[Federal Register Volume 69, Number 80 (Monday, April 26, 2004)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 22602-22661]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 04-8215]
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Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Parts 63, 264 and 265
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 80 / Monday, April 26, 2004 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 22602]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 63, 264 and 265
[OAR-2002-0093; FRL-7630-9]
RIN 2060-AG99
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This action promulgates national emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for automobile and light-duty truck
surface coating operations located at major sources of hazardous air
pollutants (HAP). The final rule implements section 112(d) of the Clean
Air Act (CAA) by requiring these operations to meet HAP emission
standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control
technology (MACT). The final rule will protect air quality and promote
the public health by reducing emissions of HAP from facilities in the
automobile and light-duty truck surface coating source category. The
primary HAP emitted by these operations are toluene, xylene, glycol
ethers, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK),
ethylbenzene, and methanol. The final standards are expected to reduce
nationwide organic HAP emissions from major sources in this source
category by approximately 60 percent.
This action also amends the Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal
Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM) and the
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subpart PPPP) to clarify the interaction between these rules and the
Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR
part 63, subpart IIII).
Additionally, this action amends the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) Air Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks at 40
CFR parts 264 and 265, subparts BB, for owners and operators of
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities to exempt
air emissions from certain activities covered by the final NESHAP from
these RCRA standards.
DATES: The final rule is effective June 25, 2004. The incorporation by
reference of certain publications listed in the final rule is approved
by the Director of the Federal Register as of June 25, 2004.
ADDRESSES: Docket. Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-
2001-22 are located at the EPA Docket Center, EPA West (6102T), 1301
Constitution Avenue, NW., Room B-102, Washington, DC 20460.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. David Salman, Coatings and
Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division (C539-03), U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-0859;
facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail address:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulated Entities. Categories and entities
potentially regulated by this action are listed by North American
Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes listed in Table 1.
Table 1.--Categories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Final
Standards
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Examples of
Category NAICS potentially
regulated entities
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Industry........................ 336111, 336112, Automobile and
336211. light-duty truck
assembly plants,
producers of
automobile and
light-duty truck
bodies.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your coating operation is regulated by
this action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.3081 of the final rule.
Docket. The EPA has established an official public docket for this
action under Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22.
The official public docket consists of the documents specifically
referenced in this action, any public comments received, and other
information related to this action. All items may not be listed under
both docket numbers, so interested parties should inspect both docket
numbers to ensure that they have received all materials relevant to the
final rule. Although a part of the official docket, the public docket
does not include Confidential Business Information or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. The official public docket
is the collection of materials that is available for public viewing at
the EPA Docket Center, EPA West, Room B-102, 1301 Constitution Avenue,
NW., Washington, DC 20460. The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is
open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding
legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading Room is (202) 566-
1744, and the telephone number for the Docket is (202) 566-1742. A
reasonable fee may be charged for copying docket materials.
Electronic Docket Access. You may access this Federal Register
document electronically through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal
Register'' listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr.
An electronic version of the public docket is available through
EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, EPA Dockets. You may
use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/ to view public comments,
access the index listing of the contents of the official public docket,
and to access those documents in the public docket that are available
electronically. Although not all docket materials may be available
electronically, you may still access any of the publicly available
docket materials through the docket facility identified above. Once in
the system, select ``search,'' then key in the appropriate docket
identification number.
WorldWide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of the final rule will be available on the WWW.
Following the Administrator's signature, a copy of the final rule will
be posted at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg on EPA's Technology Transfer
Network (TTN) policy and guidance page for newly proposed or
promulgated rules. The TTN provides information and technology exchange
in various areas of air pollution control. If more information
regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Judicial Review. Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, judicial
review of the final rule is available only by the filing of a petition
for review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit by June 25, 2004. Under section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA, only
an objection to the rule that was
[[Page 22603]]
raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment
can be raised during judicial review. Under section 307(b)(2) of the
CAA, the requirements established by the final rule may not be
challenged separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by
EPA to enforce these requirements.
Outline: The following outline is provided to aid in reading the
preamble to the final rule:
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
B. What Criteria are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
C. What are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What are the
Emissions?
D. What are the Health Effects Associated with Organic HAP
Emissions from the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-duty
Trucks?
II. Summary of the Final Rule
A. What Source Categories are Affected by the Final Rule?
B. What is the Relationship to Other Rules?
C. What is the Affected Source?
D. What are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other
Standards?
E. What are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
F. What are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
G. What are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
III. What are the Significant Changes Since Proposal?
A. Applicability
B. Compliance Demonstration and Monitoring
C. Analytical Methods
D. Notifications and Recordkeeping
E. Definitions
IV. What are the Responses to Significant Comments?
A. Applicability
B. Compliance Demonstration, Monitoring, and Emission Limits
C. Analytical Methods
D. Notifications, Reports, and Recordkeeping
E. Definitions
F. Amendment of RCRA Rule
G. Risk Based Approaches
V. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the Air Impacts?
B. What are the Cost Impacts?
C. What are the Economic Impacts?
D. What are the Non-air Health, Environmental, and Energy
Impacts?
VI. How Will the Amendments to 40 CFR parts 264 and 265, Subparts
BB, of the Hazardous Waste Regulations be Implemented in the States?
A. Applicability of Federal Rules in Authorized States
B. Authorization of States for Today's Amendments
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
J. Congressional Review Act
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The surface
coating of automobiles and light-duty trucks category of major sources
was listed on July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576). Major sources of HAP are
those that emit or have the potential to emit equal to or greater than
9.1 megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (10 tons per year (tpy)) of any one HAP
or 22.7 Mg/yr (25 tpy) of any combination of HAP.
B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
Section 112(c)(2) of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for
the control of HAP from both new and existing major sources, based upon
the criteria set out in section 112(d). The CAA requires the NESHAP to
reflect the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of HAP that is
achievable, taking into consideration the cost of achieving the
emission reduction, any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements. This level of control is commonly
referred to as MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new sources, the
MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the emission control that is
achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT
standards for existing sources can be less stringent than standards for
new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average
emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of
existing sources in the category or subcategory (or the best-performing
five sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than 30
sources).
In developing the final NESHAP, we considered control options that
are more stringent than the MACT floor, taking into account
consideration of the cost of achieving the emission reduction, any non-
air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy requirements.
In the final rule, EPA is promulgating standards for both existing and
new sources consistent with these statutory requirements.
C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?
HAP emission sources. Emissions from coating application, drying,
and curing account for most of the HAP emissions from automobile and
light-duty truck surface coating operations. The remaining emissions
are primarily from cleaning of booths and application equipment and
purging of spray equipment. Mixing and storage are other sources of
emissions. Organic HAP emissions can occur from displacement of organic
vapor-laden air in containers used to store organic HAP solvents or to
mix coatings containing organic HAP solvents. The displacement of
vapor-laden air can occur during the filling of containers and can be
caused by changes in temperature or barometric pressure, or by
agitation during mixing. In most cases, HAP emissions from surface
preparation and waste/wastewater operations are relatively small.
Organic HAP. The final NESHAP regulate emissions of organic HAP.
Available emission data collected during the development of the NESHAP
show that the primary organic HAP emitted from automobile and light-
duty truck surface coating operations are toluene, xylene, glycol
ethers, MEK, MIBK, ethylbenzene, and methanol. These compounds account
for over 95 percent of the nationwide HAP emissions from this source
category.
Inorganic HAP. Based on information reported during the development
of the NESHAP, lead, manganese, and chromium may be contained in some
of the coatings used by this source category but are not likely to be
emitted due to the coating application techniques used. No inorganic
HAP were reported in thinners or cleaning materials. The only use of
lead in coatings in this source category is in electrodeposition
primers. None of this lead is emitted because these primers are applied
by dip coating. Lead is being
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phased out of electrodeposition primers. For spray applied coatings,
most of the inorganic HAP components remain as solids in the dry
coating film on the parts being coated, are collected by the
circulating water under the spray booth floor grates, or are deposited
on the walls, floor, and grates of the spray booths and other equipment
in which they are applied. Therefore, inorganic HAP emission levels are
expected to be very low and have not been quantified.
D. What Are the Health Effects Associated With Organic HAP Emissions
From the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks?
The HAP to be controlled with the final rule are associated with a
variety of adverse health effects. Some of the potential toxic effects
include effects to the central nervous system, such as fatigue, nausea,
tremors, and lack of coordination; adverse effects on the liver,
kidneys, and blood; respiratory effects; and developmental effects.
The degree of adverse effects to human health from exposure to HAP
can range from mild to severe. The extent and degree to which the human
health effects may be experienced are dependent upon (1) The ambient
concentration observed in the area (as influenced by emission rates,
meteorological conditions, and terrain); (2) the frequency and duration
of exposures; (3) characteristics of exposed individuals (genetics,
age, preexisting health conditions, and lifestyle), which vary
significantly with the population; and (4) pollutant-specific
characteristics (toxicity, half-life in the environment,
bioaccumulation, and persistence).
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by these emission standards for this source
category, and the people living around the facilities, that would be
necessary to conduct a detailed analysis to determine the actual
population exposures to the organic HAP emitted from these facilities
and potential for resultant health effects. We did conduct a rough risk
assessment which indicated that both the baseline level of adverse
health effects and the effect of the final rule on human health are
small. This rough risk assessment is discussed further later in this
preamble and is available in the docket.
II. Summary of the Final Rule
A. What Source Categories Are Affected by the Final Rule?
The final rule applies to you if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec.
63.3082, that is located at a facility which applies topcoat to new
automobile or new light-duty truck bodies or body parts for new
automobiles or new light-duty trucks, and that is a major source, is
located at a major source, or is part of a major source of emissions of
HAP. Body part is defined in the final rule to mean exterior parts such
as hoods, fenders, doors, roof, quarter panels, decklids, tail gates,
and cargo beds. Body parts were traditionally made of sheet metal, but
now are also made of plastic. Bumpers, fascia, and cladding are not
body parts. Coating operations included in this source category
include, but are not limited to, the application of electrodeposition
primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat (including basecoat and clear coat),
final repair, glass bonding primer, glass bonding adhesive, sealer,
adhesive, and deadener. The application of blackout and anti-chip
materials is included in these coating operations, as is the cleaning
and purging of equipment associated with the coating operations. If you
are subject to the final rule and also coat parts intended for use in
new automobiles or new light-duty trucks or as aftermarket repair or
replacement parts for automobiles or light-duty trucks which would
otherwise be subject to the Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal
Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM) or the Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart
PPPP), you have the option to include these operations under the final
rule. Alternately, you may choose to have such collocated coating
operations remain subject to either the Surface Coating of
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart
MMMM) or the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP (40
CFR part 63, subpart PPPP). You may not include collocated operations
that apply surface coatings to parts that are not intended for use in
automobiles and light-duty trucks in your affected source under the
final rule. We are also amending the Surface Coating of Miscellaneous
Metal Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM) and the
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subpart PPPP) to clarify the interaction between these rules and the
Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR
part 63, subpart IIII). Automobile customizers, body shops, and
refinishers are excluded from this source category.
You are not subject to the final rule if your coating operation is
located at an area source. An area source is any stationary source of
HAP that is not a major source.
You may establish area source status prior to the compliance date
of the final rule by limiting the source's potential to emit HAP
through appropriate mechanisms available through the permitting
authority.
This source category does not include research or laboratory
operations or janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations.
We are also amending the RCRA Air Emissions Standards for Equipment
Leaks at 40 CFR parts 264 and 265, subparts BB. The amendments exempt
air emissions from the collection and transmission of captured purge
material which would otherwise be subject to requirements of subparts
BB of 40 CFR parts 264 and 265 if they are subject to the requirements
of the final NESHAP. Generally, subparts BB of 40 CFR parts 264 and 265
apply to equipment that contains or contacts RCRA hazardous wastes with
organic concentrations of at least 10 percent by weight. Subparts BB
apply to large quantity generators as well as to RCRA treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities. Subparts BB were designed to minimize
air emissions from leaks from equipment such as pumps, valves, flanges,
and connections.
The work practice standards in Sec. 63.3094 of the final NESHAP
address emissions from purging of coating applicators, the collection
and transmission of purged paint and solvent in a purge capture system,
and the storage of captured purge material. The collection and
transmission systems would potentially be subject to the requirements
of subparts BB. The potential for air releases once purged materials
are captured is relatively small. The HAP emissions from captured purge
materials are very small in comparison with the coating application,
drying, and curing. Measurements made by industry indicate that
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) would be at least one to
two orders of magnitude less than concentrations that would meet the
definition of a leak under subparts BB of 40 CFR parts 264 and 265.
Additionally, the collected mixture is usually shipped off-site to a
solvent recycler and the automobile and light-duty truck facility
typically receives a credit from the off-site solvent recycler for the
solvent recovered from the mixture. This provides an additional
incentive for the industry to retain as much of the captured purge
material as possible, and therefore to repair any leaks as quickly as
possible. For these
[[Page 22605]]
reasons and to avoid duplication, if such a collection and transmission
system is subject to the final NESHAP then it is exempt from the
requirements of subparts BB of 40 CFR parts 264 and 265.
If a facility chooses to include under the NESHAP operations which
coat parts intended for use in new automobiles or new light-duty trucks
or as aftermarket repair or replacement parts for automobiles or light-
duty trucks which would otherwise be subject to the NESHAP for surface
coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products (40 CFR part 63,
subpart MMMM) or surface coating of plastic parts and products (40 CFR
part 63, subpart PPPP), then the captured purge material from these
operations are also exempt from the requirements of subparts BB of 40
CFR parts 264 and 265. Many of the coatings applied at facilities
subject to the final NESHAP to separate, non-body plastic parts and
separate, non-body metal parts for automobiles and light-duty trucks
are similar in composition to those applied to automobile and light-
duty truck bodies and body parts. The captured purge materials are
conveyed to waste tanks in the same fashion as the purged materials
from automobile and light-duty truck body coating operations.
B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?
Affected sources subject to the final rule may also be subject to
other rules. Automobile and light-duty truck surface coating operations
that began construction, reconstruction, or modification after October
5, 1979 are subject to new source performance standards (NSPS) under 40
CFR part 60, subpart MM. That rule limits emissions of VOC. The EPA has
also published control techniques guidelines which establish reasonably
available control technologies for limiting VOC emissions from
automobile and light-duty truck surface coating operations. Additional
VOC emission limitations may also apply to these facilities through
conditions incorporated in State operating permits and permits issued
under authority of title V of the CAA. Facilities in this subcategory
may also be subject to various emission limitations pursuant to State
air toxics rules.
An automobile and light-duty truck surface coating facility may be
subject to other NESHAP. Subparts MMMM (for surface coating of
miscellaneous metal parts and products) and PPPP (for surface coating
of plastic parts and products) of 40 CFR part 63, limit emissions from
coating operations conducted on separate, non-body parts. To decrease
the burden of complying with multiple surface coating emission limits,
the final rule provides that collocated operations that apply surface
coating to any automobile and light-duty truck part may be optionally
included under the final rule. Surface coating of metal and plastic
parts not intended for attachment to automobiles and light-duty trucks
remain covered under the relevant subpart, 40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM
for metal parts and 40 CFR part 63, subpart PPPP for plastic parts. We
are also amending 40 CFR part 63, subparts MMMM and PPPP to clarify the
interaction between these rules and the final rule. Facilities may also
be subject to other rules relating to collocated equipment such as
foundries and boilers.
