the-floor
analysis was a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO). An RTO was chosen
to achieve the highest reduction level possible.
In evaluating the beyond-the-floor option, we calculated the
additional costs and emission reductions associated with the use of a
capture system and RTO. Since most affected sources do not have any
form of add-on control to reduce organic HAP emissions from surface
coating operations, we believe that almost all of the facilities,
including the few facilities with existing add-on control, would need
to install a new capture system and an RTO to achieve the more
stringent level of control.
We calculated the cost to reduce each ton of organic HAP emissions
using the more stringent level of control. Requiring sources to meet
the beyond-the-floor level results in an estimated emission reduction
of 4,800 Mg/yr (5,300 tpy) at an estimated cost of $133.5 million per
year or $27,900 per Mg HAP ($25,300 per ton HAP) reduced.
Without having information on the benefits that would be achieved
by reducing emissions beyond-the-floor, we determined that the
additional emission reductions that could be achieved do not warrant
the costs that each existing source could incur by using add-on
controls. Therefore, we are not requiring beyond-the-floor levels of
emission reductions at this time. After implementation of these
standards, we will evaluate the health and environmental risks that may
be posed as a result of exposure to emissions from the wood building
products source category. At that time, we will determine whether the
additional costs are warranted in light of the available risk
information.
For new or reconstructed sources, the organic HAP emission limits
are zero or near zero kg HAP/liter of solids (lb HAP/gal of solids).
These limits will achieve 100 percent or nearly 100 percent organic HAP
emission reductions. Therefore, there are no other control technologies
that need to be considered as a beyond-the-floor option for controlling
organic HAP from new or reconstructed sources.
For new or reconstructed sources, we based the proposed standards
on the new source MACT floor. For existing sources, we based the
proposed standards on the existing source MACT floor. As described
earlier, we determined that the beyond-the-floor option was not
technically or economically feasible for all existing sources.
The MACT levels of control for new or reconstructed and existing
sources can be achieved in several different ways. Many sources would
be able to use low- or no-HAP coatings, although they may not be
available to meet the needs of every source. If a source is also using
thinners or cleaning materials that contain organic HAP, then it may be
able to switch to low- or no-HAP thinners and cleaning materials, which
are widely available, to reduce the sourcewide organic HAP emissions
rate to the MACT level. Other available options are the use of UV
coatings or capture systems and add-on control devices to reduce
emissions.
We note here that our assumption, used in the development of the
MACT floors, that 100 percent of the organic HAP in the materials used
are emitted by the affected source would not apply when the source
sends organic HAP waste materials to a facility for treatment or
disposal. We made that assumption because the industry survey responses
provided little information as to the amount of organic HAP recovered
and recycled or treated and disposed. We, therefore, concluded that the
practice may not be common within the wood building products surface
coating industry. We recognize, however, that some wood building
products facilities may conduct such activities and should be allowed
to account for such activities in determining their emissions. Thus,
the proposed rule allows you to reduce the organic HAP emissions by the
amount of any organic HAP contained in waste treated or disposed at a
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facility that is
regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
E. How Did We Select the Format of the Proposed Standards?
We selected the format of the standards to be mass of organic HAP
per volume of coating solids. The proposed format would allow wood
building products surface coating operation owners and operators
flexibility in choosing any combination of means (including coating
reformulation, use of low- or no-HAP materials, solvent elimination,
work practices, and add-on control devices) to comply with the
applicable emission limit that is workable for their particular
situations.
We selected volume of coating solids as a component of the proposed
standards to normalize the rate of organic HAP emissions across all
sizes and types of facilities. We also selected the volume of coating
solids used because it is directly related to the surface area coated
and, therefore, provides an equitable basis for all coatings,
regardless of differences in coating densities. A format based on the
mass or weight of coating solids (instead of volume) could result in
inequitable standards for higher-density pigmented
[[Page 42413]]
coatings, such as basecoats or enamels, compared to coatings with lower
densities per unit volume.
Other choices for the format of the standards that we considered,
but chose not to propose, included a usage limit (mass per unit of
production) and a percent reduction limit based on a capture system and
add-on control device. As it is not our intent to limit a facility's
production under the proposed standards, we are not proposing a usage
limit. We also evaluated, but are not proposing, a percent reduction
limit, as most wood building products facilities are not expected to
use capture systems and add-on control devices for compliance.
In lieu of emission standards, section 112(h) of the CAA allows
work practice standards or other requirements to be established when a
pollutant cannot be emitted through a conveyance or capture system, or
when measurement is not practicable because of technological and
economic limitations. Many wood building products facilities use some
type of work practice measure to reduce HAP emissions from mixing,
cleaning, storage, and waste handling areas as part of their standard
operating procedures. They use these measures to decrease solvent usage
and minimize exposure to workers. However, we do not have data to
quantify accurately the emission reductions achievable by the work
practice measures. The level of emissions depends on the type of
equipment and the work practices used at the facility and would be very
site-specific. For example, emissions from solvent-laden rags used to
clean spray booths would depend on the method used to isolate and store
such rags. In addition to lacking adequate data and information to
quantify an emissions level for such operations, it is not practicable
to measure emissions from these operations since they often occur in
large open areas not amenable to testing. Therefore, work practice
standards are appropriate for such operations under section 112(h) of
the CAA.
We request specific comments on work practice standards and their
applicability to this source category.
Under the option where emissions are reduced by using low- or no-
HAP materials, we assume that all the organic HAP in the materials
entering the affected source are volatilized (emitted). Therefore,
emissions from operations occurring within the affected source (e.g.,
mixing operations) are accounted for in the determination of total
materials usage at the affected source. However, when you comply by
using capture systems and add-on control devices, emissions from
mixing, storage, and waste handling operations are often not routed to
the control devices and would not be practicable to measure for
inclusion in a determination of compliance with emission limits.
Therefore, the proposed rule would require development and
implementation of an emission reduction work practice plan to assure
that emissions are reduced from such operations.
F. How Did We Select the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
The proposed standards would allow you to choose among several
options to demonstrate compliance with the proposed standards for
organic HAP.
Option 1: Compliant material option. You would be required to
document the organic HAP content of all coatings and show that each is
less than the applicable emission limit. You would also have to show
that each thinner and cleaning material used contains no organic HAP.
Method 311 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of organic HAP in coatings and has been used in previous
surface coating NESHAP. We have not identified any other methods that
provide advantages over Method 311 for use in the proposed standards.
Method 24 is the method developed by EPA for determining the mass
fraction of volatile matter for coatings and can be used if you choose
to determine the nonaqueous volatile matter content as a surrogate for
organic HAP. In other NESHAP, volatile organic compound emission
control measures have been implemented in coating industries, with
Method 24 as the compliance method. We have not identified any other
methods that provide advantages over Method 24 for use in the proposed
standards.
The proposed methods for determining volume fraction of coating
solids are either ASTM Method D2697-86 (1998) or ASTM Method D6093-97.
These are voluntary consensus standards (VCS) determined to be
appropriate for the proposed rule; they represent the consensus of the
coating industry and other experts involved in their development.
Option 2: Emission rate without add-on controls option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using this option, you would calculate
the organic HAP emission rate for one or more of your coating
operation(s) in the affected source, based on the mass of organic HAP
in all coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials and the volume of
coating solids used during the initial compliance period. You would be
required to demonstrate that the organic HAP emission rate does not
exceed the applicable emission limit using the methods discussed
previously.
Option 3: Emission rate with add-on controls option. If you use a
capture system and control device other than a solvent recovery device
for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would be
required to conduct an initial performance test of the system to
determine its overall control efficiency. For a solvent recovery system
for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you would
determine the quantity of volatile matter applied and the quantity
recovered during the initial compliance period to determine its overall
control efficiency. For both cases, the overall control efficiency
would be combined with the monthly mass of organic HAP in the coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials used to calculate the monthly organic
HAP emission rate in kg HAP/liter of coating solids (lb HAP/gal of
coating solids). If you conduct a performance test, you would also
determine parameter operating limits during the test. The test methods
that the proposed standards would require for the performance test have
been required in many standards of performance for industrial surface
coating sources under 40 CFR part 60 and NESHAP under 40 CFR part 63.
We have not identified any other methods that provide advantages over
these methods.
G. How Did We Select the Proposed Continuous Compliance Requirements?
To demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits, you
would need records of the quantity of coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials used and the data and calculations supporting your
determination of their organic HAP content. If you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances, you would need records of the quantity of
volatile matter used and the quantity recovered by the solvent recovery
system each month.
To ensure continuous compliance with the proposed organic HAP
emission limits and operating limits, the proposed standards would
require continuous parameter monitoring of capture systems and control
devices and recordkeeping. We selected the following requirements based
on reasonable cost, ease of execution, and usefulness of the resulting
data to both the owners or operators and EPA for ensuring continuous
compliance with the emission limits and operating limits.
We are proposing that certain parameters be continuously monitored
[[Page 42414]]
for the types of capture systems and control devices commonly used in
the industry. These monitoring parameters have been used in other
standards for similar industries. The values of these parameters that
correspond to compliance with the proposed emission limits are
established during the initial or most recent performance test that
demonstrates compliance. These values are your operating limits for the
capture system and control device.
You would be required to determine 3-hour average values for most
monitored parameters for the affected source. We selected this
averaging period to reflect operating conditions during the performance
test to ensure the control system is continuously operating at the same
or better control level as during a performance test demonstrating
compliance with the emission limits.
H. How Did We Select Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You would be required to comply with the applicable requirements in
the NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as
described in Table 4 of the proposed subpart QQQQ. We evaluated the
General Provisions requirements and included those we determined to be
the minimum notification, recordkeeping, and reporting necessary to
ensure compliance with, and effective enforcement of, the proposed
standards, modifying them as appropriate for the wood building products
surface coating category.
IV. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
The proposed standards will affect an estimated 205 major source
facilities that surface coat wood building products. The impacts are
presented relative to a baseline reflecting the level of control prior
to the standards. Due to consolidation throughout the industry, there
is not expected to be any net growth within the wood building products
surface coating industry during the next 5 years. Therefore, there are
no projected impacts for new sources. For a facility that is already in
compliance with the proposed standards, only monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting cost impacts were estimated. For more information on how
impacts were estimated, see the BID in the docket.
A. What Are the Air Impacts?
The proposed emission limits are expected to reduce nationwide
organic HAP emissions from existing major sources by 3,200 Mg/yr (3,500
tpy). This represents a reduction of 61 percent from the baseline
organic HAP emissions of 5,100 Mg/yr (5,600 tpy).
B. What Are the Cost Impacts?
We have estimated the costs related to complying with the emission
limitations and meeting the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements. The costs to comply with the emission limitations include
the increased cost of low- or no-HAP coating materials and, for sources
that choose to use existing emission capture and control systems,
performance testing costs. We have assumed for this analysis that all
affected sources will use low- or no-HAP coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials, and that these materials can be utilized without
the need for capital expenditure. Annual costs to meet the monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of the proposed rule have
also been included.
To comply with the proposed standards, existing sources will likely
use low- or no-HAP coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials.
Compliance costs were estimated based on an incremental cost difference
between the materials currently used and the complying materials. For
purposes of the proposed rule, low- or no-HAP coatings used to comply
with the standard are expected to be more expensive than the higher-HAP
content coatings that are currently being used.
Performance testing costs for the facilities that choose to use
existing control devices to comply with the standard include the labor
hours required to conduct performance testing and monitoring on each
emission capture system and control device used, and to develop the
associated data elements for recordkeeping and reporting purposes.
Recordkeeping and reporting includes all labor hours related to the
tracking of coating usage, the cost of purchasing computer equipment,
the labor hours required to write and submit reports, and the labor
hours required to train the coating personnel.