The transmission and storage of captured purge materials from
coating equipment may also be subject to the RCRA tank system
requirements under subparts J of 40 CFR parts 264 and 265, and the Air
Emission Standards for Equipment Leaks under subparts BB of of 40 CFR
parts 264 and 265. The tank system rules under subparts J apply to
hazardous waste storage tanks, all ancillary equipment used to convey
hazardous waste to such tanks, and secondary containment systems. The
requirements of subparts J are designed to prevent releases from
hazardous waste tank systems and to detect and respond to releases from
hazardous waste tank systems, thereby ensuring minimal risk of
hazardous waste reaching ground water, surface waters, or soils.
The air emission standards for equipment leaks under subparts BB of
40 CFR parts 264 and 265 apply to equipment that contains or contacts
RCRA hazardous waste with organic concentrations of at least 10 percent
by weight. Subparts BB were designed to minimize air emissions from
leaks from equipment such as pumps, valves, flanges, and connections.
To avoid duplication between subparts BB and the final NESHAP, we are
exempting equipment from subparts BB if it is subject to the Surface
Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP.
C. What Is the Affected Source?
We define an affected source as a stationary source, group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The final rule defines the affected source
as all of the equipment used to apply coating to new automobile or new
light-duty truck bodies or body parts for new automobiles or new light-
duty trucks and to dry or cure the coating after application; all
storage containers and mixing vessels in which vehicle body coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed; all manual and
automated equipment and containers used for conveying vehicle body
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials; and all storage containers
and all manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying waste materials generated by an automobile and light-duty
truck surface coating operation. Operations that apply surface coating
to other automobile and light-duty truck parts may be optionally
included in the affected source.
The affected source does not include research or laboratory
operations or janitorial, building, and facility maintenance
operations.
D. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?
Emission limits. The final rule limits organic HAP emissions from
each new or reconstructed automobile and light-duty truck surface
coating facility using the emission limits in Table 2 of this preamble.
Table 2.--Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
(monthly average)
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Operation Limit
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Combined electrodeposition primer, 0.036 kilogram (kg) (0.30 pound
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final (lb)) organic HAP/liter (HAP/
repair, glass bonding primer, and gallon (gal)) of coating
glass bonding adhesive operation plus solids deposited).
all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive
and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems,
used in coating operations added to
the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c).
[[Page 22606]]
Combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, 0.060 kg (0.50 lb organic HAP/
final repair, glass bonding primer, 1iter (HAP/gal) of coating
and glass bonding adhesive operation solids deposited).
plus all coatings and thinners, except
for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are
not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations
added to the affected source pursuant
to Sec. 63.3082(c) (for sources
meeting the operating limits of Sec.
63.3092(a) or (b)).
Adhesives and sealers, other than glass 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of material
bonding adhesive. used.
Deadener............................... 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of material
used.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are limiting organic HAP emissions from each existing automobile and
light-duty truck surface coating facility using the emission limits in
Table 3 of this preamble.
Table 3.--Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources (monthly
average)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operation Limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Combined electrodeposition primer, 0.072 kg (0.60 lb) organic HAP/
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final liter (HAP/gal) of coating
repair, glass bonding primer, and solids deposited.
glass bonding adhesive operation plus
all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive
and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems,
used in coating operations added to
the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c).
Combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, 0.132 kg (1.10 lb) organic HAP/
final repair, glass bonding primer, liter (HAP/gal) of coating
and glass bonding adhesive operation solids deposited.
plus all coatings and thinners, except
for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are
not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations
added to the affected source pursuant
to Sec. 63.3082(c) (for sources
meeting the operating limits of Sec.
63.3092(a) or (b)).
Adhesives and sealers other than glass 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of material
bonding adhesive. used.
Deadener............................... 0.010 lb/lb (kg/kg) of material
used.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must calculate emissions from: (1) The combined electrodeposition
primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer,
and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners,
except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials
that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in coating
operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c);
or (2) the combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations
(electrodeposition primer considered separately per Sec. Sec.
63.3091(b) and 63.3092(b)) plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) using the
procedures in the final rule, which account for the organic HAP
contents of the materials applied in each month, as well as transfer
efficiency and overall efficiencies of any capture systems and control
devices in use. The monthly average emission rate for the combined
group of operations (either grouping type (1) or grouping type (2)
above) is calculated and compared to the applicable emission limit.
Some facilities have multiple paint lines (e.g., a facility with two or
more totally distinct paint lines, each serving a distinct assembly
line, or a facility with two or more paint lines sharing the same paint
kitchen or mix room). The owner or operator may choose to group all of
the operations from two or more paint lines together, or to make a
separate grouping of the operations from individual paint lines. These
options would, for example, allow a facility with two paint lines to
use a grouping with electrodeposition primer (grouping type (1) above)
for one paint line and a grouping with electrodeposition primer
considered separately (grouping type (2) above) for the other paint
line. They would also, for example, allow a facility with three paint
lines to use one grouping for two of the paint lines and a separate
grouping of the same type or of the other type for the third paint
line. You must average organic HAP contents of other materials used on
a monthly basis to determine separately those emissions from sealers
and adhesives (other than glass bonding adhesive), and deadeners.
Operating limits. If you use an emission capture and control system
to reduce emissions, the operating limits may apply to you. These
operating limits are site-specific parameter limits you determine
during the initial performance test of the system. For capture systems
that are not capturing emissions from a downdraft spray booth or from a
flash-off area or bake oven associated with a downdraft spray booth,
you must identify the parameter(s) to monitor and establish the limits
and monitoring procedures. For thermal and catalytic oxidizers, you
must establish temperature limits. For solvent recovery systems, you
must monitor the outlet concentration or carbon bed temperature and the
amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed. All operating
limits must reflect operation of the capture and control system during
a performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limit
during representative operating conditions.
Work practice standards. You must develop and implement a work
practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions from the storage,
mixing, and conveying of coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials
used in and waste
[[Page 22607]]
materials generated by all coating operations for which emission limits
are established. The plan must specify practices and procedures to
ensure that, at a minimum, the following elements are implemented:
All organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners,
cleaning materials, and waste materials must be stored in closed
containers. The risk of spills of organic-HAP-containing coatings,
thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
Organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners,
cleaning materials, and waste materials must be conveyed from one
location to another in closed containers or pipes.
Mixing vessels, other than day tanks equipped
with continuous agitation systems, which contain organic-HAP-containing
coatings and other materials must be closed except when adding to,
removing, or mixing the contents.
Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized
during cleaning of storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
You must also develop and implement a work practice plan to
minimize organic HAP emissions from cleaning and from purging of
equipment associated with all coating operations for which emission
limits are established. The plan must specify practices and procedures
to ensure that emissions of HAP from the following operations are
minimized:
Vehicle body wiping;
Coating line purging;
Flushing of coating systems;
Cleaning of spray booth grates;
Cleaning of spray booth walls;
Cleaning of spray booth equipment;
Cleaning external spray booth areas; and
Other housekeeping measures (e.g., keeping
solvent-laden rags in closed containers.)
General Provisions. The General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart
A) also apply to you as outlined in Table 2 of the final rule. The
General Provisions codify certain procedures and criteria for all 40
CFR part 63 NESHAP. The General Provisions contain administrative
procedures, preconstruction review procedures for new sources, and
procedures for conducting compliance-related activities such as
notifications, recordkeeping and reporting, performance testing, and
monitoring. The final rule refers to individual sections of the General
Provisions to emphasize key sections that you should be aware of.
However, unless specifically overridden in Table 2 of the final rule,
all of the applicable General Provisions requirements would apply to
you.
E. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
Existing affected sources must be in compliance with the final rule
no later than April 26, 2007. New and reconstructed sources must be in
compliance upon initial startup of the affected source or by June 25,
2004, whichever is later. However, affected sources are not required to
demonstrate compliance until the end of the initial compliance period
when they will have accumulated the necessary records to document the
monthly organic HAP emission rate.
Compliance with the emission limits is based on a monthly organic
HAP emission rate. The initial compliance period, therefore, is the 1-
month period beginning on the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period begins on the compliance date and extends through the
end of that month plus the following month. We have defined ``month''
as a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 to 35 days to allow
for flexibility at sources where data are based on a business
accounting period.
Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets all the requirements of the final rule to achieve
the emission limit(s) and operating limits by the end of the initial
compliance period, and that the facility is operated in accordance with
the approved work practice plans. At the end of the initial compliance
period, the owner or operator must use the data and records generated
to determine whether or not the affected source is in compliance for
that period. If it does not meet the applicable limit(s), then it is
out of compliance for the entire initial compliance period.
Emission limits. Compliance with the emission limit for combined
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and
thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c), or the emission limit for combined primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations added to the affected source
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) is based on mass organic HAP emissions per
volume of applied coating solids as calculated monthly using the
procedures in the final rule. Compliance with the emission limits for
adhesives and sealers (other than glass bonding adhesive) and deadener
is based on mass average organic HAP content of materials used each
month.
Electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair,
glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and
thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c). Compliance with this emission limit, or if eligible, with
the emission limit for combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair,
glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and
thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c), is based on calculations detailed in the final rule. You
may also use the guidelines presented in the ``Protocol for Determining
the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and
Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations'' (EPA-450/3-88-018) (Auto
Protocol).
To determine the organic HAP content, the volume solids, and the
density of the coatings and thinners, you may rely on manufacturer's
data, results from the test methods listed below, or alternative test
methods for which you get EPA approval on a case-by-case basis
according to the NESHAP General Provisions in 40 CFR 63.7(f). However,
if there is any inconsistency between the test results and
manufacturer's data, the test results will prevail for compliance and
enforcement purposes unless after consultation, you demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the manufacturer's data
are correct.
For organic HAP content, use Method 311 of 40
CFR part 63, appendix A.
You may use nonaqueous volatile matter as a
surrogate for organic HAP. If you choose this option, then use Method
24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
For volume fraction of coating solids, use
either ASTM Method D2697-86 (1998) or ASTM Method D6093-97.
For density, use ASTM Method D1475-98 or
information from the
[[Page 22608]]
supplier or manufacturer of the material.
For each emission capture and control system that you use, you
must:
Conduct an initial performance test to determine
the overall control efficiency of the equipment (described below) and
to establish operating limits to be achieved on a continuous basis
(also described below). The performance test must be completed no later
than the compliance date. You also must schedule it in time to obtain
the results for use in completing your initial compliance determination
for the initial compliance period.
You are not required to conduct an initial performance test to
determine capture efficiency or destruction efficiency of a capture
system or control device if you receive approval to use the results of
a performance test that has been previously conducted on that capture
system (either a previous stack test or a previous panel test) or
control device. You are not required to conduct an initial test to
determine transfer efficiency if you receive approval to use the
results of a test that has been previously conducted.
The overall control efficiency for a capture and control system
must be demonstrated based on emission capture and reduction
efficiency. To determine the capture efficiency, you must either verify
the presence of a permanent total enclosure using EPA Method 204 of 40
CFR part 51; measure the capture efficiency using either EPA Method
204A through F of 40 CFR part 51 or appendix A of 40 CFR part 63,
subpart KK; or use the panel test procedures in ASTM Method D5087-91
(1994), ASTM Method D6266-00a, or the guidelines presented in the Auto
Protocol as described in Sec. 63.3165(e) and (g), and appendix A of
the final rule. If you have a permanent total enclosure and you route
all exhaust gases from the enclosure to a control device, then you may
assume 100 percent capture. For panel testing, the coatings used may be
grouped based on similar appearance characteristics (e.g., solid color
or metallic), processing sequences, and dry film thicknesses. One
coating from each group can be tested to represent all of the coatings
in that group.
To determine the emission reduction efficiency of the control
device, you must conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas
streams. The test consists of three runs, each run lasting 1 hour,
using the following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A:
Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling
sites.
Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the
gas volumetric flow rate.
Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to
determine dry molecular weight.
Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile
matter concentration. Alternatively, any other test method or data that
have been validated according to the applicable procedures in Method
301 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator,
may be used.
You are required to determine the transfer efficiency for primer-
surfacer and topcoat materials and for all coatings, except for
deadener and for adhesive and sealer that are not components of glass
bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the affected
source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) using ASTM Method D5066-91 (2001)
or the guidelines presented in the Auto Protocol. Transfer efficiency
testing may be performed for representative coatings and representative
spray booths as described in the Auto Protocol, rather than for every
coating and every spray booth. For example, one basecoat may be tested
from a group of basecoats that are applied or processed in the same
manner and the test result may be used for all of the coatings in the
group and one spray booth may be tested from a group of identical
parallel spray booths. Typical basecoat groupings are metallic colors
and non-metallic colors. You may assume 100 percent transfer efficiency
for electrodeposition primer coatings, glass bonding primers, and glass
bonding adhesives. For final repair coatings, you may assume 40 percent
transfer efficiency for air atomized spray and 55 percent transfer
efficiency for electrostatic spray and high volume, low pressure spray.
The monthly emission rate, in terms of mass of organic HAP emitted
per volume of coating solids deposited, is determined in accordance
with the procedures in the final rule. These procedures incorporate the
volume, organic HAP content, and volume solids content of each coating
applied, as well as the transfer efficiency for the coatings and spray
equipment used, and the overall control efficiency for controlled
booths or bake ovens and other controlled emission points.
Adhesives and sealers, and deadener. Compliance with emissions
limits for adhesives and sealers (other than windshield materials) is
based on the monthly mass average organic HAP content of all materials
of this type used during the compliance period. Compliance with
emission limits for deadener is based on the monthly mass average
organic HAP content of all materials of this type used during the
compliance period.
Operating limits. As mentioned above, you must establish the
required operating limits during the initial performance test of an
emission capture and control system. The operating limit is defined as
the minimum or maximum (as applicable) value achieved for a control
device or process parameter during the most recent performance test
that demonstrated compliance with the emission limit.
The final rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types of
control systems commonly used in the industry. You are required to
install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all monitoring
equipment according to manufacturer's specifications and ensure that
the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the
requirements in Sec. 63.3168 of the final rule. If you use control
devices other than those identified in the final rule, you must submit
the operating parameters to be monitored to the Administrator for
approval. The authority to approve the parameters to be monitored is
retained by EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you must continuously
monitor temperature and record it at evenly spaced intervals at least
every 15 minutes. For thermal oxidizers, the temperature monitor is
placed in the firebox or in the duct immediately downstream of the
firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs. The operating
limit for thermal oxidizers is the average temperature, based on all
valid data, measured during the performance test. For each 3-hour
period thereafter, the average temperature must be at or above this
limit. As an alternative, if the latest operating permit issued before
April 26, 2007 for the thermal oxidizer at your facility contains
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the combustion temperature
that are consistent with the requirements for thermal oxidizers in 40
CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum operating limit for the
combustion temperature for each such thermal oxidizer at your affected
source at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
combustion temperature during the performance test of that thermal
oxidizer. If you do not have an operating permit for the thermal
oxidizer at your facility and the latest construction permit issued
before April 26, 2007 for the thermal oxidizer at your facility
contains recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the
[[Page 22609]]
combustion temperature that are consistent with the requirements for
thermal oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum
operating limit for the combustion temperature for each such thermal
oxidizer at your affected source at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees
Fahrenheit) below the average combustion temperature during the
performance test of that thermal oxidizer. If you use this as the
minimum operating limit for a thermal oxidizer, then you must keep the
combustion temperature set point on that thermal oxidizer no lower than
14 degrees Celsius (25 degrees Fahrenheit) below the lower of that set
point during the performance test for that thermal oxidizer and the
average combustion temperature maintained during the performance test
for that thermal oxidizer.