The total annual costs for the approximate 205 existing major
sources are estimated at $27.3 million. According to estimates,
recordkeeping and reporting costs will contribute $5.5 million to the
overall cost of these proposed NESHAP; material costs will contribute
$21.6 million; and performance testing and monitoring will contribute
$246,000. We specifically invite comments on how the EPA might reduce
the overall cost and cost by subcategory for the proposed rule and
thereby increase the rule's cost-effectiveness.
C. What Are the Economic Impacts?
We performed an EIA to provide an estimate of the facility and
market impacts of the proposed standards as well as the social costs.
In general, we expect the economic impacts of the proposed standards to
be minimal, with price increases for affected wood building products
surface coating facilities of only 0.04 percent.
For affected sources, the median profit margin will remain
unchanged, with small entities being slightly more affected by the
proposed standards. The median profit margin for small entities is
expected to decrease from 2.8 percent to 2.7 percent while the median
profit margin for large entities is expected to decrease from 3.3
percent to 3.2 percent. Therefore, we do not expect an adverse economic
impact on the industry as a whole.
The distribution of costs across wood building products surface
coating facilities is slanted toward the lower impact levels with many
facilities incurring costs related only to annually recurring
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting, and for only a few sources
that choose to use their existing add-on controls, initial performance
testing, and parameter monitoring. The EIA indicates that these
regulatory costs are expected to represent only 0.2 percent of the
value of coating services, which should not cause producers to cease or
alter their current operations. Hence, no firms or facilities are at
risk of closure because of the proposed standards. For more
information, refer to the ``Industry Profile: Wood Building Products
Industry'' (docket A-97-52).
D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?
Based on information from the industry survey responses, we found
no indication that the use of low- or no-organic-HAP content coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials at existing sources would result in
any increase or decrease in non-air health, environmental, and energy
impacts. There would be no change in utility requirements associated
with the use of these materials, so there would be no change in the
amount of energy consumed as a result of the material conversion. Also,
there would be no significant change in the amount of materials used or
the amount of waste produced.
[[Page 42415]]
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, OMB has notified
EPA that it considers this a ``significant regulatory action'' within
the meaning of the Executive Order. The EPA has submitted this action
to OMB for review. Changes made in response to OMB suggestions or
recommendations will be documented in the public record.
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
Under Section 6 of Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a
regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs, and that is not required by statute, unless
the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct
compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA
consults with State and local officials early in the process of
developing the proposed regulation. The EPA also may not issue a
regulation that has federalism implications and that preempts State
law, unless the Agency consults with State and local officials early in
the process of developing the proposed regulation.
The proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Pursuant to the terms of
Executive Order 13132, it has been determined that the proposed rule
does not have ``federalism implications'' because it does not meet the
necessary criteria. Thus, the requirements of Section 6 of the
Executive Order do not apply to the proposed rule. Although Section 6
of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to the proposed rule, EPA did
consult with State and local officials to enable them to provide timely
input in the development of the proposed rule.
C. Executive Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175, entitled ``Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000),
requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful
and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations
that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on
the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes,
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the
Federal government and Indian tribes.''
The proposed rule does not have tribal implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. No
tribal governments own or operate wood building products surface
coating facilities. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to the
proposed rule.
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, the EPA must evaluate the environmental health or
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under Section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. The proposed rule is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish
environmental standards based on an assessment of health or safety
risks. No children's risk analysis was performed because no alternative
technologies exist that would provide greater stringency at a
reasonable cost. Furthermore, the proposed rule has been determined not
to be ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order
12866.
E. Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
The proposed rule is not a ``significant energy action'' as defined
in Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Further,
we have concluded that the proposed rule is not likely to have any
adverse energy effects. Affected sources are expected to comply with
the proposed rule through pollution prevention rather than end-of-pipe
controls, and therefore, there would be no increase in energy usage.
F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for
[[Page 42416]]
Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on
State, local, and tribal governments and the private sector. Under
section 202 of the UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written
statement, including a cost-benefit analysis, for proposed and final
rules with ``Federal mandates'' that may result in expenditures to
State, local, and tribal governments, in aggregate, or to the private
sector, of $100 million or more in any 1 year. Before promulgating an
EPA rule for which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the
UMRA generally requires EPA to identify and consider a reasonable
number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most
cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that achieves the
objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when
they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows
EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator
publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was
not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that
may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including
tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the
UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for
notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of
affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the
development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal
intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising
small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that the proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual cost of the
proposed rule has been estimated to be less than $27.3 million. Thus,
today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of sections
202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has determined that this
proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it contains
no requirements that apply to such governments or impose obligations
upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject to the
requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601, et
seq.
The RFA generally requires us to prepare a regulatory flexibility
analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking
requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any other
statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
For the purposes of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule
on small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business
whose parent company has no more than 500 employees; (2) a small
governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town,
school district, or special district with a population of less than
50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit
enterprise that is independently owned and operated and is not dominant
in its field.
In accordance with the RFA and SBREFA, EPA conducted an assessment
of the proposed standards on small businesses within the wood building
products surface coating industry. Based on Small Business
Administration size definitions and reported sales and employment data,
EPA's survey identified 4 out of 44 known facilities (4 out of 19 known
companies) as being owned by small businesses that will be affected by
the proposed standards. Small businesses own 9 percent of the
facilities and represent 21 percent of the companies within the source
category that will be affected by the proposed standards and are
expected to incur less than 10 percent of the total industry compliance
costs of $27 million. There are no small firms with compliance costs
equal to or greater than 1 percent of their sales. The EPA believes the
sample of firms included in this small entity analysis is
representative of the small firms that may be affected by the proposed
rule.
The EPA also notes that, while economies of scale will require
individual small firms to pay a somewhat higher proportion of revenues
than large firms for compliance, the burden on most small firms is
quite low nevertheless. The median compliance cost is well below 1
percent of sales for both small and large firms affected by the
proposed standards (0.18 and 0.02 percent of sales for small and large
firms, respectively). After reviewing the range of costs to be borne by
small businesses, EPA has determined the costs are typically small and,
thus, certifies that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. In addition, EPA has
determined that the certification that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities
does not change if this analysis is done using the NAICS-based small
business size standards and NAICS industry data. For more information,
please consult the memorandum ``Small Entity Impact Analysis Results
Comparison for Proposed Wood Building Products NESHAP'' (docket A-97-
52).
Although the proposed rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities, EPA has nonetheless
worked aggressively to minimize the impact of the proposed rule on
small entities, consistent with our obligations under the CAA. Along
with soliciting input from small entities during the data-gathering
phase of the proposed rulemaking, three separate small business
outreach activities were conducted. First, the Western States Air
Resources Council was contacted about small business participation in a
meeting held on October 12, 1999. (For more information, see docket A-
57-92.) The second activity was a random screening of approximately 250
affected companies within the wood building products surface coating
industry. Internet searches led to a list of ten possible small
entities. These small entities were then invited to join a small
business panel to assist in the development of the wood building
products (surface coating) NESHAP. The third outreach program was
conducted through SCOPe, which is a cooperative agreement between the
EPA and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and
Administration. Meetings are facilitated by local public affairs and
administration faculty and are used to inform small entities of pending
regulations. The informal meetings allow potentially affected
facilities to voice concerns which will then be communicated to the EPA
prior to the rulemaking. According to outreach in Georgia, Oregon,
North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, small entities are aware of low- or
no-HAP coatings that have the potential to reduce HAP emissions. Many
of the small entities currently use low- or no-HAP coatings and agree
that they are often less expensive than higher-HAP options, do not
affect the quality of the final product, and the choices are
[[Page 42417]]
becoming more widespread. Therefore, small entities will not be
adversely affected by the use of low- or no-HAP coatings. (For more
information, see docket A-97-52.)
Another aspect of the small business outreach was the participation
in meetings that focus on impacts on small entities. The EPA
representatives for the wood building products (surface coating) NESHAP
have attended conferences and trade association meetings that have
included small entities. By attending conferences sponsored by the
Center for Advanced Wood Processing, the Laminating Materials
Association, and RadTech International North America, and being
involved in coatings-related industry and trade association meetings,
information about the proposed wood building product (surface coating)
NESHAP has been shared with other communities concerned with impacts on
small entities.
We believe these actions will significantly reduce the compliance
burden for small entities, thereby mitigating potential impacts and
preventing any duplication of effort. In addition, we are proposing
compliance options which give small entities flexibility in choosing
the most cost effective and least burdensome alternative for their
operation. For example, a facility could purchase and use low- or no-
HAP coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials (i.e., pollution
prevention) that meet the proposed standards rather than being required
to purchase add-on control systems. The low- or no-HAP option can be
demonstrated with minimum burden by using already-maintained purchase
and usage records. No testing of materials would be required, as the
facility owners could show that their coatings meet the emission limits
by providing formulation data supplied by the manufacturer.
We are also proposing one option that allows compliance
demonstrations to be conducted on a rolling 12-month basis, meaning
that the facility would each month calculate a 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the previous 12 months to determine compliance. This
will give affected small entities extra flexibility in complying with
the emission limits since small entities are more likely to use lower
monthly volumes and/or a limited number of materials. Furthermore, we
are proposing the minimum monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements needed for enforcement and compliance assurance.
We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of the
proposed standards on small entities and welcome comments on issues
related to such impacts. For more information consult docket A-97-52.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in the proposed rule will
be submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44
U.S.C. 3501, et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR) document
has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 2034.01) and a copy may be obtained
from Susan Auby by mail at U.S. EPA, Office of Environmental
Information, Collection Strategies Division (2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460, by email at [email protected], or by
calling (202) 566-1672. A copy may also be downloaded off the internet
at http://www.epa.gov/icr. The information requirements are not
effective until OMB approves them.
The information requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General
Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA
pursuant to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a
claim of confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to Agency
policies set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The proposed standards would require maintaining records of all
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials data and calculations used
to determine compliance. This information includes the volume used
during each compliance period, mass fraction of organic HAP, density,
and, for coatings only, volume fraction of coating solids.
If an add-on control device is used, records will need to be kept
of the capture efficiency of the capture device, destruction or removal
efficiency of the control device, and the monitored operating
parameters. In addition, records will need to be kept of each
calculation of the affected sourcewide emissions for each compliance
period and all data, calculations, test results, and other supporting
information.
The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting burden for this
collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date of
the final rule) is estimated to be approximately 2,100 labor hours per
year at a total annual cost of $119,500. For facilities assumed to use
add-on control devices, this estimate includes a one-time performance
test and report (with repeat tests where needed) and a one-time
submission of a SSMP with semiannual reports for any event when the
procedures in the plan were not followed. For all facilities, this
estimate includes semiannual compliance status reports and
recordkeeping. The total capital/startup costs associated with the
monitoring requirements is $58,000. We request specific comments on the
labor hours and costs associated with the monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting burden associated with this source category.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
rules are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15. Under the
Paperwork Reduction Act, EPA must consider the paperwork burden imposed
by any ICR in a proposed or final rule. The proposed standards will not
impose any new information collection requirements beyond those
specified in the ICR document.
Comments are requested on the EPA's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden, including through the use of
automated collection techniques. By U.S. Postal Service, send comments
on the ICR to the Director, Collection Strategies Division, U.S. EPA
(2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460; or by
courier, send comments on the ICR to the Director, Collection
Strategies Division, U.S. EPA (2822T), 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW,
Room 6143, Washington, DC 20460 (Call (202) 566-1700); and to the
Office of Information and Regulatory
[[Page 42418]]
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th St., NW, Washington,
DC 20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.'' Include the ICR
number in any correspondence. Since OMB is required to make a decision
concerning the ICR between 30 and 60 days after June 21, 2002, a
comment to OMB is best assured of having its full effect if OMB
receives it by July 22, 2002. The final rule will respond to any OMB or
public comments on the information collection requirements contained in
the proposal.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA) (Public Law 104-113; 15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs us
to use VCS in regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so
would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. The
VCS are technical standards (e.g., material specifications, test
methods, sampling and analytical procedures, and business practices)
that are developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus
bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through annual
reports to OMB, with explanations when EPA does not use available and
applicable VCS.