For catalytic oxidizers, temperature monitors are placed
immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The operating limits for
catalytic oxidizers are the average temperature just before the
catalyst bed maintained during the performance test and 80 percent of
the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test, except during periods of low production
the latter minimum operating limit is to maintain a positive
temperature gradient across the catalyst bed. A low production period
is when production is less than 80 percent of production rate during
the performance test. As an alternative, if the latest operating permit
issued before April 26, 2007 for the catalytic oxidizer at your
facility contains recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the
temperature before the catalyst bed that are consistent with the
requirements for catalytic oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may
set the minimum operating limit for the temperature just before the
catalyst bed for each such catalytic oxidizer at your affected source
at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance test of
that catalytic oxidizer. If you do not have an operating permit for the
catalytic oxidizer at your facility and the latest construction permit
issued before April 26, 2007 for the catalytic oxidizer at your
facility contains recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the
temperature before the catalyst bed that are consistent with the
requirements for catalytic oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may
set the minimum operating limit for the temperature just before the
catalyst bed for each such catalytic oxidizer at your affected source
at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance test of
that catalytic oxidizer. If you use this as the minimum operating limit
for the temperature just before the catalyst bed for a catalytic
oxidizer, then you must keep the set point for the temperature just
before the catalyst bed for that catalytic oxidizer no lower than 14
degrees Celsius (25 degrees Fahrenheit) below the lower of that set
point during the performance test for that catalytic oxidizer and the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed maintained during the
performance test for that catalytic oxidizer. Also, as an alternative
for catalytic oxidizers, you may monitor the temperature immediately
before the catalyst bed and develop and implement an inspection and
maintenance plan.
If you use a solvent recovery system, then you must either: (1)
Continuously monitor the outlet concentration of organic compounds, and
the operating limit is the average organic compound outlet
concentration during the performance test (for each 3-hour period, the
average concentration would have to be below this limit); or (2)
monitor the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the
total amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each
regeneration, in which case the operating limits would be the carbon
bed temperature (not to be exceeded) and the amount of steam or
nitrogen used for desorption (to be met as a minimum).
If you use a capture system that is not part of a PTE that meets
the criteria of 40 CFR 63.3165(a) and is not capturing emissions from a
downdraft spray booth or from a flash-off area or bake oven associated
with a downdraft spray booth to meet the final standards, you must meet
operating limits for each capture device in that capture system. If the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure, you are
required to establish that the direction of flow is into the enclosure
at all times. In addition, you must meet an operating limit of either
an average facial velocity of at least 3,600 meters per hour (200 feet
per minute) through all natural draft openings in the enclosure, or a
minimum pressure drop across the enclosure of at least 0.18 millimeter
water (0.007 inch water), as established by Method 204 of appendix M to
40 CFR part 51.
If the emission capture system is not a permanent total enclosure,
you must establish either the average volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure in each duct between the capture device and the add-on
control device inlet during the performance test. Either the average
volumetric flow rate must be maintained above the operating limit for
each 3-hour period or the average duct static pressure must be
maintained above the operating limit for each 3-hour period.
Work practice standards. You must develop and implement two site-
specific work practice plans. One plan must address practices to
minimize organic HAP emissions from storage, mixing, and conveying of
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in operations for which
emission limits are established, as well as the waste materials
generated from these operations. A second site-specific work practice
plan must address practices to minimize emissions from cleaning
operations and purging of coating equipment.
The plans must address specific types of potential organic HAP
emission points and are subject to approval of the Administrator.
Deviations from approved work practice plans must be reported
semiannually.
F. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
Emission limits. Continuous compliance with the emission limit for
combined electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final
repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all
coatings and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive
and sealer materials that are not components of glass bonding systems,
used in coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to
Sec. 63.3082(c) of the final rule, or if eligible, the emission limit
for combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding
primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and thinners,
except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials
that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in coating
operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c),
is based on monthly calculations following the procedures detailed in
the final rule. These procedures take into account the amount of each
coating used, the organic HAP and volume solids content of each coating
used, the transfer efficiency of each coating application system, and
the organic HAP abatement from each capture and control system, and
provide for calculating monthly mass organic HAP emissions per volume
of coating solids deposited.
Continuous compliance with the emission limits for adhesives and
sealers (other than components of the windshield adhesive system), and
[[Page 22610]]
deadener is based on the monthly average mass organic HAP concentration
of all materials applied in each category.
Operating limits. If you use an emission capture and control
system, the final rule requires you to achieve on a continuous basis
the operating limits you establish during the performance test. If the
continuous monitoring shows that the system is operating outside the
range of values established during the performance test, then you have
deviated from the established operating limits.
If you operate a capture and control system that allows emissions
to bypass the control device, you must demonstrate that HAP emissions
from each emission point within the affected source are being routed to
the control device by monitoring for potential bypass of the control
device. You may choose from the following four monitoring procedures:
(1) Flow control position indicator to provide a record of whether
the exhaust stream is directed to the control device;
(2) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to secure the bypass
line valve in the closed position when the control device is operating;
(3) Valve closure continuous monitoring to ensure any bypass line
valve or damper is closed when the control device is operating; or
(4) Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating operation when
flow is diverted from the control device.
If the continuous control device bypass monitoring shows that the
control device is bypassed, then you have deviated from the established
operating limits.
Operations during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. When using an
emission capture and control system for compliance, you are required to
develop and operate according to a startup, shutdown, and malfunction
plan (SSMP) during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the
capture and control system.
Work practice standards. You are required to operate your facility
in accordance with your approved site-specific work practice plans at
all times.
G. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You are required to comply with the applicable requirements in the
NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as described in
the final rule. The General Provisions notification requirements
include: initial notifications, notification of performance test if you
are complying using a capture system and control device, notification
of compliance status, and additional notifications required for
affected sources with continuous monitoring systems. The General
Provisions also require certain records and periodic reports.
Initial Notifications. If you own or operate an existing affected
source, you must send a notification to the EPA Regional Office in the
region where your facility is located and to your State agency no later
than April 26, 2005. For new and reconstructed sources, you must send
the notification within 120 days after the date of initial startup or
October 25, 2004, whichever is later. That report notifies us and your
State agency that you have an existing affected source that is subject
to the final standards or that you have constructed a new affected
source. Thus, it allows you and the permitting authority to plan for
compliance activities. You also need to send a notification of planned
construction or reconstruction of a source that would be subject to the
final rule and apply for approval to construct or reconstruct. If you
have already submitted a notification in accordance with section 112(j)
of the CAA, you are not required to submit another initial notification
except to identify and describe all additions to the affected source
made pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) of the final rule.
Notification of Performance Test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and control device for which you do not conduct
a liquid-liquid material balance, you must conduct a performance test.
The performance test is required no later than the compliance date for
an existing affected source. For a new or reconstructed affected
source, the performance test is required no later than 180 days after
startup or 180 days after the effective date of the final rule,
whichever is later. You must notify EPA (or the delegated State or
local agency) at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is
scheduled to begin and submit a report of the performance test results
no later than 60 days after the test.
Notification of Compliance Status. You must submit a Notification
of Compliance Status within 60 days after the end of the initial
compliance period. In the notification, you must certify whether the
affected source has complied with the final standards; summarize the
data and calculations supporting the compliance demonstration; describe
how you will determine continuous compliance; and for capture and
control systems for which you conduct performance tests, provide the
results of the tests. Your notification must also include the measured
range of each monitored parameter and the operating limits established
during the performance test, and information showing whether you have
achieved your operating limits during the initial compliance period.
Recordkeeping Requirements. The final rule requires you to collect
and keep records according to certain minimum data requirements for the
CPMS. Failure to collect and keep the specified minimum data is a
deviation that is separate from any emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice requirement. You are required to keep records of reported
information and all other information necessary to document compliance
with the final rule for 5 years. As required under the General
Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept on-site;
the other 3 years' records may be kept off-site. Records pertaining to
the design and operation of the control and monitoring equipment must
be kept for the life of the equipment.
You are required to keep the following records:
A current copy of information provided by
materials suppliers such as manufacturer's formulation data or test
data used to determine organic HAP or VOC content, solids content, and
quantity of the coatings and thinners applied.
All documentation supporting initial
notifications and notifications of compliance status. This includes a
record of all raw data, protocol input data, algorithms, and
intermediate calculations. If calculations are computerized, data,
calculations, and intermediate and final results must also be
maintained in electronic form.
The occurrence and duration of each startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture and control system.
All maintenance performed on the emission
capture and control system.
Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and
malfunction that are different from the procedures specified in your
SSMP.
All information necessary to demonstrate
conformance with your SSMP when the plan procedures are followed.
Each period during which a CPMS is
malfunctioning or inoperative (including out-of-control periods).
All required measurements needed to demonstrate
compliance with the standards.
All results of performance tests.
[[Page 22611]]
Data and documentation used to determine and
capture system efficiency or to support a determination that the system
is a permanent total enclosure.
Required work practice plans and documentation
to support compliance with the provisions of these plans.
Deviations, as determined from these records, must be recorded and
also reported. A deviation is any instance when any requirement or
obligation established by the final rule including, but not limited to,
the emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards, is
not met.
If you use a capture system and control device to reduce organic
HAP emissions, you must make your SSMP available for inspection if the
Administrator requests to see it. The plan must stay in your records
for the life of your affected source or until the source is no longer
subject to the final standards. If you revise the plan, you must keep
the previous superseded versions on record for 5 years following the
revision.
Periodic Reports. Each reporting year is divided into two
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a
semiannual reporting period, you must submit a semiannual report
stating that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If
deviations occur, you must include them in the report as follows:
Report each deviation from the emission limit.
Report each deviation from the work practice
plan.
If you are complying by using a thermal
oxidizer, report all times when a 3-hour average temperature is below
the operating limit.
If you are complying by using a catalytic
oxidizer, report all times when a 3-hour average temperature increase
across the catalyst bed is below the operating limit.
If you are complying by using oxidizers or
solvent recovery systems, report all times when the value of the site-
specific operating parameter used to monitor the capture system
performance was greater than or less than (as appropriate) the
operating limit established for the capture system.
Report other specific information on the periods
of time the deviations occurred.
You must also send us explanations in each semiannual report if a
change occurs that might affect your compliance status.
Other Reports. You are required to submit reports for periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device. If the procedures you follow during any startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are inconsistent with your SSMP, you report those
procedures with your semiannual reports in addition to immediate
reports required by 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
III. What Are the Significant Changes Since Proposal?
A. Applicability
We have provided an option permitting facilities subject to the
final rule to include collocated operations involved in surface coating
of parts for automobiles and light-duty trucks that would not otherwise
be subject to the rule. Surface coating of these non-body parts, such
as bumpers, fascias, and brackets at a time when they are not attached
to (or otherwise simultaneously coated with) a new automobile or light-
duty truck body or body parts would otherwise be subject to the Surface
Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP, 40 CFR part
63, subpart MMMM, and/or the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and
Products NESHAP, 40 CFR part 63, subpart PPPP. Facilities opting to
include operations of this type are responsible for obtaining all of
the information necessary to determine compliance with the provisions
of the final rule. Cleaning and purging operations associated with
optionally included collocated surface coating operations would also be
covered by the final rule. Collocated operations involved in surface
coating of parts that are not related to automobiles and light-duty
trucks may not be included, and continue to be regulated under the
Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP, 40
CFR part 63, subpart MMMM, and/or the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts
and Products NESHAP, 40 CFR part 63, subpart PPPP. We are also amending
subparts MMMM and PPPP to clarify the interaction between these rules
and the surface coating automobiles and light-duty trucks rule. We were
unable to include these changes in subparts MMMM and PPPP until the
final rule was published since the changes to subparts MMMM and PPPP
reference the final rule.
The final rule excludes ``travel waxes'' and other temporary
coatings designed to be removed before vehicles are sold, as well as
materials applied from touchup bottles.
B. Compliance Demonstration and Monitoring
As an alternative to the temperature monitoring provisions for
thermal and catalytic oxidizers in the proposed rule, the final rule
allows certain facilities which have been following the temperature
monitoring provisions in 40 CFR 60.395(c) to continue to follow those
provisions and to set the minimum operating limit for each such
oxidizer at the same level as in 40 CFR 60.395(c).
The proposed rule used the average temperature rise across the
catalyst during the performance test as one of the minimum operating
limits for catalytic oxidizers. The final rule uses 80 percent of the
average temperature rise across the catalyst during the performance
test as one of the minimum operating limits for catalytic oxidizers,
except during periods of low production this minimum operating limit is
to maintain a positive temperature gradient across the catalyst bed.
The proposed rule contained operating parameter requirements for
all capture systems. The final rule states that such monitoring is not
required for downdraft spray booths or for flash-off areas or bake
ovens associated with downdraft spray booths.
The proposed rule stated that if your add-on control system
deviates from the operating limit specified in Table 1 to subpart IV of
40 CFR part 63, then you must assume that the emission capture system
and add-on control device were achieving zero efficiency during the
time period of the deviation. We have written the final rule to allow
the use of other data to indicate the actual efficiency of the emission
capture system and add-on control device, as long as the use of these
data is approved by the Administrator.
The proposed rule provided the option of using panel testing to
determine bake oven capture efficiency. The final rule maintains this
option and provides more detail on the calculations necessary to
convert the results of such panel tests into the format needed for the
final rule. The final rule also provides an option of using panel tests
to determine spray booth capture efficiency.
C. Analytical Methods
The specification of analytical procedures to be employed in
compliance demonstration is unchanged. A provision has been added to
the final rule providing, in the event of a disagreement between the
specified methods and the facility's data, an opportunity for the
facility to consult with the enforcement authority and demonstrate to
the satisfaction of the enforcement authority that formulation data or
data obtained by other means are correct.
[[Page 22612]]
D. Notifications and Recordkeeping
In the final rule, we have provided that facilities that have
previously submitted initial notifications under section 112(j) of the
CAA are not required to submit the initial notifications otherwise
required by this subpart except to identify and describe all additions
to the affected source made pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) of the final
rule. In addition, we have extended the deadline for submission of
compliance status from 30 days to 60 days following the end of the
initial compliance period to allow additional time for data reduction
and calculations.
The final rule provides that you must maintain a record of the
calculations used to demonstrate compliance with the ``Combined
Electrodeposition Primer, Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat, Inline and Final
Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass Bonding Adhesive Emission
Rates'' or ``Combined Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat, Inline and Final
Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass Bonding Adhesive Emission
Rates.'' This record must include all raw data, algorithms, and
intermediate calculations. If the guidelines presented in the Auto
Protocol are used, you must keep records of all data input to this Auto
Protocol. If these data are maintained as electronic files, the
electronic files, as well as any paper copies must be maintained. These
data must be provided to the permitting authority on request on paper,
and in (if calculations are done electronically) electronic form.
E. Definitions
We have added definitions of bake oven air seal, body part,
containers, paint line, sealers, spray booth air seal, and touchup
bottles to the final rule. We have revised the definitions of
deviation, final repair, in-line repair, and paint shop in the final
rule.
IV. What Are the Responses to Significant Comments?
For the full set of comment summaries and responses, refer to the
Response to Comment document which contains EPA's responses to each
public comment and is available in Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and
Docket ID No. A-2001-22.
A. Applicability
Comment: A commenter was concerned that complying with the final
rule by means of add-on control and equipment changes would trigger
other regulatory requirements (new source review (NSR), prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD), or NSPS) and requested a ``safe
harbor'' be included in the final rule.
Response: We are not including in the final rule an exemption from
NSR, PSD, and NSPS for those coating operations that are modified or
upgraded in order to comply with the final rule. It would be
inappropriate to include language in a NESHAP that could affect the
applicability of these other programs since these are better handled on
a case-by-case basis by the States and Regions implementing these other
rules.
We do not expect compliance with the final rule to require changes
to existing coating operations that would trigger major NSR or PSD
permitting requirements. The steps taken to reduce organic HAP
emissions to comply with the final rule are not expected to result in
increased VOC emissions. Facilities that install oxidizers to reduce
organic HAP may have a concurrent increase in nitrogen oxide emissions.
We expect such facilities will be eligible for the pollution control
project exclusion in the NSR regulations (67 FR 80186) since
regenerative thermal oxidzers, thermal oxidizers, and catalytic
oxidizers are presumed to be environmentally beneficial under the
pollution control project exclusion. In addition, in order for the
pollution control project exclusion to apply, the emissions increases
from the project must not cause or contribute to a violation of any
national ambient air quality standard or PSD increment, or adversely
impact an air quality related value (such as visibility) that has been
identified for a Federal Class I area by a Federal Land Manager and for
which information is available to the general public.
Most, if not all, of the current automobile and light-duty truck
surface coating facilities are already subject to the NSPS for
automobile and light-duty truck surface coating. If there are any
current facilities not already subject to the NSPS, we do not expect
that the NSPS would be triggered by the changes necessary to comply
with the final rule. The steps taken to reduce organic HAP emissions to
comply with the final rule are not expected to result in increased VOC
emissions. Increases in nitrogen oxide emissions resulting from the
installation of oxidizers would not trigger the NSPS because nitrogen
oxides are not a regulated pollutant under the NSPS.
Comment: A commenter recommended a broadening of the applicability
of the proposed rule to allow those coating operations for metal and
plastic parts conducted at facilities subject to the final rule to be
considered part of the automobile and light-duty truck surface coating
rule. This approach would provide affected sources with the greatest
degree of flexibility for future changes in vehicle coating processes,
e.g., coating doors separately on another line rather than coating
automobiles and light-duty trucks with the doors attached to the frame.
This approach would also significantly reduce reporting, recordkeeping,
and monitoring requirements, while assuring significant emissions
reductions.
Response: We agree that providing this flexibility to operators of
automobile assembly plants may reduce the burden associated with
complying with multiple rules without increasing HAP emissions.
Allowing the specified collocated coatings operations to be included
under the final rule may simplify the tracking of coatings inventory
and reduce the reporting and recordkeeping requirements associated with
complying with multiple rules. The final rule provides operators of
automobile assembly plants the option to include all collocated plastic
and metal parts coating operations related to automobiles and light-
duty trucks under the rule. This includes coating of replacement parts
for attachment outside the facility, and coating of non-body parts
(such as fascia cladding, brackets, fuel tanks, and radiators) for
automobiles or light-duty trucks. Off-line coating of body parts, such
as doors, for attachment to automobiles and light-duty trucks coated at
the facility remain (as proposed) in the affected source under the
final rule. Operators choosing to include such operations are required
to obtain the necessary information (including transfer efficiency and
capture efficiency) to demonstrate compliance. Coating of non-
automotive parts, vehicles other than automobiles and light-duty trucks
(such as motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, or watercraft), or parts
for such vehicles, may not be included. We are also amending 40 CFR
part 63, subparts MMMM and PPPP, to clarify the interaction between
those rules and the surface coating for automobiles and light-duty
trucks final rule.
Comment: A commenter noted that the definition of the term
``coating'' excludes certain decorative, protective, or functional
coatings that consist only of protective oils. The commenter stated
that automobile and light-duty truck assembly plants also apply several
different types of temporary coatings, e.g., travel wax and blackout
coatings. These coatings serve a cosmetic purpose and are not designed
to remain on the vehicle for a long time. The commenter stated that
these ``cosmetic coatings'' should not be included in the definition of
coating for the purposes of the MACT
[[Page 22613]]
standards given their temporary nature and the fact that emissions from
these coatings are minimal.
Response: We agree that temporary coatings are applied differently
and serve a different function than the coatings intended to be
regulated. In addition, the data collected and used in the
determination of MACT, did not include temporary coatings. The
definition of coating operation has been written to exclude the
application of temporary materials such as protective oils and ``travel
waxes'' that are designed to be removed from the vehicle before the
vehicle is delivered to the retail purchaser.
Comment: A commenter recommended a minimum threshold cutoff for
purposes of applicability of the final rule and suggested that EPA
provide an exemption of 250 gal per year, similar to the usage cutoffs
in other MACT standards.
Response: The commenter did not provide any data to support the
inclusion of this type of exemption in the final rule. The MACT
determination took into account emissions and solids from ``special
colors.'' These materials are not exempt from the NSPS, and reporting
systems to account for them are presently in place at most, if not all,
assembly plants. The definition of coating operation in the final rule
has been revised to exclude ``touchup bottles,'' which will exempt some
materials used in very small quantities.
Comment: Approximately ten automobile and light-duty truck
facilities have received permits with case-by-case MACT determinations
under 40 CFR 63.40 and section 112(g) of the CAA. One commenter
questioned whether the final NESHAP would apply to such facilities or
if these facilities will continue to be subject to limits established
in their permits under section 112(g). Another commenter stated that
the section 112(g) permit requirements are more stringent than the
proposed MACT limits for existing sources. This commenter suggested
that EPA state in the final rule that the section 112(g) permits are
equivalent to the MACT limits for existing sources and provide these
facilities with the choice of keeping their section 112(g) permits or
having 8 years to comply with the MACT limits for existing sources.
Response: Based upon the process used for making section 112(g)
determinations and a brief review of some of the section 112(g)
determinations made for facilities in this industry, we expect that the
result of a thorough review would be that most or all of the section
112(g) determinations made for facilities in this industry are
equivalent to MACT. These reviews and equivalency determinations are
best done on a case-by-case basis by the permitting authority.
In accordance with 40 CFR 63.44(c), if the level of control
required by the emission standard issued under section 112(d) is less
stringent than the level of control required by a prior case-by-case
section 112(g) MACT determination pursuant to 40 CFR 63.43, the
permitting authority is not required to incorporate any less stringent
terms of the promulgated standard in the title V operating permit
applicable to the facility. In such a case, the permitting authority
may choose to have the section 112(g) MACT determination remain in
effect. Alternatively, the permitting authority may choose to have the
NESHAP come into effect for the facility in place of the section 112(g)
MACT determination. In this case, the facility may be given up to 8
years from the promulgation date of the NESHAP to comply with the
NESHAP. The changes in equipment, materials, monitoring, recordkeeping,
and reporting necessary to demonstrate compliance with the NESHAP
rather than with the section 112(g) determination and the fact that the
NESHAP are less stringent than the section 112(g) determination should
be taken into account in determining how much time the facility is
given to comply with the NESHAP.
In the less likely event that the level of control required by the
emission standard issued under section 112(d) is not found to be less
stringent than the level of control required by a prior case-by-case
section 112(g) MACT determination, then the facility must comply with
the NESHAP. In this case, the facility may be given up to 8 years from
the promulgation date of the NESHAP to comply with the NESHAP. The
changes in equipment, materials, monitoring, recordkeeping, and
reporting necessary to demonstrate compliance with the NESHAP rather
than with the section 112(g) determination and the fact that the NESHAP
are not less stringent than the section 112(g) determination should be
taken into account in determining how much time the facility is given
to comply with the NESHAP.
As an alternative, if the level of control required by the emission
standard issued under section 112(d) is not found to be less stringent
than the level of control required by a prior case-by-case section
112(g) MACT determination and the difference in stringency is small,
then the permitting authority could amend the facility's operating
permit to make it equivalent to the NESHAP and have the section 112(g)
MACT determination remain in effect. This approach may be less
burdensome on both the facility and the permitting authority than
having the NESHAP come into effect for the facility while achieving the
same environmental results.
B. Compliance Demonstration, Monitoring, and Emission Limits
Comment: The commenter stated that the CAA, EPA rules, and EPA
policy all authorize adoption of a Compliance Assurance Monitoring
(CAM) protocol as MACT monitoring for coating sources at automobile and
light-duty truck surface coating facilities. The commenter noted that
the proposed rule allows the use of the CAM protocol as an option for
compliance with certain aspects of the rule, but not for others, such
as control equipment effectiveness and monitoring. The commenter stated
that it is critical that the compliance provisions for the separate
coating MACT standards that are applicable be harmonized, not only with
each other, but also with the other coating standards that apply under
State Implementation Plan requirements (including reasonably available
control technology and best available control technology/lowest
achievable emission rate).
Response: The proposed rule referred to the Auto Protocol as an
option for compliance demonstration. This Auto Protocol does not
include CAM provisions and does not include any guidance for control
device efficiency monitoring. A CAM guidance document for automobile
and light-duty truck coating is under development, but has not been
completed. As described earlier in this preamble, we have provided an
option for certain facilities to continue using the thermal and
catalytic oxidizer temperature monitoring operating limits in 40 CFR
60.395(c). We have also removed the operating parameter requirements
for capture systems which capture emissions from downdraft spray booths
or from flash-off areas or bake ovens associated with downdraft spray
booths.
Comment: The commenter stated that, for the performance tests
required in proposed Sec. 63.3160(a) and (b), EPA should allow prior
performance tests, e.g., transfer efficiency, removal efficiency,
capture efficiency, destruction efficiency, oven solvent loading, to
satisfy the performance tests required by the standards. Since EPA has
agreed that HAP emitted from these operations behave in the same way as
VOC, there is no reason for redundant
[[Page 22614]]
testing. The commenter recommended that the scope and frequency of
testing for transfer efficiency, oven solvent loading, and spraybooth
capture efficiency be determined by the Auto Protocol.
According to the Auto Protocol, retesting of transfer efficiency is
required if there are significant product, processing, material, or
application equipment changes. Where parallel spraybooths are used,
testing is required for only one booth. Oven solvent loading is
determined with an initial compliance test followed by annual review of
system operating conditions. The most recent test result remains valid
as long as no significant changes have occurred in the coating
technology or processing. The commenter feels that annual variations in
color pallette or routine solvent blend adjustments are not significant
changes, and that a similar trigger should apply for spraybooth capture
efficiency testing. The affected source would maintain records
documenting the annual reevaluation and the basis for the decision on
whether retesting was required.
Response: We agree that the most recent test data can be used to
demonstrate compliance and to establish the operating limits required
by the final rule, provided that (1) the test was conducted using the
same methods and conditions specified in this subpart, (2) no equipment
changes have been made since the previous test (or you can demonstrate
the results are reliable despite the changes), and (3) the required
operating parameters were determined or sufficient data were collected
to establish them. The Auto Protocol includes guidance for scope and
frequency of testing for transfer efficiency and oven solvent loading
panel testing.
Comment: The commenter noted that proposed Sec. 63.3161(j),
covering the calculation of HAP emissions reduction for controlled
coating operations not using a liquid-liquid material balance, assumes
zero efficiency for the emission capture system and add-on control
device for periods of operating parameter or bypass line deviations,
including startup, shutdown, or malfunction. The commenter claims that
this approach is unrealistic and unduly penalizes facilities that may
have a minor parameter reporting problem, e.g., an automatic
temperature readout malfunction. The commenter requested that Sec.
63.3161 be written so that there is a generic way to calculate a
facility's destruction credit when a deviation has occurred. The
commenter suggested that facilities have the option to calculate an
appropriate destruction credit for the hours of the excursion based on
other available information.
Response: If a source has manually collected parameter data
indicating that an emission capture system or control device was
operating normally during a parameter monitoring system malfunction,
these data could be used to support and document that the source was
achieving the same overall control efficiency and the source would not
have to assume zero-percent efficiency. If a source has data indicating
the actual performance of an add-on emission capture system and control
device (e.g., percent capture measured at a reduced flow rate or
percent destruction efficiency measured at reduced thermal oxidizer
temperatures) during a deviation from operating limits or during a
malfunction of the monitoring system, then the source may use the
actual performance in determining compliance, provided the use of these
data are approved by the Administrator. The final rule has been written
to clarify that such data may be used rather than assuming that the
efficiency is zero.
Comment: A commenter asserted that establishing a MACT floor (and
monthly emission limits) based on the highest monthly average emission
rates at the best (as determined on an annual basis) performing
facilities would result in higher annual HAP emissions than the annual
average emissions of the best performing plants. The commenter cited as
an example the proposed MACT floor (and monthly emission limit) for the
combined electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final
repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive application
operations of 0.60 lbs/gal of applied coating solids, which the
commenter asserted is substantially higher (reflective of a less
stringent limit) than the annual average of the eight lowest emitting
plants (0.48 lbs/gal of applied coating solids).
The commenter asserted that the same deficiencies affect EPA's
proposed MACT floor for new and reconstructed sources, and noted that
EPA used the peak monthly emissions of the lowest annual emitting
source to establish a monthly average that is well above the actual
annual emission level of the lowest emitting source. The commenter
urged EPA to establish a MACT floor for new and existing sources that
has both monthly and annual emission limits.
Response: The automobiles and light-duty trucks coated at each
facility are coated in a variety of colors. This color variety is
present not only among the topcoats, but also among the primer-
surfacers. The make-up and content of each color varies. Each color,
for example, has its own unique organic HAP content, VOC content, and
volume solids content. The coating application system, and therefore
transfer efficiency, may also vary among the families of coatings
(e.g., solid color basecoats and metallic color basecoats) used at a
facility. The specific color mix produced varies from month-to-month.
As a result of this variation in color mix, the organic HAP emission
rate at a facility also varies from month-to-month.
We had monthly emission data upon which to base the standards. A
monthly emission limit is appropriate and has been promulgated.
Establishing a monthly emission limit based on annual emission rates
would result in the best performing plants being out of compliance
approximately 6 months per year. Such an emission limit would not
appropriately account for monthly variation in color mix. The final
standards reflect what is consistently achievable considering the
typical variation in demand for particular colors of vehicles. Having
both a monthly and an annual emission limit would be redundant and
burdensome (on both facilities and enforcement agencies), and would not
lead to additional emissions reductions. Actual annual emission rates
associated with consistent achievement of the final monthly standards
will be substantially lower than the monthly emission limits.
Establishing a standard of 0.48 lb/gal of applied coating solids and
requiring it to be met on an annual basis would not result in lower
emissions than a standard of 0.60 lb/gal of applied coating solids
which must be met each and every month.
Comment: A commenter noted the proposed NESHAP set limits of 0.01
lb of HAP per lb of material used for adhesive and sealer application
and 0.01 lb of HAP per lb of material used for deadener. Based on the
review of three permits, the commenter has determined the CAA section
112(g) value for adhesives and sealer application and the deadener
operations is that none of the materials used shall contain any
volatile HAP as defined by the suppliers' material safety data sheets
(MSDS). It does not appear to the commenter that these facilities were
included in the floor analysis.
The commenter encouraged EPA to ensure that these facilities were
included in the database if they were operating 18 months prior to the
proposal and they were operating during the base year for the floor
database.