The proposed rule involves technical standards. We propose in this
rule to use EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 24,
25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, and 311. Consistent with the NTTAA, we conducted
searches to identify VCS in addition to these EPA methods. No
applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D, 2F, 2G, 204,
and 204A-F. The search and review results have been documented and are
available in the docket (A-97-52) of the proposed rule.
Two VCS were identified for determining the volume solids content
of coatings, and we propose to use them in the rule. The standards are
ASTM D2697-86 (1998), ``Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile
Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings,'' and ASTM D6093-97, ``Standard
Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented
Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer.'' These standards fill a void
in EPA Method 24 which directs that volume solids content be calculated
from the coating manufacturer's formulation. The proposed rule does
allow for the use of the volume solids content values calculated from
the coating manufacturer's formulation; however, test results will take
precedence if they do not agree with calculated values.
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 1991), and ASTM D5403-93, are already
incorporated by reference (IBR) in EPA Method 24. In addition, we are
separately specifying the use of ASTM D1475-90 for measuring the
density of individual coating components, such as organic solvents.
Five VCS: ASTM D1979-91, ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-
93, and ASTM PS 9-94 are IBR in EPA Method 311.
In addition to the VCS we propose to use in this rule, the search
for emissions measurement procedures identified 14 other VCS. We
determined that 11 of these 14 standards identified for measuring
emissions of the HAP or surrogate subject to emission standards in the
proposed rule were impractical alternatives to EPA test methods for the
purposes of the proposed rule. Therefore, the EPA does not intend to
adopt these standards. (See docket A-97-52 for further information on
the methods.)
The EPA takes comment on the compliance demonstration requirements
in the proposed rule and specifically invites the public to identify
potentially-applicable VCS. Commenters should also explain why the
proposed rule should adopt these VCS in lieu of or in addition to EPA's
standards. Emission test methods and performance specifications
submitted for evaluation should be accompanied with a basis for the
recommendation, including method validation data and the procedure used
to validate the candidate method (if a method other than Method 301, 40
CFR part 63, appendix A, was used).
Sections 63.4730, 63.4741, 63.4761, 63.4765, 63.4766, and Table 3
to proposed subpart QQQQ lists the EPA testing methods included in the
proposed rule. Under Sec. 63.8 of subpart A of the General Provisions,
a source may apply to EPA for permission to use alternative monitoring
in place of any of the EPA testing methods.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Surface coating,
Wood building products.
Dated: May 23, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart QQQQ to read as follows:
Subpart QQQQ--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Surface Coating of Wood Building Products
Sec.
What This Subpart Covers
63.4680 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.4681 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.4682 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.4683 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
Emission Limitations
63.4690 What emission limits must I meet?
63.4691 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.4692 What operating limits must I meet?
63.4693 What work practice standards must I meet?
General Compliance Requirements
63.4700 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.4701 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
63.4710 What notifications must I submit?
63.4720 What reports must I submit?
63.4730 What records must I keep?
63.4731 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
63.4740 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4741 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4742 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
63.4750 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4751 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4752 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
[[Page 42419]]
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
63.4760 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4761 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4762 [Reserved]
63.4763 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
63.4764 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.4765 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.4766 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.4767 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.4768 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
Other Requirements and Information
63.4780 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.4781 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Tables
Table 1 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed Affected Sources
Table 2 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Emission Limits for Existing
Affected Sources
Table 3 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Operating Limits if Using the
Emission Rate with Add-on Controls Option
Table 4 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Applicability of General
Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63
Table 5 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
Table 6 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63. Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups
What This Subpart Covers
Sec. 63.4680 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for wood building products surface coating
facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate
initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations.
Sec. 63.4681 Am I subject to this subpart?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the source
category to which this subpart applies is surface coating of wood
building products, which means the application of coatings using, for
example, roll coaters or curtain coaters in the finishing or laminating
of any wood building product that contains more than 50 percent by
weight wood or wood fibers and is used in the construction, either
interior or exterior, of a residential, commercial, or institutional
building. The wood building products source category includes the
subcategories listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Doors and windows. The doors and windows subcategory includes
doors and windows and door and window components, such as millwork,
moulding, or trim.
(2) Flooring. The flooring subcategory includes solid wood
flooring, engineered wood flooring, and wood laminate flooring.
(3) Interior wall paneling and tileboard. The interior wall
paneling and tileboard subcategory includes interior wall paneling
products. Tileboard is a premium interior wall paneling product.
(4) Other interior panels. The other interior panel subcategory
includes panels that are sold for uses other than interior wall
paneling, such as sheathing, insulation board, pegboard, and ceiling
tiles.
(5) Exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous. The exterior
siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous subcategory includes lap or panel
siding, trimboard, doorskins, and other miscellaneous wood building
products, including, but not limited to, shingles, awnings, shutters,
and laminated veneer lumber.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec. 63.4682,
that uses 4,170 liters (1,100 gallons) per year, or more, of coatings
in the source category defined in paragraph (a) of this section and
that is a major source, is located at a major source, or is part of a
major source of emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP). A major
source of HAP emissions is any stationary source or group of stationary
sources located within a contiguous area and under common control that
emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07
megagrams (Mg) (10 tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at
a rate of 22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year.
(c) This subpart does not apply to surface coating and other
operations that meet the criteria of paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of
this section.
(1) Surface coating in the processes identified in paragraphs
(c)(1)(i) through (x) of this section that are part of plywood and
composite wood product manufacturing subject to subpart DDDD of this
part:
(i) Edge seals applied to a reconstituted wood product or plywood.
(ii) Anti-skid coatings applied to reconstituted wood products.
(iii) Primers applied to waferboard or oriented strand board (OSB)
siding at the site of manufacture of the waferboard or OSB siding.
(iv) Painting of company logo information on plywood or
reconstituted wood products.
(v) Application of trademarks and grade stamp to reconstituted wood
products or plywood.
(vi) Application of nail lines to reconstituted wood products.
(vii) Synthetic patches, wood patches, and wood putty applied to
plywood.
(viii) Application of concrete forming oil to wood building
products.
(ix) Veneer composing.
(x) Application of shelving edge fillers to reconstituted wood
products.
(2) Surface coating of wood furniture subject to subpart JJ of this
part, including finishing, gluing, cleaning, and washoff operations
associated with the production of wood furniture or wood furniture
components. The surface coating of millwork and trim associated with
cabinet manufacturing is also subject to subpart JJ of this part but
not to this subpart.
(3) Surface coating that occurs during the manufacture of
prefabricated homes and mobile/modular homes.
(4) Surface coating that occurs at research or laboratory
facilities; janitorial, building, and facility construction or
maintenance operations; or hobby shops that are operated for personal
rather than for commercial purposes. The source category also does not
include coating applications using handheld nonrefillable aerosol
containers.
(5) Wood treatment or fire retardant operations located at wood
building products facilities that involve impregnating the wood product
with the wood treatment chemicals or fire retardant by using a retort
or other pressure vessel.
Sec. 63.4682 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source.
(b) The affected source is the collection of all of the items
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section that are used
for surface coating of wood building products:
(1) All coating operations as defined in Sec. 63.4781;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed;
[[Page 42420]]
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials; and
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating operation.
(c) An affected source is a new affected source if you commenced
its construction after June 21, 2002, and the construction is of a
completely new wood building products surface coating facility where
previously no wood building products surface coating facility had
existed.
(d) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(e) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.
Sec. 63.4683 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in
Secs. 63.4740, 63.4750, and 63.4760.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the compliance date is [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the compliance date is the date of initial startup of your
affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is the
date 3 years after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER].
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or 3 years after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.4710
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.
Emission Limitations
Sec. 63.4690 What emission limits must I meet?
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, you must limit
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the applicable
emission limit(s) in Table 1 to this subpart, determined according to
the requirements in Secs. 63.4741, 63.4751, or 63.4761.
(b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the applicable emission
limit(s) in Table 2 to this subpart, determined according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4741, Sec. 63.4751, or Sec. 63.4761.
(c) If the affected source applies coatings to products that are in
different subcategories as described in Sec. 63.4681(a), then you must
demonstrate initial and continuous compliance by conducting separate
compliance demonstrations for each applicable subcategory emission
limit and reflect these separate determinations in notifications,
reports, and records required by Secs. 63.4710, 63.4720, and 63.4730,
respectively.
Sec. 63.4691 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
You must include all coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials
used in the affected source when determining whether the organic HAP
emission rate is equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690. To make this determination, you must use at least one of
the three compliance options listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of
this section. You may apply any of the compliance options to an
individual coating operation or to multiple coating operations as a
group or to the entire affected source. You may use different
compliance options for different coating operations or at different
times on the same coating operation. However, you may not use different
compliance options at the same time on the same coating operation. If
you switch between compliance options for any coating operation or
group of coating operations, you must document this switch as required
by Sec. 63.4730(c), and you must report it in the next semiannual
compliance report required in Sec. 63.4720.
(a) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating used in the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit(s) in Sec. 63.4690, and that
each thinner and each cleaning material used contains no organic HAP.
You must meet all the requirements of Secs. 63.4740, 63.4741, and
63.4742 to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using this
option.
(b) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in the
coating operation(s), the organic HAP emission rate for the coating
operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit(s)
in Sec. 63.4690, calculated as a rolling 12-month emission rate and
determined on a monthly basis. You must meet all the requirements of
Secs. 63.4750, 63.4751, and 63.4752 to demonstrate compliance with the
emission limit using this option.
(c) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in the
coating operation(s) and the emission reductions achieved by emission
capture systems and add-on controls, the organic HAP emission rate for
the coating operation(s) is less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit(s) in Sec. 63.4690, calculated as a rolling 12-month
emission rate and determined on a monthly basis. If you use this
compliance option, you must also demonstrate that all emission capture
systems and add-on control devices for the coating operation(s) meet
the operating limits required in Sec. 63.4692, except for solvent
recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances
according to Sec. 63.4761(j), and that you meet the work practice
standards required in Sec. 63.4693. You must meet all the requirements
of Secs. 63.4760 through 63.4768 to demonstrate compliance with the
emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards using
this option.
Sec. 63.4692 What operating limits must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material
[[Page 42421]]
option or the emission rate without add-on controls option, you are not
required to meet any operating limits.
(b) For any controlled coating operation(s) on which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, except those for which you
use a solvent recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance according to Sec. 63.4761(j), you must meet the operating
limits specified in Table 3 to this subpart. These operating limits
apply to the emission capture and control systems on the coating
operation(s) for which you use this option, and you must establish the
operating limits during the performance test according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4767. You must meet the operating limits at all
times after you establish them.
(c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
Table 3 to this subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter
and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under
Sec. 63.8(f).
Sec. 63.4693 What work practice standards must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any work practice standards.
(b) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP
emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying of coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials used in, and waste materials generated
by, the coating operation(s); or you must meet an alternative standard
as provided in paragraph (d) of this section. The plan must specify
practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are
implemented. You must make the plan available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it.
(1) All organic-HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and
waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
(2) Spills of organic-HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials,
and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste
materials must be conveyed from one location to another in closed
containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP coatings and other
materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or mixing the
contents.
(5) Emissions of organic-HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) If your affected source has an existing documented plan that
incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the sources
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section, then your
existing plan can be used to meet the requirement for a work practice
plan as specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), may choose to grant you permission to use an
alternative to the work practice standards in this section.
General Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.4700 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option, as
specified in Sec. 63.4691(a) and (b), must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690 at all times.