Response: The base year of the database used to determine the MACT
[[Page 22615]]
floors for new and existing sources was 1997. These limits are based,
in part, on the detection limits (and the precision and accuracy
achievable at low concentrations) of available approved chemical
analytical methods. The MSDS typically report concentrations of less
than 0.01 lb noncarcinogenic HAP per lb material (less than 0.001 lb
carcinogenic HAP per lb material) as zero, indicating that the limits
suggested by the commenter are equivalent to those of the final rule.
The final rule provides that Method 311 is presumed (subject to
rebuttal) to take precedence over MSDS or other formulation data.
Facilities may be unable to reliably demonstrate that coatings contain
``no volatile HAP'' by this method.
Comment: A commenter stated that regulations under section 112 of
the CAA must include emission standards for each HAP that a category
emits and that the proposed regulations failed to comply with that
mandate. The commenter stated that even though the EPA states that
automobile coating sources emit many different HAP, including metals
such as lead, manganese, and chromium compounds, the Agency has
proposed standards for only organic HAP.
Response: Most of the coatings used in this subcategory do not
contain inorganic HAP. The only use of lead in coatings in this source
category is in electrodeposition primers. None of this lead is emitted
because these primers are applied by dip coating. Lead is being phased
out of electrodeposition primers. For spray applied coatings, most of
the inorganic HAP components of these coatings remain as solids in the
dry coating film on the parts being coated, are collected by the
circulating water under the spray booth floor grates, or are deposited
on the walls, floor, and grates of the spray booths and other equipment
in which they are applied. The waterwash systems which are present in
all primer-surfacer and topcoat spraybooths reduce the amount of
coating droplets, and thus inorganic HAP, emitted to the air. These
controls have been in place for many years. Facilities cannot operate
without these controls. Therefore, inorganic HAP emission levels are
expected to be very low and have not been quantified. The EPA has no
basis upon which to establish MACT for inorganic HAP, and the commenter
has supplied no data in support of an emission limit. Including control
requirements for waterwash systems in the final rule would not be
expected to result in additional emission reductions and would only add
to the regulatory burden on the industry.
Comment: A commenter claimed that the requirement to document that
a source is in continuous compliance with work practices is confusing
and should be modified and streamlined. Continuous documentation of
compliance with the work practice plan could be difficult, at best, and
appears to be unnecessary. Under the commenter's recommended language,
continuous compliance with the work practices would be confirmed by the
presence of the work practice plan and the documents used to verify
performance of the work practice activities, (i.e., operational or
maintenance records, documented inspections or internal audits, third
party certifications or similar practices).
Response: Continuous documentation is not required, rather the
recordkeeping requirements of Sec. 63.3130(n) call for documentation
that you are implementing the plan on a continuous basis. The records
cited by the commenter (i.e., operational or maintenance records,
documented inspections or internal audits) have been added to Sec.
63.3130(n) of the final rule as examples of documentation that
demonstrate you are implementing the plan on a continuous basis.
Comment: A commenter noted that the proposed NESHAP covered fewer
operations within the source category than the CAA section 112(g)
determinations completed to date. Additional operations covered by
section 112(g) determinations include purge and cleanup operations for
three facilities, foam and maintenance painting for two facilities, and
sound dampening application. The commenter encouraged EPA to include
these facilities in the database if they were operating 18 months prior
to proposal and were operating during the base year for the floor
database. The commenter feels that purge and cleanup operations, foam,
and maintenance painting operations should be identified individually
in the final rule or identified as part of a grouping of operations
with an overall emission limit.
Response: While facilities provided extensive data on purge
material usage to EPA in response to information collection requests
(ICR), estimates of recovery of these materials were extremely
variable, with facilities of similar operation estimating very
different recoveries. These data were not reliable enough to establish
MACT on a numerical basis. The EPA chose to limit emissions from these
operations through work practices. Cleaning material usage data were
also provided, however since (a) emissions from these materials are
rarely controlled, (b) EPA has no reliable data on the controllability
of cleaning operations, and (c) cleaning material usage is not well
correlated with vehicle production, EPA chose to limit emissions from
these operations through work practices. Foam is injected into body
panel cavities primarily for sound deadening and is subject to the
emission limit for deadeners. Industry representatives have indicated
in recent discussions that, as far as they know there are no HAP
emissions associated with foam. Deadener application (for sound
control) is subject to a standard based on the reliably demonstratable
composition of very low-HAP material. One facility reported the use of
cavity wax (no HAP content data were available and the facility assumed
that it resulted in essentially zero HAP emissions). We have excluded
maintenance coating from the final rule. No data were available upon
which to base a MACT floor for this operation.
Comment: A commenter stated that waterwash controls for paint spray
booths that are designed for particulate control are being evaluated
for VOC control. The commenter also stated that HAP are typically found
in large quantities in water-based coatings. With the increased use of
water-based coatings, and the requirement for site-specific parameter
limits, facilities may want to use the waterwash control as the primary
control for HAP. The commenter stated that no EPA test protocol has
been designed to address field testing of a waterwash control system
and requested that EPA provide industry and the regulatory agencies
with either an approved testing protocol or a technical guidance
document.
The commenter also stated that if this will be addressed as an
``alternate test method,'' it should be explicitly stated in the final
rule and asked what parameter limits EPA envisions for a facility to
monitor HAP removed by waterwash systems if capture credit is claimed.
Response: No facilities are presently using the spray booth
waterwash as a VOC or organic HAP control device and no specific method
for testing has been developed. If a facility wanted to use a device of
this type to control HAP, the same methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A, presently used for oxidizers and adsorbers might be adapted for this
purpose. Alternately, the test methods and operating parameter
monitoring applicable to wet scrubbers or wastewater treatment might be
adapted for this purpose. A source would be required to obtain approval
of an alternate test procedure and
[[Page 22616]]
monitoring approach of their choice under the General Provisions, if
these data were to be used to demonstrate compliance.
Comment: A commenter stated that in the ``Rationale for Selecting
the Proposed Standards'' portion of the preamble, EPA stated that five
formats were considered for the allowable organic HAP emission limits
from the affected sources. A limit of organic HAP emissions per unit of
surface area was rejected based on the inconsistent basis of the
surface area coated estimates by the different manufacturers. The
commenter noted that EPA further stated that ``The data that we
received were incomplete, and the methods of estimating vehicle surface
areas varied widely.'' The commenter noted that all United States
automobile manufacturers currently demonstrate compliance with their
lbs of VOC per gal of applied coating solids limits by using the Auto
Protocol. One of the essential components of the Auto Protocol is the
surface area coated. The commenter submitted that, if EPA feels that
the data are inconsistent and incomplete, then the Auto Protocol should
be revised to correct this deficiency or disregarded altogether.
Otherwise, the commenter recommends that the limits be re-evaluated
using the most current, statistically acceptable data for surface area
where appropriate.
Response: The Auto Protocol requires that surface areas of
different vehicle types be determined in a manner that is consistent
within the facility (so that material usage may be allocated to
specific days and specific spray booths). A consistent approach has not
been required from facility to facility, and it was not possible to
reliably compare reported surface area data between different
facilities.
C. Analytical Methods
Comment: A commenter noted that Sec. Sec. 63.3151 and 63.3171(e)
rely on Method 311 as one of the ways to determine the mass fraction of
HAP for demonstrating initial compliance. The proposed rule also
stipulated that if there is a ``disagreement'' between supplier or
manufacturer information and the results from test methods, then the
test method results take precedence. The commenter disagrees with the
presumption that the test results are correct, and pointed out that
there is considerable variability in the analytical test results even
when Method 311 is run carefully. The commenter cited technical causes
of variability including thermal stability, sample handling, reactivity
of some coatings, gas chromatograph (GC) column selection, and the
oven/column temperature profile. The commenter recommended that EPA
establish a ``confidence limit'' of 50 percent
for analyses conducted in accordance with Method 311.
The commenter noted that in past MACT standards, such as the MACT
for wood furniture, EPA has permitted sources to rebut test results.
The commenter also recommended that EPA allow the use of formulation
data for methanol, because in a coating with melamine resins, methanol
may be generated by the temperature in the injection column of the GC.
This methanol by-product would be recorded even though it is not
present in the coating.
Response: We agree that a variety of analytical techniques
(different columns, detectors, temperature programming, etc.) allowable
within the broad framework of Method 311 may lead to inconsistent
results if not optimized for the specific target analyte and background
interferences specific to a particular coating. The final rule provides
that in the event of any inconsistency between the Method 311 data
obtained by the permitting agency and the formulation data used by the
facility, or, between the Method 311 data obtained by the permitting
agency and analytical data obtained by the facility, the Method 311
data obtained by the permitting agency shall govern (excluding HAP
produced by chemical reaction in the analytical process), unless, after
consultation, the facility demonstrates to the satisfaction of the
enforcement authority that the facility's data are correct. Analyses of
known formulations by Method 311 have been demonstrated to be far less
variable than a 50 percent confidence interval
would imply. We have not set a specific tolerance level for this
analysis. Facilities that experience problems with specific
applications of Method 311 may choose to obtain statistical variance
data to support an explanation of a discrepancy between Method 311 data
and compositions obtained from formulation data or other sources.
Comment: The commenter recommended additional procedures to assure
consistency when using Method 311 for purposes of complying with the
final rule. The commenter suggested the following procedures to help
assure that the testing performed by the enforcement agency is
consistent with those tests run by the source (or coatings
manufacturer): (1) The facility would provide to the applicable agency
the determination of the proper test parameters to be used and the
temperature at which the analysis should be performed, (2) the facility
should have the option to divide any sample collected by the agency
that implements and enforces the MACT standards, and (3) both the
applicable control agency and the facility should be authorized to be
present while sampling and/or testing under Method 311 is being
conducted.
Response: The facility has the opportunity to provide any guidance
to the permitting agency to assist in the chemical analysis of the
coating, however, the final rule does not require the permitting agency
to follow the guidance of the facility in cases where it disagrees. The
facility has the opportunity to conduct parallel sampling of any
coating material that the permitting agency samples; no change to the
rule is necessary to permit this. It is not feasible to guarantee that
a representative of the facility may witness the chemical analysis.
Permitting agencies may use testing laboratories where scheduling is
uncertain and samples may be split for different analyses which may
take place in different labs (perhaps simultaneously).
D. Notifications, Reports, and Recordkeeping
Comment: A commenter noted that according to proposed Sec.
63.3110(c), notification of compliance status is due within 30 days
following the end of the initial compliance period. The commenter
requested the 60-day time period specified in the General Provisions,
Sec. 63.9(h) for submittal of the compliance notification.
Response: The final rule has been written to allow 60 days from the
end of the initial compliance period for submission of the notification
of compliance status. We recognize that additional time may be
necessary to confirm the accuracy of the methodology for calculating
the emission rate in the initial compliance period.
Comment: A commenter noted that EPA has historically differentiated
exceedences or excursions (now called deviations) from startup,
shutdown, and malfunction events and has used this terminology in other
MACT standards. Also, the recognition that they are different events is
further evidenced by requiring two separate reports in previous
standards: The periodic compliance report and the periodic startup,
shutdown, malfunction report. The commenter acknowledged that filing a
combined report saves time and resources and agrees with this as long
as the deviation reporting section is distinct from the startup,
shutdown, malfunction reporting section. The
[[Page 22617]]
commenter recommended that EPA write the final rule to reflect that
operations in accordance with SSMP are not deviations and are not
reported as such.
Response: Proposed Sec. 63.3163(h) provided that consistent with
Sec. Sec. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations that occur during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture
system, add-on control device, or coating operation that may affect
emission capture or control device efficiency are not violations if you
demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that you were operating
in accordance with the SSMP. The Administrator will determine whether
deviations that occur during a period you identify as a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction are violations according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e). According to Sec. 63.6(e), any affected source must at
all times meet the emission standard or comply with the SSMP.
E. Definitions
Comment: Commenter submits that the definition of ``initial
startup'' does not accurately describe what constitutes the startup of
a new source and recommended that the phrase ``the first time equipment
is brought online in a facility'' in the proposed definition be written
to ``the first time a salable product is produced.'' Otherwise the term
would include periods that are not representative of normal operation.
Response: We agree with the commenter that periods of equipment
testing and calibration prior to the time that production is commenced
may not be representative of the emissions reductions and control
device performance achievable in normal operation. The definition of
``initial startup'' in the final rule has been written to refer to the
first time a salable product is coated.
Comment: The commenter stated that the term ``container'' is used
repeatedly throughout the proposed rule and that the rule covers ``all
storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings, thinners, and
cleaning materials are stored and mixed.'' It is not clear whether the
term container would include tanks used to store certain solvents and
coatings.
Response: A definition of container has been added to the final
rule, covering coatings, solvents, and cleaning materials.
F. Amendment of RCRA Rule
Comment: A commenter noted that EPA states that currently air
emissions from the collection, transmission, and storage of purged
paint and solvent at these sources are regulated under RCRA. However,
in its proposed rule, EPA exempts these wastes from RCRA and transfers
the regulation under the CAA. The EPA further explains that ``this
exemption is considered to be less stringent than existing RCRA
regulations.'' The EPA also proposes to establish work practice
standards to control these emissions rather than numeric emission
standards.
The commenter submits that the CAA mandates floors that reflect
``the average emission limitation achieved by the best performing 12
percent of the existing sources (for which the Administrator has
emissions information). ``Also, EPA may only propose a work practice
standard MACT if the Agency demonstrates that it is ``not feasible to
prescribe or enforce an emission standard.'' The commenter asserts that
EPA does not demonstrate it is infeasible to prescribe or enforce an
emissions standard for the collection, transmission, and storage of
purged paint and solvent and thus, the proposed rule is unlawful. Also,
EPA fails to explain whether existing sources subject to RCRA are
reducing their HAP emissions and, if so, whether the existing RCRA
requirements could serve as the basis for establishing a MACT floor.
Finally, the commenter claims the Agency's proposal is arbitrary and
capricious because it fails to explain the consequences of transferring
regulatory authority from RCRA to CAA, how the shift in regulatory
authority results in less stringency, or identify the Agency's legal
authority to exempt HAP emissions from RCRA.
The commenter urges EPA to establish a MACT floor that considers
the emissions reductions at those sources currently subject to RCRA and
properly determine whether an emission standard, instead of work
practice standard, is appropriate for these sources.
Response: The NESHAP address both the capture of purged materials
and the transport and storage of purged materials after they have been
captured. This is more comprehensive than the existing RCRA rule being
amended which only addresses the transport and storage of purged
materials after they have been captured. The requirements of the final
NESHAP are, therefore, at least as effective as the requirements of the
existing RCRA rule. The language in the preamble to the proposed rule
cited by the commenter was not an assessment of the effect of the
proposed NESHAP on activities covered by the existing RCRA rule, nor
was it a comparison of the proposed NESHAP and the existing RCRA rule.
The language cited by the commenter was characterizing the proposed
revision to the RCRA rule as less stringent than the existing RCRA
rule. This comparison was made in the context of discussing whether
States would be required to adopt the revised RCRA rule. We consider an
exemption from RCRA rules to be less stringent than the retention of
those rules. Since it would be less stringent, States would not be
required to adopt the revised rule in their RCRA programs (RCRA section
3009). If we had considered the revision to be more stringent, States
then would be required to adopt and seek authorization for those
provisions (section 3006 of RCRA).