(2) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the emission rate
with add-on controls option, as specified in Sec. 63.4691(c), must be
in compliance with the emission limitations as specified in paragraphs
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690 at all times, except during
periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(ii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
operating limits for emission capture systems and add-on control
devices required by Sec. 63.4692 at all times, except during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and except for solvent recovery
systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according
to Sec. 63.4761(j).
(iii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4693 at all times.
(b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source,
including all air pollution control and monitoring equipment you use
for purposes of complying with this subpart, according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device, you must maintain a log detailing the operation
and maintenance of the emission capture system, add-on control device,
and continuous parameter monitors during the period between the
compliance date specified for your affected source in Sec. 63.4683 and
the date when the initial emission capture system and add-on control
device performance tests have been completed, as specified in
Sec. 63.4760. This requirement does not apply to a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according
to Sec. 63.4761(j) in lieu of conducting performance tests.
(d) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device, you must develop and implement a written
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan must address startup, shutdown, and
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission
capture system or the add-on control device. The plan must also address
any coating operation equipment that may cause increased emissions or
that would affect capture efficiency if the process equipment
malfunctions, such as conveyors that move parts among enclosures.
Sec. 63.4701 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Table 4 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Secs. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.
Notifications, Reports, and Records
Sec. 63.4710 What notifications must I submit?
(a) General. You must submit the notifications in Secs. 63.7(b) and
(c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply to you by
the dates specified in those sections, except as provided in paragraphs
(b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the Initial Notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is later.
For an existing affected source, you must submit the Initial
Notification no later than 120 days after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
(c) Notification of compliance status. You must submit the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance
period described in Sec. 63.4740, Sec. 63.4750, or Sec. 63.4760 that
applies to your affected
[[Page 42422]]
source. The Notification of Compliance Status must contain the
information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) of this section
and in Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4740, Sec. 63.4750, or Sec. 63.4760 that applies
to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in
Sec. 63.4691 that you used on each coating operation in the affected
source during the initial compliance period.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690, include all the calculations you used to determine the
kilogram (kg) organic HAP emitted per liter of coating solids used
(pounds (lb) organic HAP emitted per gallon of coating solids used).
You do not need to submit information provided by the materials
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports.
(7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i)
through (iv) of this section that is required by the compliance
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit,
include an example of how you determined the value, including
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data can include a copy of
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example
coating or material or a summary of the results of testing conducted
according to Sec. 63.4741(a), (b), or (c). You do not need to submit
copies of any test reports.
(i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner,
and for one cleaning material.
(ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating.
(iii) Density for one coating, one thinner, and one cleaning
material, except that if you use the compliant material option, only
the example coating density is required.
(iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4751.
(8) The calculation of kg organic HAP emitted per liter coating
solids used (lb organic HAP emitted per gallon coating solids used) for
the compliance option(s) you used, as specified in paragraphs (c)(8)(i)
through (iii) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, provide an example
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating, using Equation
1 of Sec. 63.4741.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for each
month; the calculation of the total volume of coating solids used each
month; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C, 2, and 3, respectively, of
Sec. 63.4751.
(iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used each month, using
Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4751; the calculation of the
total volume of coating solids used each month, using Equation 2 of
Sec. 63.4751; the calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission
reduction each month by emission capture systems and add-on control
devices, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4761, and
Equations 2, 3, and 3A through 3C of Sec. 63.4761, as applicable; the
calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions each month,
using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4761, as applicable; and the calculation of
the 12-month organic HAP emission rate, using Equation 5 of
Sec. 63.4761.
(9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, you must
include the information specified in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv)
of this section, except that the requirements in paragraphs (c)(9)(i)
through (iii) of this section do not apply to solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4761(j).
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. Include a
description of the protocol followed for measuring capture efficiency,
summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and any
calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If you
use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit (LCL)
approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to show
you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of this
part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system and add-on control
device operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4693.
Sec. 63.4720 What reports must I submit?
(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements may be satisfied by
reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
Note that the information reported for each of the months in the
reporting period will be based on the last 12 months of data prior to
the date of each monthly calculation.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4740, Sec. 63.4750, or
Sec. 63.4760 that applies to your affected source and ends on June 30
or December 31, whichever occurs first following the end of the initial
compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR
[[Page 42423]]
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the
first and subsequent compliance reports according to the dates the
permitting authority has established instead of according to the date
specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a
semiannual compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as
part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual
compliance report includes all required information concerning
deviations from any emission limitation in this subpart, its submission
shall be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations
in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a
semiannual compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation
the affected source may have to report deviations from permit
requirements to the permitting authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (v)
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31. Note that the information reported for each of
the 6 months in the reporting period will be based on the last 12
months of data prior to the date of each monthly calculation.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified
in Sec. 63.4691 that you used on each coating operation during the
reporting period. If you switched between compliance options during the
reporting period, you must report the beginning and ending dates you
used each option.
(v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls or the
emission rate with add-on controls compliance option (Sec. 63.4691(b)
or (c)), the calculation results for each rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate during the 6-month reporting period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations in Secs. 63.4690, 63.4392, and 63.4393 that apply to you,
the semiannual compliance report must include a statement that there
were no deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting
period. If you used the emission rate with add-on controls option and
there were no periods during which the continuous parameter monitoring
systems (CPMS) were out-of-control as specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), the
semiannual compliance report must include a statement that there were
no periods during which the CPMS were out-of-control during the
reporting period.
(5) Deviations: compliant material option. If you used the
compliant material option, and there was a deviation from the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, the semiannual compliance
report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through
(iv) of this section.
(i) Identification of each coating used that deviated from the
emission limit, each thinner and cleaning material used that contained
organic HAP, and the dates and time periods each was used.
(ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content (using Equation 1
of Sec. 63.4741) for each coating identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of
this section. You do not need to submit background data supporting this
calculation (e.g., information provided by coating suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating, thinner, and cleaning material identified in paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section. You do not need to submit background data
supporting this calculation (e.g., information provided by material
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(6) Deviations: emission rate without add-on controls option. If
you used the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, the
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs
(a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4690.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation
occurred. You must provide the calculations for Equations 1, 1A through
1C, 2, and 3 in Sec. 63.4751; and if applicable, the calculation used
to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to
Sec. 63.4751(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data
supporting these calculations, (e.g., information provided by materials
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: emission rate with add-on controls option. If you
used the emission rate with add-on controls option and there was a
deviation from an emission limitation (including any periods when
emissions bypassed the add-on control device and were diverted to the
atmosphere), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (xiv) of this section. This
includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which
deviations occurred.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4690.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period in which a deviation occurred.
You must provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions for the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used each
month, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4751; and, if
applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in
waste materials according to Sec. 63.4751(e)(4); the calculation of the
total volume of coating solids used each month, using Equation 2 of
Sec. 63.4751; the calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission
reduction each month by emission capture systems and add-on control
devices, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4761, and
Equations 2, 3, and 3A through 3C of Sec. 63.4761, as applicable; the
calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions each month,
using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4761; and the calculation of the 12-month
organic HAP emission rate, using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4761. You do not
need to submit the background data supporting these calculations (e.g.,
information provided by materials suppliers or manufacturers, or test
reports).
(iii) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
[[Page 42424]]
(iv) A brief description of the CPMS.
(v) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(viii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 3 to this subpart; date and time period of any bypass of
the add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(ix) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 3 to this subpart, each bypass of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period, and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(x) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 3 to this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period by identifying
deviations due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems,
process problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xi) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(xii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control device since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xiii) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation, the date and time period of the
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xiv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use the emission rate with
add-on controls option, you must submit reports of performance test
results for emission capture systems and add-on control devices no
later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you used the
emission rate with add-on controls option and you had a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you
must submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If your actions were consistent with your startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan, you must include the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual compliance report required by paragraph
(a) of this section.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must submit an immediate startup,
shutdown, and malfunction report as described in paragraph (c)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified
in Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
Sec. 63.4730 What records must I keep?
You must collect and keep records of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is
a deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each
notification and report.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each
coating, thinner, and cleaning material and the volume fraction of
coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine
mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating
solids, you must keep a copy of the complete test report. If you use
information provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier of the
material that was based on testing, you must keep the summary sheet of
results provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier. You are not
required to obtain the test report or other supporting documentation
from the manufacturer or supplier.
(c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) A record of the coating operations at which you used each
compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending dates and
times) you used each option.
(2) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the organic HAP content for each coating, using Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4741.
(3) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used each month, using
Equations 1, 1A through 1C, and 2 of Sec. 63.4751; and, if applicable,
the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste
materials according to Sec. 63.4751(e)(4); the calculation of the total
volume of coating solids used each month, using Equation 2 of
Sec. 63.4751; and the calculation of each 12-month organic HAP emission
rate, using Equation 3 of Sec. 63.4751.
(4) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, records of
the calculations specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (v) of this
section.
(i) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for
the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used each month, using
Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4751; and, if applicable, the
calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials
according to Sec. 63.4751(e)(4).
(ii) The calculation of the total volume of coating solids used
each month, using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4751.
(iii) The calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
by emission capture systems and add-on control devices, using Equations
1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4761, and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through
3C of Sec. 63.4761, as applicable.
(iv) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions
each month, using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4761.
(v) The calculation of each 12-month organic HAP emission rate,
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4761.
(d) A record of the name and volume of each coating, thinner, and
cleaning material used during each compliance period.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating,
thinner, and cleaning material used during each compliance period.
(f) A record of the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each compliance period.
(g) A record of the density for each coating used during each
compliance period; and, if you use either the emission rate without
add-on controls or the emission rate with add-on controls compliance
option, the density for each thinner and cleaning material used during
each compliance period.
(h) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4751 for
organic HAP
[[Page 42425]]
contained in waste materials sent to or designated for shipment to a
treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) according to
Sec. 63.4751(e)(4), you must keep records of the information specified
in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste
materials for which you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4751;
a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262, 264, 265, and 266
apply to the facility; and the date of each shipment.
(2) Identification of the coating operations producing waste
materials included in each shipment and the month or months in which
you used the allowance for these materials in Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4751.
(3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.4751(e)(4) to
determine the total amount of waste materials sent to or the amount
collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF each month;
and the methodology to determine the mass of organic HAP contained in
these waste materials. This must include the sources for all data used
in the determination, methods used to generate the data, frequency of
testing or monitoring, and supporting calculations and documentation,
including the waste manifest for each shipment.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each
deviation.
(k) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must keep the records specified in paragraphs (k)(1) through (8) of
this section.
(1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each
operating limit specified in Table 3 to this subpart that applies to
you.
(4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in
Sec. 63.4765(a).
(5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Secs. 63.4764 and 63.4765(b) through (e),
including the records specified in paragraphs (k)(5)(i) through (iii)
of this section that apply to you.
(i) Records for a liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of
total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or F of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report. Records
documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met
the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a
temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
(ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or C
of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part
51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the
enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure.
(iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.4765(e), if applicable.
(6) The records specified in paragraphs (k)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination as specified in Sec. 63.4766.
(i) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Secs. 63.4764 and 63.4766.
(ii) Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on
control device performance test showing that the performance test was
conducted under representative operating conditions.
(7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.4767 and to document compliance with the operating
limits as specified in Table 3 to this subpart.
(8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4693,
and documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous
basis.
Sec. 63.4731 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for
5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep
the records off site for the remaining 3 years.
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
Sec. 63.4740 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements in
Sec. 63.4741. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4683 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. The initial compliance demonstration includes the
calculations according to Sec. 63.4741 and supporting documentation
showing that during the initial compliance period, you used no coating
with an organic HAP content that exceeded the applicable emission limit
in Sec. 63.4690, and that you used no thinners or cleaning materials
that contained organic HAP.
Sec. 63.4741 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
You may use the compliant material option for any individual
coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the affected
source, or for all the coating operations in the affected source. You
must use either the emission rate without add-on controls option or the
emission rate with add-on
[[Page 42426]]
controls option for any coating operation in the affected source for
which you do not use this option. To demonstrate initial compliance
using the compliant material option, the coating operation or group of
coating operations must use no coating with an organic HAP content that
exceeds the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690 and must use no
thinner or cleaning material that contains organic HAP as determined
according to this section. Any coating operation for which you use the
compliant material option is not required to meet the operating limits
or work practice standards required in Secs. 63.4692 and 63.4693,
respectively. To demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations using the compliant material option, you must meet all the
requirements of this section for the coating operation or group of
coating operations using this option. Use the procedures in this
section on each coating, thinner, and cleaning material in the
condition it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or
supplier and prior to any alteration. You do not need to redetermine
the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners, or cleaning materials
that have been reclaimed onsite and reused in the coating operation(s)
for which you use the compliant material option, provided these
materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply
with the compliant material option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during the compliance
period by using one of the options in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of
this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the
procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section
when performing a Method 311 test.
(i) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4), and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other organic
HAP compounds. For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is
measured to be 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not have to
count it. Express the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a
value truncated to four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
(ii) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g.,
0.763).
(2) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coatings, you may
use Method 24 to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile
matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic
HAP.
(3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit an
alternative test method for approval.
(4) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section,
such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic
HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined
carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4), and at 1.0 percent
by mass or more for other organic HAP compounds. For example, if
toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by
mass, you do not have to count it. If there is a disagreement between
such information and results of a test conducted according to
paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section, then the test method
results will take precedence.
(5) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in
these solvent blends listed in Table 5 or 6 to this subpart. If you use
the tables, you must use the values in Table 5 for all solvent blends
that match Table 5 entries, and you may only use Table 6 if the solvent
blends in the materials you use do not match any of the solvent blends
in Table 5 and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or
aromatic. However, if the results of a Method 311 test indicate higher
values than those listed on Table 5 or 6 to this subpart, the Method
311 results will take precedence.
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. You must determine the volume fraction of coating solids
(liters of coating solids per liter of coating) for each coating used
during the compliance period by a test or by information provided by
the supplier or the manufacturer of the material, as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. If test results obtained
according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section do not agree with the
information obtained under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the test
results will take precedence.
(1) ASTM Method D2697-86 (1998) or D6093-97. You may use ASTM
Method D2697-86 (1998) or D6093-97 to determine the volume fraction of
coating solids for each coating. Divide the nonvolatile volume percent
obtained with the methods by 100 to calculate volume fraction of
coating solids.
(2) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may obtain the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating
from the supplier or manufacturer.
(c) Determine the density of each coating. Determine the density of
each coating used during the compliance period from test results using
ASTM Method D1475-98 or information from the supplier or manufacturer
of the material. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98
test results and the supplier's or manufacturer's information, the test
results will take precedence.
(d) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating. Calculate
the organic HAP content, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids, of
each coating used during the compliance period, using Equation 1 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.000
Where:
Hc = organic HAP content of the coating, kg organic HAP per
liter coating solids.
Dc = density of coating, kg coating per liter coating,
determined according to paragraph (c) of this section.
Wc = mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating, kg organic
HAP per kg coating, determined according to paragraph (a) of this
section.
Vs = volume fraction of coating solids, liter coating solids
per liter coating, determined according to paragraph (b) of this
section.
(e) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP content for each
coating used during the initial compliance period, determined using
Equation 1 of this section, must be less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690; and each thinner and
cleaning material used during the initial compliance period must
contain no organic HAP, determined according to
[[Page 42427]]
paragraph (a) of this section. You must keep all records required by
Secs. 63.4730 and 63.4731. As part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required in Sec. 63.4710, you must identify the coating
operation(s) for which you used the compliant material option and
submit a statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance
period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content
exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, and you used no
thinners or cleaning materials that contained organic HAP, determined
according to paragraph (a) of this section.
Sec. 63.4742 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) For each compliance period to demonstrate continuous
compliance, you must use no coating for which the organic HAP content
determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4741, exceeds the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4690; and use no thinner or cleaning material
that contains organic HAP, determined according to Sec. 63.4741(a). A
compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month after the end of
the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4740 is the end of a
compliance period consisting of that month and the preceding 11 months.
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using
the compliant material option, the use of any coating, thinner, or
cleaning material that does not meet the criteria specified in
paragraph (a) of this section is a deviation from the emission
limitations that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4710(c)(6)
and 63.4720(a)(5).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by
Sec. 63.4720, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you
used the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from
the emission limitations in Sec. 63.4690, submit a statement that the
coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the reporting period because you used no coating for
which the organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690, and you used no thinner or cleaning material that
contained organic HAP, determined according to Sec. 63.4741(a).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4730 and
63.4731.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4750 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.4751. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4683 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations
according to Sec. 63.4751 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690.
Sec. 63.4751 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
You may use the emission rate without add-on controls option for
any individual coating operation, for any group of coating operations
in the affected source, or for all the coating operations in the
affected source. You must use either the compliant material option or
the emission rate with add-on controls option for any coating operation
in the affected source for which you do not use this option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate without add-on
controls option, the coating operation or group of coating operations
must meet the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690. Any coating
operation for which you use the emission rate without add-on controls
option is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice
standards required in Secs. 63.4692 and 63.4693, respectively. You must
meet all the requirements of this section to demonstrate initial
compliance with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690 for the
coating operation(s). When calculating the organic HAP emission rate
according to this section, do not include any coatings, thinners, or
cleaning materials used on coating operations for which you use the
compliant material option or the emission rate with add-on controls
option. You do not need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in
coatings, thinners, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed
onsite and reused in the coating operation(s) for which you use the
emission rate without add-on controls option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner,
and cleaning material used during each month according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4741(a).
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each month according to the requirements in
Sec. 63.4741(b).
(c) Determine the density of each material. Determine the density
of each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during each month
from test results using ASTM Method D1475-98, information from the
supplier or manufacturer of the material, or reference sources
providing density or specific gravity data for pure materials. If there
is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98 test results and such
other information sources, the test results will take precedence.
(d) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the
volume (liters) of each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used
during each month by measurement or usage records.
(e) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used during each month
minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials. Calculate it using
Equation 1 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.001
Where:
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions during the month,
kg.
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
C = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, kg, as calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
Rw = total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal
[[Page 42428]]
during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph (e)(4) of this
section. (You may assign a value of zero to Rw if you do not
wish to use this allowance.)
(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during
the month, using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.002
Where:
A = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, kg coating per liter coating.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg
organic HAP per kg coating.
M = number of different coatings used during the month.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during
the month, using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.003
Where:
B = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.
Dt,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg
organic HAP per kg thinner.
n = number of different thinners used during the month.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used during the month using Equation 1C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.004
Where:
C = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, kg.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month, liters.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg organic HAP per kg material.
p = number of different cleaning materials used during the month.
(4) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste
TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must determine it
according to paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) You may include in the determination only waste materials that
are generated by coating operations for which you use Equation 1 of
this section and that will be treated or disposed of by a facility
regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266. The TSDF
may be either off-site or on-site. You may not include organic HAP
contained in wastewater.
(ii) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the month or the amount collected and stored
during the month and designated for future transport to a TSDF. Do not
include in your determination any waste materials sent to a TSDF during
a month if you have already included them in the amount collected and
stored during that month or a previous month.
(iii) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the
waste materials specified in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iv) You may use any reasonable methodology to determine the amount
of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they contain, and
you must document your methodology as required in Sec. 63.4730(h). To
the extent that waste manifests include this information, they may be
used as part of the documentation of the amount of waste materials and
mass of organic HAP contained in them.
(f) Calculate the total volume of coating solids used. Determine
the total volume of coating solids used which is the combined volume of
coating solids for all the coatings used during each month, using
Equation 2 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.005
Where:
Vst = total volume of coating solids used during the month,
liters.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Vs,i = volume fraction of coating solids for coating, i,
liter solids per liter coating, determined according to
Sec. 63.4741(b).
m = number of coatings used during the month.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate. Calculate the organic
HAP emission rate for the 12-month compliance period, kg organic HAP
per liter coating solids used, using Equation 3 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.006
Where:
Hyr = organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month compliance
period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions, kg, from all
materials used during month, y, as calculated by Equation 1 of this
section.
Vst = total volume of coating solids used during month, y,
liters, as calculated by Equation 2 of this section.
y = identifier for months.
(h) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial 12-month compliance period, calculated using Equation 3 of this
section, must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690. You must keep all records as required by Secs. 63.4730
and 63.4731. As part of the Notification of Compliance Status required
by Sec. 63.4710, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which
you used the emission rate without add-on controls option and submit a
statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with
the emission limitations during the initial compliance period because
the organic HAP emission rate was less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, determined according to this section.
Sec. 63.4752 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, calculated using Equation 3 of
Sec. 63.4751, must be less than or equal to the applicable emission
limit in Sec. 63.4690. A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each
month after the end of the initial compliance period described in
Sec. 63.4750 is the end of a compliance period consisting of that month
and the preceding 11 months. You must perform the calculations in
Sec. 63.4751(a) through (g) on a monthly basis using data from the
previous 12 months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, this is
a deviation from the emission limitations for that compliance period
and must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4710(c)(6) and
63.4720(a)(6).
[[Page 42429]]
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by
Sec. 63.4720, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you
used the emission rate without add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, you must submit a statement
that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the
emission limitations during the reporting period because the organic
HAP emission rate for each compliance period was less than or equal to
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, determined according to
Sec. 63.4751(a) through (g).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4730 and
63.4731.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4760 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4683. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4761(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to Secs. 63.4764, 63.4765,
and 63.4766, and establish the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.4692 no later than 180 days after the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4683. For a solvent recovery system for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4761(j), you must initiate the first material balance no later
than 180 days after the applicable compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4683.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4693 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4683.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.4761. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4683 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Secs. 63.4764, 63.4765, and 63.4766; results of
liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4761(j);
calculations according to Sec. 63.4761 and supporting documentation
showing that during the initial compliance period, the organic HAP
emission rate was equal to or less than the emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690(a); the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.4768; and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by
Sec. 63.4693.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by
Sec. 63.4692 until after you have completed the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must
maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission
capture system, add-on control device, and continuous parameter
monitors during the period between the compliance date and the
performance test. You must begin complying with the operating limits
for your affected source on the date you complete the performance tests
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The requirements in this
paragraph do not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to the requirements
in Sec. 63.4761(j).
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4683. Except for solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4761(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Secs. 63.4764, 63.4765, and 63.4766 and establish the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.4692 no later than the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4683. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4761(j),
you must initiate the first material balance no later than the
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4683.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4693 no later than the compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.4683.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of
Sec. 63.4761. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4683 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate a 12-month
organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial 12-month compliance
period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the results of
emission capture system and add-on control device performance tests
conducted according to Secs. 63.4764, 63.4765, and 63.4766; results of
liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec. 63.4761(j);
calculations according to Sec. 63.4761 and supporting documentation
showing that during the initial compliance period the organic HAP
emission rate was equal to or less than the emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690(b); the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.4768; and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plan required by
Sec. 63.4693.
Sec. 63.4761 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
(a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the
affected source, or for all of the coating operations in the affected
source. You may include both controlled and uncontrolled coating
operations in a group for which you use this option. You must use
either the compliant material option or the emission rate without add-
on controls option for any coating operation in the affected source for
which you do not use the emission rate with add-on controls option. To
demonstrate initial compliance, the coating operation(s) for which you
use the emission rate with add-on controls option must meet the
applicable emission limitations in Secs. 63.4690, 63.4692, and 63.4693.