G. Risk Based Approaches
The preamble to the proposed rule requested comment on whether
there might be further ways to structure the final rule to focus on the
facilities which pose significant risks and avoid the imposition of
high costs on facilities that pose little risk to public health and the
environment. Specifically, we requested comment on the technical and
legal viability of two risk-based approaches: (1) an applicability
cutoff for threshold pollutants under the authority of CAA section
112(d)(4); and (2) subcategorization and delisting under the authority
of CAA sections 112(c)(1) and 112(c)(9). We indicated that we would
evaluate all comments before determining whether either approach would
be included in the final rule. Numerous commenters submitted detailed
comments on these risk-based approaches. These comments are summarized
in the Response-to-Comments document.
Based on our consideration of the comments received and other
factors, we have decided not to include the risk-based approaches in
today's final rule. The risk-based approaches described in the proposed
rule and addressed in the comments we received raise a number of
complex issues. In addition, we are under time pressure to complete the
final rule, because the statutory deadline for promulgation has passed
and a deadline suit has been filed against EPA. (See Sierra Club v.
Whitman, Civil Action No. 1:01CV01537 (D.D.C.).) Given the range of
issues raised by the risk-based approaches and the need to promulgate a
final rule expeditiously, we feel that it is appropriate not to include
any risk-based approaches in today's final rule. Nonetheless, we expect
to continue to consider risk-based approaches in connection with other
NESHAP where we have described and solicited comment on such
approaches. This
[[Page 22618]]
determination does not preclude future consideration of similar or
other risk-based approaches for this source category in the future.
V. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What Are the Air Impacts?
The final rule will decrease HAP emissions from automobile and
light-duty truck surface coating facilities from an estimated 10,000
tpy to 4,000 tpy. This represents a decrease of 6,000 tpy or 60
percent. The final rule will also decrease VOC by approximately 12,000
tpy to 18,000 tpy. These values were calculated in comparison to
baseline emissions reported to EPA by individual facilities for 1996 or
1997.
B. What Are the Cost Impacts?
The estimated total capital costs of compliance, including the
costs of monitors, is $670 million. This will result in an additional
annualized capital cost of $75 million.
The projected total annual costs, including capital recovery,
operating costs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting is $154
million per year.
The cost analysis assumed that each existing facility will use, in
the order presented, as many of the following four steps as necessary
to meet the emission limit. First, if needed, facilities that do not
already control their electrodeposition primer bake oven exhaust will
install and operate such control at an average cost of $8,200 per ton
of HAP controlled. Next, if needed, facilities will reduce the HAP-to-
VOC ratio of their primer-surfacer and topcoat materials to 0.3 from
1.0 at an average cost of $540 per ton of HAP controlled. Finally, if
needed, facilities will control the necessary volume of primer-surfacer
and topcoat spray booth exhaust gas at an average cost of $40,000 per
ton of HAP controlled. For all four steps combined, the average cost is
about $25,000 per ton of HAP controlled.
New facilities and new paint shops will incur little additional
cost to meet the emission limit. These facilities will already include
bake oven controls and partial spray booth exhaust controls for VOC
control purposes. New facilities may need to make some downward
adjustment in the HAP content of their materials to meet the emission
limit.
We received no detailed information on these cost elements in the
public comments. Therefore, we have not changed the cost estimates
since proposal.
C. What Are the Economic Impacts?
We prepared an economic impact analysis (EIA) to evaluate the
primary and secondary impacts the proposed rule would have on the
producers and consumers of automobiles and light-duty trucks, and
society as a whole. The analysis was conducted to determine the
economic impacts associated with the proposed rule at both the market
and industry levels. Overall, the analysis indicated a minimal change
in vehicle prices and production quantities. None of the changes made
since proposal have resulted in changes in costs, so the EIA prepared
for the proposed rule has not been updated for the final rule.
Based on the estimated compliance costs associated with the final
rule and the predicted changes in prices and production in the affected
industry, the estimated annual social cost of the rule is projected to
be $161 million (1999 dollars). The social costs take into account
changes in behavior by producers and consumers due to the imposition of
compliance costs. For this reason the estimated annual social costs
differ from the estimated annual engineering costs of $154 million.
Producers, in aggregate, are expected to bear $152 million annually in
costs while the consumers are expected to incur the remaining $10
million in social costs associated with the final rule.
The economic model projects an aggregate price increase for the
modeled vehicle classes of automobiles and light-duty trucks to be less
than 1/100th of 1 percent as a result of the final standards. This
represents at most an increase in price of $3.00 per vehicle. The model
also projects that directly affected producers will reduce total
production by approximately 1,400 vehicles per year. This represents
approximately 0.01 percent of the 12.7 million vehicles produced by the
potentially affected plants in 1999, the baseline year of analysis.
In terms of industry impacts, the automobile and light-duty truck
manufacturers are projected to experience a decrease in pre-tax
earnings of about 1 percent or $152 million. In comparison, total pre-
tax earnings for the affected plants included in the analysis exceeded
$14 billion in 1999. The reduction in pre-tax earnings of 1 percent
reflects an increase in production costs and a decline in revenues
earned from a reduction in the quantity of vehicles sold. Through the
market and industry impacts described above, the final rule will lead
to a redistribution of profits within the industry. Some facilities (28
percent) are projected to experience a profit increase under the final
rule; however, the majority (72 percent) that continue operating are
projected to lose profits. No facilities are projected to close due to
the final rule.
D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?
Solid waste and water impacts of the final rule are expected to be
negligible. Capture of additional organic HAP-laden streams and control
of these streams with regenerative thermal oxidizers is expected to
require an additional 180 million kilowatt hours per year and an
additional 4.9 billion standard cubic feet per year of natural gas.
VI. How Will the Amendments to 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265, Subparts BB,
of the Hazardous Waste Regulations Be Implemented in the States?
A. Applicability of Federal Rules in Authorized States
Under section 3006 of the RCRA, EPA may authorize a qualified State
to administer and enforce a hazardous waste program within the State in
lieu of the Federal program and to issue and enforce permits in the
State. A State may receive authorization by following the approval
process described under 40 CFR 271.21. See 40 CFR part 271 for the
overall standards and requirements for authorization. The EPA continues
to have independent authority to bring enforcement actions under RCRA
sections 3007, 3008, 3013, and 7003. An authorized State also continues
to have independent authority to bring enforcement actions under State
law.
After a State receives initial authorization, new Federal
requirements promulgated under RCRA authority existing prior to the
1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) do not apply in that
State until the State adopts and receives authorization for equivalent
State requirements. In contrast, under RCRA section 3006(g) (42 U.S.C.
6926(g)), new Federal requirements and prohibitions promulgated
pursuant to HSWA provisions take effect in authorized States at the
same time that they take effect in unauthorized States. As such, EPA
carries out HSWA requirements and prohibitions in authorized States,
including the issuance of new permits implementing those requirements,
until EPA authorizes the State to do so.
Authorized States are required to modify their programs when EPA
promulgates Federal requirements that
[[Page 22619]]
are more stringent or broader in scope than existing Federal
requirements. The RCRA section 3009 allows the States to impose
standards more stringent than those in the Federal program. (See also
40 CFR 271.1(i)). Therefore, authorized States are not required to
adopt Federal regulations, both HSWA and non-HSWA, that are considered
less stringent than existing Federal requirements.
B. Authorization of States for Today's Amendments
Currently, the air emissions from the collection, transmission, and
storage of captured purged paint and solvent at automobile and light-
duty truck assembly plants are regulated under the authority of RCRA
(see 40 CFR parts 264 and 265, subparts BB). Today's amendments will
exempt these wastes from regulation under RCRA and defer regulation to
the final NESHAP. This exemption is considered to be less stringent
than the existing RCRA regulations and, therefore, States are not
required to adopt and seek authorization for today's exemption.
However, EPA strongly encourages States to adopt today's amended RCRA
provisions and seek authorization for them to prevent duplication with
the NESHAP.
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''
and, therefore, subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review
and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that the final rule is a ``significant regulatory action,''
because it could have an annual impact on the economy of over $100
million. As such, this action was submitted to OMB for review. Changes
made in response to OMB suggestions or recommendations will be
documented in the public record.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in the final rule have been
submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44
U.S.C. 3501, et seq. The information collection requirements are not
enforceable until OMB approves them.
The information requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the General Provisions (40
CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all operators subject
to national emission standards. These recordkeeping and reporting
requirements are specifically authorized by section 114 of the CAA (42
U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to EPA pursuant to the
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of
confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA policies set
forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The final standards do not require any notifications or reports
beyond those required by the General Provisions. The recordkeeping
requirements require only the specific information needed to determine
compliance.
The annual monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping burden for this
collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date of
the final rule) is estimated to be 33,436 labor hours per year at a
total annual cost of $982,742. This estimate includes a one-time
performance test and report (with repeat tests where needed) for those
affected sources that choose to comply through the installation of new
capture systems and control devices; one-time purchase and installation
of CPMS for those affected sources that choose to comply through the
installation of new capture systems and control devices; preparation
and submission of work practice plans; one-time submission of a SSMP
with semiannual reports for any event when the procedures in the plan
were not followed; semiannual excess emission reports; maintenance
inspections; notifications; and recordkeeping. There are no additional
capital/startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements over
the 3-year period of the ICR. The monitoring related operation and
maintenance costs over this same period are estimated at $7,000.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When this ICR is approved by
OMB, the Agency will publish a technical amendment to 40 CFR part 9 in
the Federal Register to display the OMB control number for the approved
information collection requirements contained in the final rule.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a
regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with the final rule. For
purposes of assessing the impacts of today's rule on small entities for
the automobile and light-duty truck surface coating industry, a small
entity is defined as: (1) A small business according to Small Business
Administration size standards for companies identified by NAICS codes
33611 (automobile manufacturing) and 33621 (light-duty truck and
utility vehicle manufacturing) with 1,000 or fewer employees; (2) a
small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county,
town, school district, or special district with a population of less
than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit
enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not
dominant in its field. Based on the above definition, there are no
small entities presently engaged in automobile and light-duty truck
surface coating.
After considering the economic impacts of the final rule on small
entities, EPA has concluded that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
This is based
[[Page 22620]]
on the observation that the final rule affects no small entities since
none are engaged in the surface coating of automobiles and light-duty
trucks.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory
requirements.
The EPA has determined that the final rule contains a Federal
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private
sector in any 1 year. Specifically, the final rule may result in such
expenditures by the private sector. Accordingly, EPA has prepared under
section 202 of the UMRA a written statement (titled Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act Analysis for the Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks Coating
NESHAP) which is summarized below.
Statutory Authority
The statutory authority for the final rule is section 112 of the
CAA, enacted to reduce nationwide air toxics emissions. In compliance
with UMRA section 205(a), we identified and considered a reasonable
number of regulatory alternatives. Additional information on the costs
and environmental impacts of these regulatory alternatives is presented
in the docket. The regulatory alternative upon which the final rule is
based represents the MACT floor for automobile and light-duty truck
coating operations and, as a result, is the least costly and least
burdensome alternative.
Social Costs and Benefits
The regulatory impact analysis prepared for the final rule,
including EPA's assessment of costs and benefits, is detailed in the
``Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
Coating NESHAP'' in the docket. Based on the estimated compliance costs
associated with the rule and the predicted changes in prices and
production in the affected industry, the estimated annual social costs
of the final rule is projected to be $161 million (1999 dollars).
It is estimated that 5 years after implementation of the final
rule, HAP will be reduced from 10,000 tpy to 4,000 tpy. This represents
a 60 percent reduction (6,000 tpy) of toluene, xylene, glycol ethers,
MEK, MIBK, ethylbenzene, and methanol. Exposure to HAP can result in
the incidence of respiratory irritation, chest constriction, gastric
irritation, eye, nose, and throat irritation, as well as neurological
and blood effects, including fatigue, nausea, tremor, and anemia. Based
on scientific studies conducted over the past 20 years, EPA has
classified EGBE as a ``possible human carcinogen,'' while ethylbenzene,
MEK, toluene, and xylenes are considered by the Agency as ``not
classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.'' The studies upon which
these classifications are based have worked toward the determination of
a relationship between exposure to these HAP and the onset of cancer.
Monetization of the benefits of reductions in cancer incidences
requires several important inputs, including central estimates of
cancer risks, estimates of exposure to carcinogenic HAP, and estimates
of the value of an avoided case of cancer (fatal and non-fatal).
Currently, EPA relies on unit risk factors (URF) developed through risk
assessment procedures. The unit risk factor is a quantitative estimate
of the carcinogenic potency of a pollutant, often expressed as the
probability of contracting cancer from a 70-year lifetime continuous
exposure to a concentration of one [mu]g/m\3\ of a pollutant. These URF
are designed to be conservative, and as such, are more likely to
represent the high end of the distribution of risk rather than a best
or most likely estimate of risk.
In a typical analysis of the expected health benefits of a
regulation (e.g., ``Regulatory Impact Analysis: Heavy-Duty Engine and
Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements'', December 2000,
EPA420-R-00-026), health effects are estimated by applying changes in
pollutant concentrations to best estimates of risk obtained from
epidemiological studies. As the purpose of a benefit analysis is to
describe the benefits most likely to occur from a reduction in
pollution, use of high-end, conservative risk estimates will lead to a
biased estimate of the expected benefits of the final rule. While we
used high-end risk estimates in past analyses, recent advice from the
EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) and internal methods reviews have
suggested that we avoid using high-end estimates in current analyses.
For these reasons, we will not attempt to quantify the health benefits
of reductions in HAP unless best estimates of risks are available.
Also, limited input data on noncancer effects associated with exposure
to these HAP do not allow us to quantify the benefits from risk
reductions of these effects. Thus, we are unable to provide a monetized
estimate of the benefits of HAP reduced by the final rule at this time.
The EPA is working with the SAB to develop better methods for analyzing
the benefits of reductions in HAP.
We conducted a rough risk assessment which indicated that both the
baseline level of adverse health effects and the effects of the final
rule on human health are small. This rough risk assessment is available
in the docket. The risk estimates from this rough assessment were based
on typical facility configurations (i.e., model plants) and are subject
to significant uncertainties.
The rough risk assessment indicated that currently there may be up
to 100 people exposed to HAP above reference concentration (RfC) levels
as a result of emissions from these facilities. The emission reductions
required by the final rule would bring all, or almost all, of these
people to exposures below the RfC. The rough risk assessment also
indicated that currently no one would be exposed to a lifetime cancer
risk above 10 in a million and perhaps 6,000
[[Page 22621]]
people are exposed to a lifetime cancer risk above 1 in a million as a
result of emissions from these facilities. The final rule is not
expected to have any significant impact on cancer risk. A more refined
risk assessment will be performed as part of the residual risk analysis
which is required to occur within 8 years after promulgation of the
final rule.
The control technology to reduce the level of HAP emitted from
automobile and light-duty truck coating operations is also expected to
reduce emissions of criteria pollutants, particularly VOC.
Specifically, the final rule achieves a 12,000 to 18,000 tpy reduction
in VOC. This represents a significant reduction of VOC emissions from
these sources, but less than 1 percent of national VOC emissions. The
VOC is a precursor to tropospheric (ground-level) ozone and a small
percentage also precipitate in the atmosphere to form particulate
matter (PM).
Although we were not able to estimate the monetary value associated
with VOC reductions, the health and welfare effects from exposure to
ground-level ozone are well documented. Elevated concentrations of
ground-level ozone primarily may result in acute respiratory-related
impacts such as coughing and difficulty breathing. Chronic exposure to
ground-level ozone may lead to structural damage to the lungs,
alterations in lung capacity and breathing frequency, increased
sensitivity of airways, eye, nose, and throat irritation, malaise, and
nausea. Adverse ozone welfare effects include damage to agricultural
crops, ornamental plants, and materials damage. Though only a small
fraction of VOC forms PM, exposure to PM can result in human health and
welfare effects, including excess deaths, morbidity, soiling and
materials damage, as well as reduced visibility.
To the extent that reduced exposure to HAP and VOC reduces the
instances of the above described health effects, benefits from the
final rule will be realized by society through an improvement in
environmental quality.
Future and Disproportionate Costs
The UMRA requires that we estimate, where accurate estimation is
reasonably feasible, future compliance costs imposed by the final rule
and any disproportionate budgetary effects. We do not feel that there
will be any disproportionate budgetary effects of the final rule on any
particular areas of the country, State, or local governments, types of
communities (e.g., urban, rural), or particular industry segments.
Effects on the National Economy
The UMRA requires that we estimate the effect of the rule on the
national economy. To the extent feasible, we must estimate the effect
on productivity, economic growth, full employment, creation of
productive jobs, and international competitiveness of United States
goods and services if we determine that accurate estimates are
reasonably feasible and that such effect is relevant and material.
The nationwide economic impact of the final rule is presented in
the EIA. That analysis provides estimates of the effect of the rule on
some of the categories mentioned above.
The estimated direct cost to the automobile and light-duty truck
manufacturing industry of compliance with the final rule is
approximately $154 million (1999 dollars) annually. Indirect costs of
the final rule to industries other than the automobile and light-duty
truck manufacturing industry, governments, tribes, and other affected
entities are expected to be minor. The final rule is expected to have
little impact on domestic productivity, economic growth, full
employment, energy markets, creation of productive jobs, and the
international competitiveness of United States goods and services.
Consultation With Government Officials
Although the final rule does not affect any State, local, or tribal
governments, we have consulted with State and local air pollution
control officials. The EPA has held meetings on the final rule with
many of the stakeholders from numerous individual companies,
environmental groups, consultants and vendors, and other interested
parties. The EPA has added materials to the docket to document these
meetings.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999) requires EPA
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have
federalism implications'' are defined in the Executive Order to include
regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on
the relationship between the national government and the States, or on
the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels
of government.''
The final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Pursuant to the terms of
Executive Order 13132, it has been determined that the final rule does
not have ``federalism implications'' because it does not meet the
necessary criteria. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to the
final rule.
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000) requires EPA
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely
input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies
that have tribal implications.'' The final rule does not have tribal
implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. The EPA is not
aware of tribal governments that own or operate automobile and light-
duty truck surface coating facilities. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does
not apply to the final rule.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any
rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' as
defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental
health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets
both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or safety
effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the planned
regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably
feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. The final rule is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is based on technology
performance and not on health or safety risks.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
The final rule is not a ``significant energy action'' as defined in
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22,
[[Page 22622]]
2001) because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on
the supply, distribution, or use of energy.
The final rule affects the automobile and light-duty truck
manufacturing industries. There is no crude oil, fuel, or coal
production from these industries, therefore there is no direct effect
on such energy production related to implementation of the final rule.
In addition, the cost of energy distribution will not be affected by
the final rule since the rule does not affect energy distribution
facilities.
The final rule is projected to trigger an increase in energy use
due to the installation and operation of additional pollution control
equipment. The estimated increase in energy consumption is 4.9 billion
standard cubic feet per year of natural gas and 180 million kilowatt
hours per year of electricity nationwide. The nationwide cost of this
increased energy consumption is estimated at $26 million per year.
The increase in energy costs does not reflect changes in energy
prices, but rather an increase in the quantity of electricity and
natural gas demanded. Given that the existing electricity generation
capacity in the United States was 785,990 megawatts in 1999\1\ and that
23,755 billion cubic feet of natural gas was produced domestically in
the same year,\2\ the final rule is not likely to have any significant
adverse impact on energy prices, distribution, availability, or use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ U.S. Department of Energy. 1999. Electric Power Annual,
Volume I. Table A2: Industry Capability by Fuel Source and Industry
Sector, 1999 and 1998 (Megawatts).
\2\ U.S. Department of Energy. 1999. Natural Gas Annual. Table
1: Summary Statistics for Natural Gas in the United States, 1995-
1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
As noted in the proposed rule, Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law
104-113; section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use
voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in its regulatory activities unless
to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise
impractical. The VCS are technical standards (e.g., materials
specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business
practices) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies. The NTTAA
directs EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the
Agency decides not to use available and applicable VCS.
The final rule involves technical standards. The EPA cites the
following standards in the final rule: EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C,
2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, and 311. Consistent
with the NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS in addition to
these EPA methods. No applicable VCS were identified for EPA Methods
1A, 2A, 2D, 2F, 2G, 204, 204A through 204F and 311. The search and
review results have been documented and are placed in Docket ID No.
OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
The eight VCS described below were identified as acceptable
alternatives to EPA test methods for the purposes of the final rule.
The VCS ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses
[Part 10, Instruments and Apparatus],'' is cited in the final rule for
its manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide content of exhaust gas. This part of ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981,
Part 10, is an acceptable alternative to Method 3B.
The two VCS, ASTM D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998), ``Standard Test
Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings,''
and ASTM D6093-97 (Reapproved 2003), ``Standard Test Method for Percent
Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium
Gas Pycnometer,'' are cited in the final rule as acceptable
alternatives to EPA Method 24 to determine the volume solids content of
coatings. Currently, EPA Method 24 does not have a procedure for
determining the volume of solids in coatings. The two VCS augment the
procedures in Method 24, which currently states that volume solids
content be calculated from the coating manufacturer's formulation. In
addition, we are separately specifying the use of ASTM D1475-98
(Reapproved 2003) for measuring the density of each coating, thinner
and/or additive, and cleaning material.
The VCS, ASTM D5066-91 (Reapproved 2001), ``Standard Test Method
for Determination of the Transfer Efficiency Under Production
Conditions for Spray Application of Automotive Paints-Weight Basis,''
is cited in the final rule as an acceptable procedure to measure
transfer efficiency of spray coatings. Currently, no EPA method is
available to measure transfer efficiency.
The two VCS, ASTM D6266-00a, ``Test Method for Determining the
Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released from Waterborne
Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device
(Abatement),'' and ASTM D5087-02 (Reapproved 1994), ``Standard Test
Method for Determining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings and Available for
Removal in a VOC Control Device (Abatement),'' are cited in the final
rule as acceptable procedures to measure solvent loading (related to
capture efficiency) for the heated flash zone for waterborne basecoats
and for bake ovens. Currently, no EPA method is available to measure
solvent loading for automobile and light-duty truck coatings. In
addition, ASTM D5965-02, ``Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity
of Coating Powders,'' is specified in the rule as a method to determine
the volume solids of powder coatings.
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 1991), and ASTM D5403-93 are already
incorporated by reference (IBR) in EPA Method 24. Five VCS: ASTM D1979-
91, ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-93, and ASTM PS9-94 are
IBR in EPA Method 311.
In addition to the VCS included in the final rule, the search for
emissions measurement procedures identified 14 other VCS. The EPA
determined that 11 of these 14 standards identified for measuring
emissions of the HAP or surrogates subject to emission standards in the
final rule were impractical alternatives to EPA test methods.
Therefore, EPA did not adopt these standards for this purpose. (See
Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22 for further
information on the methods.)
Sections 63.3161 and 63.3166 of the final rule list the EPA testing
methods included in the final rule. Under Sec. 63.7(f) of subpart A of
the General Provisions, a source may apply to EPA for permission to use
alternative test methods in place of any of the EPA testing methods.
J. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801, et seq., as added by
the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996,
generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency
promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy
of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller
General of the United States. The EPA will submit a report containing
the final rule and other required information to the United States
Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and the Comptroller
General of the United States prior to publication of the final
[[Page 22623]]
rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot take effect until 60
days after it is published in the Federal Register. This action is a
major rule as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). The final rule will be
effective 60 days after April 26, 2004.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: February 26, 2004.
Michael O. Leavitt,
Administrator.
0
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, parts 63,
264, and 265 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
0
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A--[Amended]
0
2. Section 63.14 is amended by adding and reserving new paragraph
(b)(35), adding new paragraphs (b)(36), (37), and (38), and revising
paragraphs (b)(24), (25), (26), and (32), and (i)(3) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.14 Incorporations by reference
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(24) ASTM D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998), ``Standard Test Method for
Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings,'' IBR
approved for Sec. Sec. 63.3161(f)(1), 63.3521(b)(1), 63.3941(b)(1),
63.4141(b)(1), 63.4741(b)(1), 63.4941(b)(1), and 63.5160(c).
(25) ASTM D6093-97 (Reapproved 2003), ``Standard Test Method for
Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using
a Helium Gas Pycnometer,'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 63.3161(f)(1),
63.3521(b)(1), 63.3941(b)(1), 63.4141(b)(1), 63.4741(b)(1),
63.4941(b)(1), and 63.5160(c).
(26) ASTM D1475-98 (Reapproved 2003), ``Standard Test Method for
Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products,'' IBR approved
for Sec. Sec. 63.3151(b), 63.3941(b)(4), 63.3941(c), 63.3951(c),
63.4141(b)(3), 63.4141(c), and 63.4551(c).
* * * * *
(32) ASTM D5965-02, ``Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of
Coating Powders,'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 63.3151(b) and
63.3951(c).
* * * * *
(35) [Reserved]
(36) ASTM D5066-91 (Reapproved 2001), ``Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Transfer Efficiency Under Production Conditions
for Spray Application of Automotive Paints-Weight Basis,'' IBR approved
for Sec. 63.3161(g).
(37) ASTM D5087-02, ``Standard Test Method for Determining Amount
of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released from Solventborne
Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device
(Abatement),'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 63.3165(e) and 63.3176,
appendix A.
(38) ASTM D6266-00a, ``Test Method for Determining the Amount of
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released from Waterborne Automotive
Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device
(Abatement),'' IBR approved for Sec. 63.3165(e).
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(3) ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part
10, Instruments and Apparatus],'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
63.865(b), 63.3166(a)(3), 63.3360(e)(1)(iii), 63.3545(a)(3),
63.3555(a)(3), 63.4166(a)(3), 63.4362(a)(3), 63.4766(a)(3),
63.4965(a)(3), 63.5160(d)(1)(iii), 63.9307(c)(2), and 63.9323(a)(3).
* * * * *
0
3. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart IIII to read as follows:
Subpart IIII--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants: Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
Sec.
What This Subpart Covers
63.3080 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.3081 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.3082 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.3083 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
Emission Limitations
63.3090 What emission limits must I meet for a new or reconstructed
affected source?
63.3091 What emission limits must I meet for an existing affected
source?
63.3092 How must I control emissions from my electrodeposition
primer system if I want to comply with the combined primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding
adhesive emission limit?
63.3093 What operating limits must I meet?
63.3094 What work practice standards must I meet?
General Compliance Requirements
63.3100 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.3101 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
63.3110 What notifications must I submit?
63.3120 What reports must I submit?
63.3130 What records must I keep?
63.3131 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
Compliance Requirements for Adhesive, Sealer, and Deadener
63.3150 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.3151 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3152 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Combined Electrodeposition Primer,
Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat, Final Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass
Bonding Adhesive Emission Limitations
63.3160 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.3161 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.3162 [Reserved]
63.3163 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.3164 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.3165 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.3166 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
63.3167 How do I establish the add-on control device operating
limits during the performance test?
63.3168 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
Compliance Requirements for the Combined Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat,
Final Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass Bonding Adhesive Emission
Limitations and the Separate Electrodeposition Primer Emission
Limitations
63.3170 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.3171 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.3172 [Reserved]
63.3173 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Other Requirements and Information
63.3175 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.3176 What definitions apply to this subpart?
[[Page 22624]]
Tables to Subpart IIII of Part 63
Table 1 to Subpart IIII of Part 63. Operating Limits for Capture
Systems and Add-On Control Devices
Table 2 to Subpart IIII of Part 63. Applicability of General
Provisions to Subpart IIII of Part 63
Table 3 to Subpart IIII of Part 63. Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
Table 4 to Subpart IIII of Part 63. Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups
Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part 63--Determination of Capture
Efficiency of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Spray Booth Emissions
from Solvent-borne Coatings Using Panel Testing
Subpart IIII--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
What This Subpart Covers
Sec. 63.3080 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for facilities which surface coat new
automobile or new light-duty truck bodies or body parts for new
automobiles or new light-duty trucks. This subpart also establishes
requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the
emission limitations.
Sec. 63.3081 Am I subject to this subpart?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the source
category to which this subpart applies is automobile and light-duty
truck surface coating.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec.
63.3082, that is located at a facility which applies topcoat to new
automobile or new light-duty truck bodies or body parts for new
automobiles or new light-duty trucks, and that is a major source, is
located at a major source, or is part of a major source of emissions of
hazardous air pollutants (HAP). A major source of HAP emissions is any
stationary source or group of stationary sources located within a
contiguous area and under common control that emits or has the
potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams (Mg) (10
tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 22.68 Mg
(25 tons) or more per year.
(c) This subpart does not apply to surface coating, surface
preparation, or cleaning activities that meet the criteria of paragraph
(c)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) Surface coating subject to any other NESHAP in this part as of
June 25, 2004 except as provided in Sec. 63.3082(c).
(2) Surface coating that occurs during research or laboratory
activities or that is part of janitorial, building, and facility
maintenance operations, including maintenance spray booths used for
painting production equipment, furniture, signage, etc., for use within
the plant.
Sec. 63.3082 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source.
(b) The affected source is the collection of all of the items
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section that are used
for surface coating of new automobile or new light-duty truck bodies,
or body parts for new automobiles or new light-duty trucks:
(1) All coating operations as defined in Sec. 63.3176.
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed.
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials.
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating operation.
(c) In addition, you may choose to include in your affected source,
and thereby make subject to the requirements of this subpart, any
coating operations, as defined in Sec. 63.3176, which would otherwise
be subject to the NESHAP for surface coating of miscellaneous metal
parts and products (subpart MMMM of this part) or surface coating of
plastic parts and products (subpart PPPP of this part) which apply
coatings to parts intended for use in new automobiles or new light-duty
trucks or as aftermarket repair or replacement parts for automobiles or
light-duty trucks.
(d) For all coating operations which you choose to add to your
affected source pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section:
(1) All associated storage containers and mixing vessels in which
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed; manual
and automated equipment and containers used for conveying coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials; and storage containers and manual and
automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste materials
are also included in your affected source and are subject to the
requirements of this subpart.
(2) All cleaning and purging of equipment associated with the added
surface coating operations is subject to the requirements of this
subpart.
(3) You must identify and describe all additions to the affected
source made pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section in the initial
notification required in Sec. 63.3110(b).
(e) An affected source is a new affected source if you commenced
its construction after December 24, 2002, and the construction is of a
completely new automobile and light-duty truck assembly plant where
previously no automobile and light-duty truck assembly plant had
existed, a completely new automobile and light-duty truck paint shop
where previously no automobile and light-duty truck paint shop had
existed, or a new automobile and light-duty truck topcoat operation
where previously no automobile and light-duty truck topcoat operation
had existed.