You must meet
[[Page 42430]]
all the requirements of this section to demonstrate initial compliance
with the emission limitations. When calculating the organic HAP
emission rate according to this section, do not include any coatings,
thinners, or cleaning materials used on coating operations for which
you use the compliant material option or the emission rate without add-
on controls option. You do not need to redetermine the mass of organic
HAP in coatings, thinners, or cleaning materials that have been
reclaimed and reused in the coating operation(s) for which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in
Sec. 63.4760(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which
you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to the
requirements of Sec. 63.4761(j), you must establish and demonstrate
continuous compliance during the initial compliance period with the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4692, using the procedures
specified in Secs. 63.4767 and 63.4768.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4693 during the initial compliance period, as
specified in Sec. 63.4730.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (e) through (n) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690.
(e) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, density, volume
used, and volume fraction of coating solids. Follow the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.4751(a) through (d) to determine the mass fraction
of organic HAP, density, and volume of each coating, thinner, and
cleaning material used during each month; and the volume fraction of
coating solids for each coating used during each month.
(f) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4751, calculate the total mass of
organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials used during each month in the coating
operation or group of coating operations for which you use the emission
rate with add-on controls option.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation. Determine the mass of organic HAP
emissions reduced for each controlled coating operation during each
month. The emission reduction determination quantifies the total
organic HAP emissions that pass through the emission capture system and
are destroyed or removed by the add-on control device. Use the
procedures in paragraph (h) of this section to calculate the mass of
organic HAP emission reduction for each controlled coating operation
using an emission capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances. For each controlled coating operation using a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance,
use the procedures in paragraph (j) of this section to calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction.
(h) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation not using liquid-liquid material balances.
For each controlled coating operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction, using Equation 1 of this section. The
calculation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials that are used in the coating
operation served by the emission capture system and add-on control
device during each month. For any period of time a deviation specified
in Sec. 63.4763(c) or (d) occurs in the controlled coating operation,
including a deviation during a period of startup, shutdown, or
malfunction, you must assume zero efficiency for the emission capture
system and add-on control device. Equation 1 of this section treats the
materials used during such a deviation as if they were used on an
uncontrolled coating operation for the time period of the deviation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.007
Where:
HC = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Ac = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Bc = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1B of this section.
Cc = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as
calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
Hunc = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners,
and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified in
Sec. 63.4763(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in the
controlled coating operation, kg, as calculated in Equation 1D of this
section.
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Secs. 63.4764 and 63.4765 to measure and record capture
efficiency.
DRE = organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Secs. 63.4764 and 63.4766 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.
(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.008
Where:
Ac, = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, kg.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = number of different coatings used.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.009
Where:
[[Page 42431]]
Bc = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.
Dt,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg per
kg.
n = number of different thinners used.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg, using
Equation 1C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.010
Where:
Cc = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month, liters.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg per kg.
p = number of different cleaning materials used.
(4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners,
and cleaning materials used in the controlled coating operation during
deviations specified in Sec. 63.4763(c) and (d), using Equation 1D of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.011
Where:
Hunc = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners,
and cleaning materials used during all deviations specified in
Sec. 63.4763(c) and (d) that occurred during the month in the
controlled coating operation, kg.
Volh = total volume of coating, thinner, or cleaning
material, h, used in the controlled coating operation during
deviations, liters.
Dh = density of coating, thinner, or cleaning material, h,
kg per liter.
Wh = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, thinner, or
cleaning material, h, kg organic HAP per kg coating.
q = number of different coatings, thinners, or cleaning materials.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction by applying the volatile organic matter
collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained
in the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials that are used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during each
month. Perform a liquid-liquid material balance for each month as
specified in paragraphs (j)(1) through (6) of this section. Calculate
the mass of organic HAP emission reduction by the solvent recovery
system as specified in paragraph (j)(7) of this section.
(1) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system each month. The device must be
initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within
2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic matter
recovered.
(2) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the month, kg, based on
measurement with the device required in paragraph (j)(1) of this
section.
(3) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for each
coating, thinner, and cleaning material used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, kg volatile
organic matter per kg coating. You may determine the volatile organic
matter mass fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an EPA approved alternative method, or you may use information provided
by the manufacturer or supplier of the coating. In the event of any
inconsistency between information provided by the manufacturer or
supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an approved alternative method, the test method results will govern.
(4) Determine the density of each coating, thinner, and cleaning
material used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during the month, kg per liter, according to
Sec. 63.4751(c).
(5) Measure the volume of each coating, thinner, and cleaning
material used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during the month, liters.
(6) Each month, calculate the solvent recovery system's volatile
organic matter collection and recovery efficiency, using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.012
Where:
RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the month, percent.
MVR = mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg.
Voli = volume of coating, i, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
Di = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
WVc,i = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
coating, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating.
Volj = volume of thinner, j, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
Dj = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
WVt,j = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
thinner, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg thinner.
Volk = volume of cleaning material, k, used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month,
liters.
Dk = density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
WVs,k = mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
cleaning material, k, kg volatile organic matter per kg cleaning
material.
m = number of different coatings used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
n = number of different thinners used in the coating operation
controlled by
[[Page 42432]]
the solvent recovery system during the month.
p = number of different cleaning materials used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
(7) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, using Equation 3 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.013
(Eq. 3)Where:
HCSR = mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 3A of this section.
BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
CCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, kg, calculated using Equation 3C of this section.
RV = volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of
this section.
(i) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 3A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.014
(Eq. 3A)Where:
ACSR = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Volc,i = total volume of coating, i, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
Dc,i = density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = number of different coatings used.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 3B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.015
(Eq. 3B)Where:
BCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Volt,j = total volume of thinner, j, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
Dt,j = density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg per
kg.
n = number of different thinners used.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, kg, using Equation 3C of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.016
(Eq. 3C)Where:
CCSR = total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, kg.
Vols,k = total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, liters.
Ds,k = density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg per kg.
p = number of different cleaning materials used.
(k) Calculate the total volume of coating solids used. Determine
the total volume of coating solids used, liters, which is the combined
volume of coating solids for all the coatings used during each month in
the coating operation or group of coating operations for which you use
the emission rate with add-on controls option, using Equation 2 of
Sec. 63.4751.
(l) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions for each month.
Determine the mass of organic HAP emissions, kg, during each month,
using Equation 4 of this section. (Eq. 4)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.017
Where:
HHAP = total mass of organic HAP emissions for the month,
kg.
He = total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used
during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph (f) of this
section.
HC,i = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
controlled coating operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid material
balance, during the month, kg, from Equation 1 of this section.
HCSR,j = total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
coating operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance, during the
[[Page 42433]]
month, kg, from Equation 3 of this section.
q = number of controlled coating operations not using a liquid-liquid
material balance.
r = number of coating operations controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance.
(m) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate for the 12-
month compliance period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids used,
using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.018
Where:
Hannual = organic HAP emission rate for the 12-month
compliance period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids.
HHAP,y = organic HAP emission rate for month, y, determined
according to Equation 4 of this section.
Vst,y = total volume of coating solids, liters, used during
month, y, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4751.
y = identifier for months.
(n) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance
with the emission limit, the organic HAP emission rate, calculated
using Equation 5 of this section, must be less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690. You must keep all records as
required by Secs. 63.4730 and 63.4731. As part of the Notification of
Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.4710, you must identify the
coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate with add-on
controls option and submit a statement that the coating operation(s)
was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations during the
initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission rate was
less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690,
and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec. 63.4692 and the
work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4693.
Sec. 63.4762 [Reserved]
Sec. 63.4763 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, the organic HAP emission rate for each
compliance period, calculated using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4761, must be
equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690. A
compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month after the end of
the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4760 is the end of a
compliance period consisting of that month and the preceding 11 months.
You must perform the calculations in Sec. 63.4761 on a monthly basis
using data from the previous 12 months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4690, this is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period and
must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4710(c)(6) and 63.4720(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.4692 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 3 to this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 3 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Secs. 63.4710(c)(6) and
63.4720(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 3 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation. For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4761(h),
you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled
coating operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating
operation for the time period of the deviation, as indicated in
Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4761.
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in
Sec. 63.4768(b) for controlled coating operations for which you do not
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line is opened
and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating operation
is running, this is a deviation that must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4710(c)(6) and 63.4720(a)(7). For the purposes of completing
the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.4761(h), you must
treat the materials used during a deviation on a controlled coating
operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating operation for
the time period of the deviation, as indicated in Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4761.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4693. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep
the records required by Sec. 63.4730(k)(8), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Secs. 63.4710(c)(6) and 63.4720(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in
Sec. 63.4720, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you
used the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement that you
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting
period because the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period
was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4690, and you achieved the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.4692 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4693
during each compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan
required by Sec. 63.4700(d).
(h) Consistent with Secs. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that
occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency are not
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that
you were operating in accordance with the startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan. The Administrator will determine whether deviations
that occur during a period you identify as a startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are violations, according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Secs. 63.4730 and
63.4731.
Sec. 63.4764 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec. 63.4760
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operation operating conditions. You must
conduct the performance test under representative operating conditions
for the coating operation. Operations during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, and during periods of nonoperation do not
constitute
[[Page 42434]]
representative conditions. You must record the process information that
is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and
explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4765. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4766. Sec. 63.4765 How do I determine the
emission capture system efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.4760.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met:
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in the
coating operation are applied within the capture system; coating
solvent flash-off and coating, curing, and drying occurs within the
capture system; and the removal or evaporation of cleaning materials
from the surfaces they are applied to occurs within the capture system.
For example, this criterion is not met if parts enter the open shop
environment when being moved between a spray booth and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours in duration or the length of a production run, whichever
is longer, up to 8 hours. For the purposes of this test, a production
run means the time required for a single part to go from the beginning
to the end of production, which includes surface preparation activities
and drying or curing time.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating
operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the emission
capture system. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure
and the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to
measure emission capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-
uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials are applied, and all areas where emissions from these applied
coatings and materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing,
and drying areas. The areas of the coating operation where capture
devices collect emissions for routing to an add-on control device, such
as the entrance and exit areas of an oven or spray booth, must also be
inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the applicable definition
of a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating,
thinner, and cleaning material used in the coating operation during
each capture efficiency test run. To make the determination, substitute
TVH for each occurrence of the term volatile organic compounds (VOC) in
the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation during each capture efficiency
test run.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.019
Where:
TVHused = mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHi = mass fraction of TVH in coating, thinner, or cleaning
material, i, that is used in the coating operation during the capture
efficiency test run, kg TVH per kg material.
Voli = total volume of coating, thinner, or cleaning
material, i, used in the coating operation during the capture
efficiency test run, liters.
Di = density of coating, thinner, or cleaning material, i,
kg material per liter material.
n = number of different coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used
in the coating operation during the capture efficiency test run.
(4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a temporary total enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency
measurement, all organic compound emitting operations inside the
building enclosure, other than the coating operation for which capture
efficiency is being determined, must be shut down, but all fans and
blowers must be operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.020
[[Page 42435]]
Where:
CE = capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHused = total mass of TVH liquid input used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg, determined according to paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured Use a temporary total enclosure or a building
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners, and cleaning
materials are applied, and all areas where emissions from these applied
coatings and materials subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing,
and drying areas. The areas of the coating operation where capture
devices collect emissions generated by the coating operation for
routing to an add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit
areas of an oven or a spray booth, must also be inside the enclosure.
The enclosure must meet the applicable definition of a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR
part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement,
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C of appendix M
to 40 CFR part 51 measurement must be upstream from the add-on control
device and must represent total emissions routed from the capture
system and entering the add-on control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in
each duct, and the total emissions entering the add-on control device
must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a temporary total enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency
measurement, all organic compound emitting operations inside the
building enclosure, other than the coating operation for which capture
efficiency is being determined, must be shut down, but all fans and
blowers must be operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.021
Where:
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHcaptured = Total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg, determined
according to paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
TVHuncaptured = Total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg, determined according to paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, you
may determine capture efficiency using any other capture efficiency
protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO
or LCL approach as described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.
Sec. 63.4766 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.4760.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3), and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight.
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, to determine
stack gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section. You must use the
[[Page 42436]]
same method for both the inlet and outlet measurements.
(1) Use Method 25 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer, and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be more than 50 parts per million (ppm) at
the control device outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is an oxidizer, and you expect the total gaseous organic
concentration as carbon to be 50 ppm or less at the control device
outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 if the add-on
control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet of each
device. For example, if one add-on control device is a concentrator
with an outlet for the high-volume, dilute stream that has been treated
by the concentrator, and a second add-on control device is an oxidizer
with an outlet for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated
with the oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the
oxidizer and the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.022
Where:
Mf = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/per
hour (h).
Cc = concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, parts per million
by volume (ppmv), dry basis.
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mol/m3) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury
(mmHg)).
(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency, using Equation 2 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21JN02.023
Where:
DRE = organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
Mfi = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
Mfo = total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.
Sec. 63.4767 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
During the performance test required by Sec. 63.4760 and described
in Secs. 63.4764, 63.4765, and 63.4766, you must establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4692 according to this section,
unless you have received approval for alternative monitoring and
operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.4692.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. This average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(4) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use the data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary,
adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must take corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendation and conduct a new performance test to
determine destruction efficiency according to Sec. 63.4766.
(c) Carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is a carbon
adsorber, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately
[[Page 42437]]
preceding or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle,
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrators. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the maximum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture system. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.4765(a), establish an
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 3 to this subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by
Sec. 63.4760 and described in Secs. 63.4764 and 63.4765, you must
monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure for each separate capture device in your emission
capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each of the three
test runs at a point in the duct between the capture device and the
add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device.
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.
Sec. 63.4768 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating operation is operating, except during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control
activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and required
zero and span adjustments).
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out-of-control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on
control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure monitoring. Ensure that any bypass line valve
is in the closed (non-diverting) position through monitoring of valve
position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating operation is stopped when flow is diverted by the
bypass line away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere when
the coating operation is running. You must inspect the automatic
shutdown system at least
[[Page 42438]]
once every month to verify that it will detect diversions of flow and
shut down the coating operation.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.4720.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those used with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to
treat desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, you must install a gas temperature
monitor in the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed, and if
you established operating limits according to Sec. 63.4767(b)(1) and
(2), also install a gas temperature monitor in the gas stream
immediately after the catalyst bed.
(i) If you establish operating limits according to
Sec. 63.4767(b)(1) and (2), then you must install the gas temperature
monitors both upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The
temperature monitors must be in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed to measure the temperature difference across the
bed.
(ii) If you establish operating limits according to
Sec. 63.4767(b)(3) and (4), then you must install a gas temperature
monitor upstream of the catalyst bed. The temperature monitor must be
in the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed to measure the
temperature.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (vii) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Carbon adsorbers. If you are using a carbon adsorber as an add-
on control device, you must monitor the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and cooling cycle,
and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and (d)(1) and (2) of
this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree
Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and must be capable of recording the
temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit,
whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrators. If you are using a concentrator, such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (f)(2)(i) through (vii) of
this section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Use a gauge with a minimum tolerance of 0.5 inch of water or
a transducer with a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure
range.
(iv) Check the pressure tap daily.
(v) Using a manometer, check gauge calibration quarterly and
transducer calibration monthly.
(vi) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity,
electrical connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for
leakage.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vi) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each
opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
[[Page 42439]]
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range or install a
new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
Other Requirements and Information
Sec. 63.4780 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the EPA, or
a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If
the Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or
tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the EPA, has the
authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact
your EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement
of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63,
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section
are retained by the Administrator and are not transferred to the State,
local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section:
(1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards under
Sec. 63.4693.
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under
Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f)
and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major changes to recordkeeping and reporting under
Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
Sec. 63.4781 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2,
the General Provisions of this part, and in this section as follows:
Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
Adhesive means any chemical substance that is applied for the
purpose of bonding two surfaces together.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency or capture system efficiency means the portion
(expressed as a percentage) of the pollutants from an emission source
that is delivered to an add-on control device.
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating operation in the use of
coatings or cleaning materials, both at the point of application and at
subsequent points where emissions from the coatings or cleaning
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a
coating operation are considered a single capture system.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other materials, such as dirt, grease, oil, and dried or wet coating
(e.g., depainting), from a substrate before or after coating
application or from equipment associated with a coating operation, such
as spray booths, spray guns, racks, tanks, and hangers. Thus, it
includes any cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means a material applied to a substrate for decorative,
protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, paints, sealants, caulks, inks, adhesives, and maskants.
Decorative, protective, or functional materials that consist only of
protective oils for metal, acids, bases, or any combination of these
substances are not considered coatings for the purposes of this
subpart.
Coating operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials
to a substrate to prepare it for coating application or to remove dried
coating (surface preparation); to apply coating to a substrate (coating
application) and to dry or cure the coating after application; or to
clean coating operation equipment (equipment cleaning). A single
coating operation may include any combination of these types of
equipment, but always includes at least the point at which a coating or
cleaning material is applied and all subsequent points in the affected
source where organic HAP emissions from that coating or cleaning
material occur. There may be multiple coating operations in an affected
source. Coating application with hand-held nonrefillable aerosol
containers, touchup markers, or marking pens is not a coating operation
for the purposes of this subpart.
Coating solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating that
makes up the dry film.
Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment
that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability
requirements of this subpart used to sample, condition (if applicable),
analyze, and provide a record of coating operation, or capture system,
or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating operation means a coating operation from which
some or all of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limit, or operating
limit, or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limit, or operating limit, or work
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or
malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by
this subpart.
Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice standard.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Finished wood product means any wood building product to which a
protective, decorative, or functional layer has been applied. Materials
used include, but are not limited to, paints, stains, sealers,
topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives.
Laminated wood product means any wood building product to which a
protective, decorative, or functional layer has been bonded with an
adhesive. Products that are produced by bonding layers to the substrate
as a part of the substrate manufacturing process are not considered
laminated products under this subpart.
[[Page 42440]]
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
coating) that are supplied by the material manufacturer based on
knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture that material, rather
than based on testing of the material with the test methods specified
in Sec. 63.4741. Manufacturer's formulation data may include, but are
not limited to, information on density, organic HAP content, volatile
organic matter content, and coating solids content.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as kg
of organic HAP per kg of material.
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per volume of
coating solids for a coating calculated using Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4741. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating in
the condition it is in when received from its manufacturer or supplier
and does not account for any alteration after receipt.
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Protective oil means an organic material that is applied to metal
for the purpose of providing lubrication or protection from corrosion
without forming a solid film. This definition of protective oil
includes, but is not limited to, lubricating oils, evaporative oils
(including those that evaporate completely), and extrusion oils.
Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products,
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained
personnel, and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online
in a facility.
Surface preparation means use of a cleaning material on a portion
of or all of a substrate. This includes use of a cleaning material to
remove dried coating, which is sometimes called ``depainting.''
Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
Thinner means an organic solvent that is added to a coating after
the coating is received from the supplier.
Tileboard means hardboard that meets the specifications for Class I
given by the standard ANSI/AHA A135.4-1995 as approved by the American
National Standards Institute. The standard specifies requirements and
test methods for water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of
rupture, tensile strength, surface finish, dimensions, squareness, edge
straightness, and moisture content for five classes of hardboard.
Tileboard is also known as Class I hardboard or tempered hardboard.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic matter determined according to Methods 204
and 204A through 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting
the term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The
TVH includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Uncontrolled coating operation means a coating operation from which
none of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Volume fraction of coating solids means the ratio of the volume of
coating solids (also known as volume of nonvolatiles) to the volume of
coating; liters of coating solids per liter of coating.
Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating operation and
is collected, stored, or treated prior to being discarded or
discharged.
Tables
You must comply with the emission limits that apply to your
affected source in the following table as required by Sec. 63.4690:
Table 1 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Emission Limits for New or
Reconstructed Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then, the
organic HAP
emission limit
for the
If the affected source applies coating to products in affected
the following subcategory . . . source, in kg
HAP/liter
solids (lb HAP/
gal solids)1,
2 is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Doors and windows.................................... 0.06 (0.48)
2. Flooring............................................. 0.00 (0.00)
3. Interior wall paneling or tileboard.................. 0.00 (0.04)
4. Other interior panels................................ 0.00 (0.00)
5. Exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous........ 0.00 (0.00)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Determined as a rolling 12-month emission rate according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4741, Sec. 63.4751, or Sec. 63.4761, as
applicable.
\2\ If the affected source applies coatings to products in more than one
of the subcategories listed in the table, then you must determine the
applicable emission limit according to Sec. 63.4690(c).
You must comply with the emission limits that apply to your
affected source in the following table as required by Sec. 63.4690:
Table 2 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Emission Limits for Existing
Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then, the
organic HAP
emission limit
for the
If the affected source applies coating to products in affected
the following subcategory . . . source, in kg
HAP/liter
solids (lb HAP/
gal solids)1,
2 is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Doors and windows.................................... 0.17 (1.45)
2. Flooring............................................. 0.09 (0.78)
3. Interior wall paneling or tileboard.................. 0.18 (1.53)
4. Other interior panels................................ 0.00 (0.01)
5. Exterior siding, doorskins, and miscellaneous........ 0.01 (0.06)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Determined as a rolling 12-month emission rate according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4741, Sec. 63.4751, or Sec. 63.4761, as
applicable.
2 If the affected source applies coatings to products in more than one
of the subcategories listed in the table, then you must determine the
applicable emission limit according to Sec. 63.4690(c).
If you are required to comply with operating limits by
Sec. 63.4692, you must comply with the applicable operating limits in
the following table:
[[Page 42441]]
Table 3 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Operating Limits If Using the
Emission Rate With Add-On Controls Option
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And you must
demonstrate
You must meet the continuous
For the following device . . following operating compliance with the
. limit . . . operating limit by .
. .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thermal oxidizer......... a. The average i. Collecting the
combustion combustion
temperature in any temperature data
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not fall below the 63.4768(c);
combustion ii. Reducing the
temperature limit data to 3-hour
established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. Maintaining the
63.4767(a). 3-hour average
combustion
temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
2. Catalytic oxidizer....... a. The average i. Collecting the
temperature temperature data
measured just according to Sec.
before the catalyst 63.4768(c);
bed in any 3-hour ii. Reducing the
period must not data to 3-hour
fall below the block averages; and
limit established iii. Maintaining the
according to Sec. 3-hour average
63.4767(b). temperature before
the catalyst bed at
or above the
temperature limit.
b. Either ensure i. Either collecting
that the average the temperature
temperature data according to
difference across Sec. 63.4768(c),
the catalyst bed in reducing the data
any 3-hour period to 3-hour block
does not fall below averages, and
the temperature maintaining the 3-
difference limit hour average
established temperature
according to Sec. difference at or
63.4767(b)(2) or above the
develop and temperature
implement an difference limit;
inspection and or
maintenance plan ii. Complying with
according to Sec. the inspection and
63.4767(b)(3) and maintenance plan
(4). developed according
to Sec.
63.4767(b)(3) and
(4).
3. Carbon adsorber.......... a. The total i. Measuring the
regeneration total regeneration
desorbing gas desorbing gas
(e.g., steam or (e.g., steam or
nitrogen) mass flow nitrogen) mass flow
for each carbon bed for each
regeneration cycle regeneration cycle
must not fall below according to Sec.
the total 63.4768(d); and
regeneration ii. Maintaining the
desorbing gas mass total regeneration
flow limit desorbing gas mass
established flow at or above
according to Sec. the mass flow
63.4767(c). limit.
b. The temperature i. Measuring the
of the carbon bed, temperature of the
after completing carbon bed, after
each regeneration completing each
and any cooling regeneration and
cycle, must not any cooling cycle,
exceed the carbon according to Sec.
bed temperature 63.4768(d); and
limit established ii. Operating the
according to Sec. carbon beds such
63.4767(c). that each carbon
bed is not returned
to service until
completing each
regeneration and
any cooling cycle
until the recorded
temperature of the
carbon bed is at or
below the
temperature limit.
4. Condenser................ a. The average i. Collecting the
condenser outlet condenser outlet
(product side) gas (product side) gas
temperature in any temperature
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not exceed the 63.4768(e);
temperature limit ii. Reducing the
established data to 3-hour
according to Sec. block averages; and
63.4767(d). iii. Maintaining the
3-hour average gas
temperature at the
outlet at or below
the temperature
limit.
5. Emission capture system a. The direction of i. Collecting the
that is a PTE according to the air flow at all direction of air
Sec. 63.4765(a). times must be into flow; and either
the enclosure; and the facial velocity
either. of air through all
natural draft
openings according
to Sec.
63.4768(f)(1) or
the pressure drop
across the
enclosure according
to Sec.
63.4768(f)(2); and
ii. Maintaining the
facial velocity of
air flow through
all natural draft
openings or the
pressure drop at or
above the facial
velocity limit or
pressure drop
limit, and
maintaining the
direction of air
flow into the
enclosure at all
times.
b. The average i. See items 5a.i.
facial velocity of and ii.
air through all
natural draft
openings in the
enclosure must be
at least 200 feet
per minute; or.
c. The pressure drop i. See items 5a.i.
across the and ii.
enclosure must be
at least 0.007 inch
H2O, as established
in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40
CFR part 51.
[[Page 42442]]
6. Emission capture system a. The average gas i. collecting the
that is not a PTE according volumetric flow gas volumetric flow
to Sec. 63.4765(a). rate or duct static rate or duct static
pressure in each pressure for each
duct between a capture device
capture device and according to Sec.
add-on control 63.4768(f);
device inlet in any ii. Reducing the
3-hour period must data to 3-hour
not fall below the block averages; and
average volumetric iii. Maintaining the
flow rate or duct 3-hour average gas
static pressure volumetric flow
limit established rate or duct static
for that capture pressure for each
device according to capture device at
Sec. 63.4747(e). or above the gas
volumetric flow
rate or duct static
pressure limit.
7. Concentrators, including a. The average gas i. Collecting the
zeolite wheels and rotary temperature of the temperature data
carbon adsorbers. desorption according to Sec.
concentrate stream 63.4768(g);
in any 3-hour ii. Reducing the
period must not data to 3-hour
fall below the block averages; and
limit established iii. Maintaining the
according to Sec. 3-hour average
63.4767(g). temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
b. The average i. Collecting the
pressure drop of pressure drop data
the dilute stream according to Sec.
across the 63.4768(g); and
concentrator in any ii. Reducing the
3-hour period must pressure drop data
not fall below the to 3-hour block
limit established averages; and
according to Sec. iii. Maintaining the
63.4767(g). 3-hour average
pressure drop at or
above the pressure
drop limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:
Table 4 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable to subpart
Citation Subject QQQQ Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(14)................ General Applicability.. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3)................. Initial Applicability Yes Applicability to
Determination. subpart QQQQ is also
specified in Sec.
63.4681.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(c)(1)..................... Applicability After Yes.
Standard Established.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(c)(2)-(3)................. Applicability of Permit No..................... Area sources are not
Program for Area subject to subpart
Sources. QQQQ.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(c)(4)-(5)................. Extensions and Yes.
Notifications.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(e)........................ Applicability of Permit Yes.
Program Before
Relevant Standard is
Set.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.2........................... Definitions............ Yes.................... Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.4781.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c).................... Units and Abbreviations Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5)................. Prohibited Activities.. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c).................... Circumvention/ Yes.
Severability.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.5(a)........................ Construction/ Yes.
Reconstruction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6)................. Requirements for Yes.
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.5(d)........................ Application for Yes.
Approval of
Construction/
Reconstruction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.5(e)........................ Approval of Yes.
Construction/
Reconstruction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 42443]]
Sec. 63.5(f)........................ Approval of Yes.
Construction/
Reconstruction Based
on Prior State Review.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(a)........................ Compliance With Yes.
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--
Applicability.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7)................. Compliance Dates for Yes Sec. 63.4683 specifies
New and Reconstructed the compliance dates.
Sources.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5)................. Compliance Dates for Yes Sec. 63.4683 specifies
Existing Sources. the compliance dates.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2)................. Operation and Yes.
Maintenance.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(e)(3)..................... Startup, Shutdown, and Yes Only sources using an
Malfunction Plan. add-on control device
to comply with the
standard must complete
startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plans.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(f)(1)..................... Compliance Except Yes Applies only to sources
during Startup, using an add-on
Shutdown, and control device to
Malfunction. comply with the
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3)................. Methods for Determining Yes.
Compliance.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3)................. Use of an Alternative Yes.
Standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(h)........................ Compliance With Opacity/ No Subpart QQQQ does not
Visible Emission establish opacity
Standards. standards and does not
require continuous
opacity monitoring
systems (COMS).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(i)(1)-(16)................ Extension of Compliance Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.6(j)........................ Presidential Compliance Yes.
Exemption.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(a)(1)..................... Performance Test Yes Applies to all affected
Requirements-- sources. Additional
Applicability. requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Secs.
63.4764, 63.4765, and
63.4766.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(a)(2)..................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Sec. 63.4760
specifies the schedule
for performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(a)(3)..................... Performance Tests Yes.
Required by the
Administrator.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements-- performance tests for
Notification, Quality capture system and add-
Assurance, Facilities on control device
Necessary for Safe efficiency at sources
Testing, Conditions using these to comply
During Test. with the standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.7(f)........................ Performance Test Yes.................... Applies to all test
Requirements--Use of methods except those
Alternative Test used to determine
Method. capture system
efficiency.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 42444]]
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h).................... Performance Test Yes.................... Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and add-
Recordkeeping, on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3)................. Monitoring Requirements- Yes.................... Applies only to
-Applicability. monitoring of capture
system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
63.4768.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(a)(4)..................... Additional Monitoring No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(b)........................ Conduct of Monitoring.. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)-(3)................. Continuous Monitoring Yes.................... Applies only to
System (CMS) Operation monitoring of capture
and Maintenance. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
63.4768.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(4)..................... CMSs................... No..................... Sec. 63.4768 specifies
the requirements for
the operation of CMS
for capture systems
and add-on control
devices at sources
using these to comply.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(5)..................... COMS................... No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(6)..................... CMS Requirements....... No..................... Sec. 63.4768 specifies
the requirements for
monitoring systems for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(7)..................... CMS Out-of-Control Yes. .......................
Periods.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(c)(8)..................... CMS out-of-control No..................... Sec. 63.4720 requires
periods reporting. reporting of CMS out-
of-control periods.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(d)-(e).................... Quality Control Program No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
and CMS Performance require the use of
Evaluation. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5)................. Use of an Alternative Yes. .......................
Monitoring Method.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(f)(6)..................... Alternative to Relative No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Accuracy Test. require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5)................. Data Reduction......... No..................... Secs. 63.4767 and
63.4768 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d).................... Notification Yes. .......................
Requirements.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 42445]]
Sec. 63.9(e)........................ Notification of Yes.................... Applies only to capture
Performance Test. system and add-on
control device
performance tests at
sources using these to
comply with the
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(f)........................ Notification of Visible No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Emissions/Opacity Test. have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3)................. Additional No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Notifications When require the use of
Using CMS. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(h)........................ Notification of Yes.................... Sec. 63.4710 specifies
Compliance Status. the dates for
submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(i)........................ Adjustment of Submittal Yes. .......................
Deadlines.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.9(j)........................ Change in Previous Yes. .......................
Information.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(a)....................... Recordkeeping/Reporting- Yes. .......................
-Applicability and
General Information.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(1).................... General Recordkeeping Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Secs.
63.4730 and 63.4731.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v)............. Recordkeeping Relevant Yes.................... Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, Startup, Shutdown, and
and Malfunction Malfunction records
Periods and CMS. only apply to add-on
control devices used
to comply with the
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi)........... ....................... Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii)............... Records................ Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii).............. ....................... No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv)............... ....................... Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(b)(3).................... Recordkeeping Yes.
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6)................ Additional Yes.
Recordkeeping
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8)................ ....................... No..................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.4720(a)(7).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15)............... ....................... Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(1).................... General Reporting Yes.................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
63.4720.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).................... Report of Performance Yes.................... Additional requirements
Test Results. are specified in Sec.
63.4720(b).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(3).................... Reporting Opacity or No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Visible Emissions require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(d)(4).................... Progress Reports for Yes.
Sources With
Compliance Extensions.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 42446]]
Sec. 63.10(d)(5).................... Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.................... Applies only to add-on
Malfunction Reports. control devices at
sources using these to
comply withthe
standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2)................ Additional CMS Reports. No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoringsystems.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(e)(3).................... Excess Emissions/CMS No..................... Sec. 63.4720(b)
Performance Reports. specifies the contents
of periodic compliance
reports.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(e)(4).................... COMS Data Reports...... No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.10(f)....................... Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes.
Waiver.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.11.......................... Control Device No..................... Subpart QQQQ does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.12.......................... State Authority and Yes.
Delegations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.13.......................... Addresses.............. Yes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.14.......................... Incorporation by Yes.
Reference.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.15.......................... Availability of Yes.
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:
Table 5 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Solvent/solvent blend CAS. No. organic HAP Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
mass fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene....................... 108-88-3 1.0 Toluene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Xylene(s)..................... 1330-20-7 1.0 Xylenes, ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Hexane........................ 110-54-3 0.5 n-hexane.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. n-Hexane...................... 110-54-3 1.0 n-hexane.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Ethylbenzene.................. 100-41-4 1.0 Ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Aliphatic 140................. .............. 0 None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Aromatic 100.................. .............. 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Aromatic 150.................. .............. 0.09 Naphthalene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Aromatic naphtha.............. 64742-95-6 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Aromatic solvent............. 64742-94-5 0.1 Naphthalene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Exempt mineral spirits....... 8032-32-4 0 None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Ligroines (VM & P)........... 8032-32-4 0 None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Lactol spirits............... 64742-89-6 0.15 Toluene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Low aromatic white spirit.... 64742-82-1 0 None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Mineral spirits.............. 64742-88-7 0.01 Xylenes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Hydrotreated naphtha......... 64742-48-9 0 None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 42447]]
17. Hydrotreated light distillate 64742-47-8 0.001 Toluene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. Stoddard solvent............. 8052-41-3 0.01 Xylenes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. Super high-flash naphtha..... 64742-95-6 0.05 Xylenes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. Varsol [supreg] solvent...... 8052-49-3 0.01 0.5% xylenes, 0.5% ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. VM & P naphtha............... 64742-89-8 0.06 3% toluene, 3% xylene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. Petroleum distillate mixture. 68477-31-6 0.08 4% naphthalene, 4% biphenyl.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:
Table 6 to Subpart QQQQ of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groupsa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Solvent type organic HAP Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
mass fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphaticb...................... 0.03 1% xylene, 1% toluene, and 1% ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aromaticc....................... 0.06 4% xylene, 1% toluene, and 1% ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the solvent blends in Table 5 to this subpart
and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
b e.g., Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon,
Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent Naphtha,
Solvent Blend.
c e.g., Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Light Aromatic Solvent.
[FR Doc. 02-14034 Filed 6-20-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P