(f) An affected source is reconstructed if its paint shop undergoes
replacement of components to such an extent that:
(1) The fixed capital cost of the new components exceeded 50
percent of the fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a
new paint shop; and
(2) It was technologically and economically feasible for the
reconstructed source to meet the relevant standards established by the
Administrator pursuant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA).
(g) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.
Sec. 63.3083 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstrations described in Sec. Sec.
63.3150, 63.3160, and 63.3170.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before June 25, 2004, the compliance date is June 25, 2004.
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after June 25, 2004, the compliance date is the date of
initial startup of your affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is April
26, 2007.
[[Page 22625]]
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or June 25,
2004, whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or April 26, 2007,
whichever is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.3110
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.
Emission Limitations
Sec. 63.3090 What emission limits must I meet for a new or
reconstructed affected source?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must
limit combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings
and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) to no more than 0.036 kilogram (kg)/liter (0.30 pound (lb)/
gallon (gal)) of coating solids deposited during each month, determined
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3161.
(b) If you meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b),
you must either meet the emission limits of paragraph (a) of this
section or limit combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) to no more than
0.060 kg/liter (0.50 lb/gal) of applied coating solids used during each
month, determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3171. If
you do not have an electrodeposition primer system, you must limit
combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener
materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not components
of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the
affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) to no more than 0.060 kg/
liter (0.50 lb/gal) of applied coating solids used during each month,
determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3171.
(c) You must limit average organic HAP emissions from all adhesive
and sealer materials other than materials used as components of glass
bonding systems to no more than 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of adhesive and
sealer material used during each month.
(d) You must limit average organic HAP emissions from all deadener
materials to no more than 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of deadener material used
during each month.
(e) For coatings and thinners used in coating operations added to
the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c):
(1) Adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass
bonding systems are subject to and must be included in your
demonstration of compliance for paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Deadener materials are subject to and must be included in your
demonstration of compliance for paragraph (d) of this section.
(3) All other coatings and thinners are subject to and must be
included in your demonstration of compliance for paragraphs (a) or (b)
of this section.
(f) If your facility has multiple paint lines (e.g., two or more
totally distinct paint lines each serving a distinct assembly line, or
a facility with two or more paint lines sharing the same paint kitchen
or mix room), then for the operations addressed in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this section:
(1) You may choose to use a single grouping under paragraph (a) of
this section for all of your electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations.
(2) You may choose to use a single grouping under paragraph (b) of
this section for all of your primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair,
glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations as long as
each of your electrodeposition primer systems meets the operating
limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
(3) You may choose to use one or more groupings under paragraph (a)
of this section for the electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations from one or more of your paint lines; and one or more
groupings under paragraph (b) of this section for the primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations from the remainder of your paint lines, as long as each
electrodeposition primer system associated with each paint line you
include in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this section meets the
operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b). For example, if your
facility has three paint lines, you may choose to use one grouping
under paragraph (a) of this section for two of the paint lines; and a
separate grouping under paragraph (b) of this section for the third
paint line, as long as the electrodeposition primer system associated
with the paint line you include in the grouping under paragraph (b) of
this section meets the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
Alternatively, you may choose to use one grouping for two of the paint
lines and a separate grouping of the same type for the third paint
line. Again, each electrodeposition primer system associated with each
paint line you include in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this
section must meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
(4) You may choose to consider the electrodeposition primer,
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations from each of your paint lines as a separate
grouping under either paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this section.
The electrodeposition primer system associated with each paint line you
choose to consider in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this section
must meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b). For example,
if your facility has two paint lines, you may choose to use the
grouping under paragraph (a) of this section for one paint line and the
grouping under paragraph (b) of this section for the other paint line.
Sec. 63.3091 What emission limits must I meet for an existing
affected source?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must
limit combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings
and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
[[Page 22626]]
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) to no more than 0.072 kg/liter (0.60 lb/gal) of coating
solids deposited during each month, determined according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.3161.
(b) If you meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b),
you must either meet the emission limits of paragraph (a) of this
section or limit combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) to no more than
0.132 kg/liter (1.10 lb/gal) of coating solids deposited during each
month, determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3171. If
you do not have an electrodeposition primer system, you must limit
combined organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener
materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not components
of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the
affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) to no more than 0.132 kg/
liter (1.10 lb/gal) of coating solids deposited during each month,
determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3171.
(c) You must limit average organic HAP emissions from all adhesive
and sealer materials other than materials used as components of glass
bonding systems to no more than 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of adhesive and
sealer material used during each month.
(d) You must limit average organic HAP emissions from all deadener
materials to no more than 0.010 kg/kg (lb/lb) of deadener material used
during each month.
(e) For coatings and thinners used in coating operations added to
the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c):
(1) Adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass
bonding systems are subject to and must be included in your
demonstration of compliance for paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Deadener materials are subject to and must be included in your
demonstration of compliance for paragraph (d) of this section.
(3) All other coatings and thinners are subject to and must be
included in your demonstration of compliance for paragraphs (a) or (b)
of this section.
(f) If your facility has multiple paint lines (e.g., two or more
totally distinct paint lines each serving a distinct assembly line, or
a facility with two or more paint lines sharing the same paint kitchen
or mix room), then for the operations addressed in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this section:
(1) You may choose to use a single grouping under paragraph (a) of
this section for all of your electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations.
(2) You may choose to use a single grouping under paragraph (b) of
this section for all of your primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair,
glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations, as long as
each of your electrodeposition primer systems meets the operating
limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
(3) You may choose to use one or more groupings under paragraph (a)
of this section for the electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations from one or more of your paint lines; and one or more
groupings under paragraph (b) of this section for the primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations from the remainder of your paint lines, as long as each
electrodeposition primer system associated with each paint line you
include in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this section meets the
operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b). For example, if your
facility has three paint lines, you may choose to use one grouping
under paragraph (a) of this section for two of the paint lines and a
separate grouping under paragraph (b) of this section for the third
paint line, as long as the electrodeposition primer system associated
with the paint line you include in the grouping under paragraph (b) of
this section meets the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
Alternatively, you may choose to use one grouping for two of the paint
lines and a separate grouping of the same type for the third paint
line. Again, each electrodeposition primer system associated with each
paint line you include in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this
section must meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
(4) You may choose to consider the electrodeposition primer,
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations from each of your paint lines as a separate
grouping under either paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this section.
The electrodeposition primer system associated with each paint line you
choose to consider in a grouping under paragraph (b) of this section
must meet the operating limits of Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b). For example,
if your facility has two paint lines, you may choose to use the
grouping under paragraph (a) of this section for one paint line and the
grouping under paragraph (b) of this section for the other paint line.
Sec. 63.3092 How must I control emissions from my electrodeposition
primer system if I want to comply with the combined primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
emission limit?
If your electrodeposition primer system meets the requirements of
either paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, you may choose to comply
with the emission limits of Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b)
instead of the emission limits of Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a).
(a) Each individual material added to the electrodeposition primer
system contains no more than:
(1) 1.0 percent by weight of any organic HAP; and
(2) 0.10 percent by weight of any organic HAP which is an
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogen
as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4).
(b) Emissions from all bake ovens used to cure electrodeposition
primers must be captured and ducted to a control device having a
destruction or removal efficiency of at least 95 percent.
Sec. 63.3093 What operating limits must I meet?
(a) You are not required to meet any operating limits for any
coating operation(s) without add-on controls.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, for any
controlled coating operation(s), you must meet the operating limits
specified in Table 1 to this subpart. These operating limits apply to
the emission capture and add-on control systems on the coating
operation(s) for which you use this option, and you must establish the
operating limits during the performance test according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.3167. You must meet the operating limits at
all times after you establish them.
(c) If you choose to meet the emission limitations of Sec.
63.3092(b) and the emission limits of Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec.
63.3091(b), then except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section,
you must operate the capture system and add-on control device used to
capture and control emissions from your
[[Page 22627]]
electrodeposition primer bake oven(s) so that they meet the operating
limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart.
(d) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
Table 1 to this subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter
and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f).
Sec. 63.3094 What work practice standards must I meet?
(a) [Reserved]
(b) You must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize
organic HAP emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying of
coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in, and waste materials
generated by, all coating operations for which emission limits are
established under Sec. 63.3090(a) through (d) or Sec. 63.3091(a)
through (d). The plan must specify practices and procedures to ensure
that, at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through
(5) of this section are implemented.
(1) All organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning
materials, and waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
(2) The risk of spills of organic-HAP-containing coatings,
thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning materials,
and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in
closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels, other than day tanks equipped with continuous
agitation systems, which contain organic-HAP-containing coatings and
other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or
mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) You must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize
organic HAP emissions from cleaning and from purging of equipment
associated with all coating operations for which emission limits are
established under Sec. 63.3090(a) through (d) or Sec. 63.3091(a)
through (d).
(1) The plan shall, at a minimum, address each of the operations
listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section in which
you use organic-HAP-containing materials or in which there is a
potential for emission of organic HAP.
(i) The plan must address vehicle body wipe emissions through one
or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) through (E)
of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of solvent-moistened wipes.
(B) Keeping solvent containers closed when not in use.
(C) Keeping wipe disposal/recovery containers closed when not in
use.
(D) Use of tack-wipes.
(E) Use of solvents containing less than 1 percent organic HAP by
weight.
(ii) The plan must address coating line purging emissions through
one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)(A)
through (D) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Air/solvent push-out.
(B) Capture and reclaim or recovery of purge materials (excluding
applicator nozzles/tips).
(C) Block painting to the maximum extent feasible.
(D) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP solvents for purge.
(iii) The plan must address emissions from flushing of coating
systems through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs
(c)(1)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Keeping solvent tanks closed.
(B) Recovering and recycling solvents.
(C) Keeping recovered/recycled solvent tanks closed.
(D) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP solvents.
(iv) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth
grates through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs
(c)(1)(iv)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Controlled burn-off.
(B) Rinsing with high-pressure water (in place).
(C) Rinsing with high-pressure water (off line).
(D) Use of spray-on masking or other type of liquid masking.
(E) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP content cleaners.
(v) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth
walls through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs
(c)(1)(v)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of masking materials (contact paper, plastic sheet, or
other similar type of material).
(B) Use of spray-on masking.
(C) Use of rags and manual wipes instead of spray application when
cleaning walls.
(D) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP content cleaners.
(E) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(vi) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth
equipment through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs
(c)(1)(vi)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of covers on equipment (disposable or reusable).
(B) Use of parts cleaners (off-line submersion cleaning).
(C) Use of spray-on masking or other protective coatings.
(D) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP content cleaners.
(E) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(vii) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of external
spray booth areas through one or more of the techniques listed in
paragraphs (c)(1)(vii)(A) through (F) of this section, or an approved
alternative.
(A) Use of removable floor coverings (paper, foil, plastic, or
similar type of material).
(B) Use of manual and/or mechanical scrubbers, rags, or wipes
instead of spray application.
(C) Use of shoe cleaners to eliminate coating track-out from spray
booths.
(D) Use of booties or shoe wraps.
(E) Use of low-HAP or no-HAP content cleaners.
(F) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(viii) The plan must address emissions from housekeeping measures
not addressed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section
through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs
(c)(1)(viii)(A) through (C) of this section, or an approved
alternative.
(A) Keeping solvent-laden articles (cloths, paper, plastic, rags,
wipes, and similar items) in covered containers when not in use.
(B) Storing new and used solvents in closed containers.
(C) Transferring of solvents in a manner to minimize the risk of
spills.
(2) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1)(i)
through (viii) of this section, if the type of coatings used in any
facility with surface coating operations subject to the requirements of
this section are of such a nature that the need for one or more of the
practices specified under paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) is
eliminated, then the plan may include approved alternative or
equivalent measures that are applicable or necessary during cleaning of
storage, conveying, and application equipment.
(d) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), may choose to grant you permission to use an alternative
to the work practice standards in this section.
(e) The work practice plans developed in accordance with paragraphs
(b) and
[[Page 22628]]
(c) of this section are not required to be incorporated in your title V
permit. Any revisions to the work practice plans developed in
accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section do not
constitute revisions to your title V permit.
(f) Copies of the current work practice plans developed in
accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, as well as
plans developed within the preceding 5 years must be available on-site
for inspection and copying by the permitting authority.
General Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.3100 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in
Sec. Sec. 63.3090 and 63.3091 at all times, as determined on a monthly
basis.
(b) The coating operations must be in compliance with the operating
limits for emission capture systems and add-on control devices required
by Sec. 63.3093 at all times except during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction.
(c) You must be in compliance with the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.3094 at all times.
(d) You must always operate and maintain your affected source
including all air pollution control and monitoring equipment you use
for purposes of complying with this subpart according to the provisions
in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(e) You must maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance
of the emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and continuous
parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) during the period between the
compliance date specified for your affected source in Sec. 63.3083 and
the date when the initial emission capture system and add-on control
device performance tests have been completed, as specified in Sec.
63.3160.
(f) If your affected source uses emission capture systems and add-
on control devices, you must develop and implement a written startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan (SSMP) according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The SSMP must address startup, shutdown, and
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission
capture system or the add-on control devices.
Sec. 63.3101 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Table 2 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Sec. Sec. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.
Notifications, Reports, and Records
Sec. 63.3110 What notifications must I submit?
(a) General. You must submit the notifications in Sec. Sec.
63.7(b) and (c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply
to you by the dates specified in those sections, except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the Initial Notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after June 25,
2004, whichever is later. For an existing affected source, you must
submit the Initial Notification no later than 1 year after April 26,
2004. Existing sources that have previously submitted notifications of
applicability of this rule pursuant to Sec. 112(j) of the CAA are not
required to submit an initial notification under Sec. 63.9(b) except
to identify and describe all additions to the affected source made
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c).
(c) Notification of compliance status. If you have an existing
source, you must submit the Notification of Compliance Status required
by Sec. 63.9(h) no later than 30 days following the end of the initial
compliance period described in Sec. 63.3160. If you have a new source,
you must submit the Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec.
63.9(h) no later than 60 days after the first day of the first full
month following completion of all applicable performance tests. The
Notification of Compliance Status must contain the information
specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (12) of this section and in
Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.3160 that applies to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option specified in Sec.
63.3090(a) or (b) or Sec. 63.3091(a) or (b) that you used for
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings
and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) in the affected source during the initial compliance period.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet any of the applicable emission limits in
Sec. 63.3090 or Sec. 63.3091, include all the calculations you used
to determine the applicable emission rate or applicable average organic
HAP content for the emission limit(s) that you failed to meet. You do
not need to submit information provided by the materials suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(7) All data and calculations used to determine the monthly average
mass of organic HAP emitted per volume of applied coating solids from:
(i) The combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings
and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) if you were eligible for and chose to comply with the
emission limits of Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b); or
(ii) The combined electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener
materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not components
of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the
affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c).
(8) All data and calculations used to determine compliance with the
separate limits for electrodeposition primer in Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b)
if you were eligible for and chose to comply with the emission limits
of Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b).
(9) All data and calculations used to determine the monthly mass
average HAP content of materials subject to the emission limits of
Sec. 63.3090(c) or (d) or the emission limits of Sec. 63.3091(c) or
(d).
(10) All data and calculations used to determine the transfer
efficiency for primer-surfacer and topcoat coatings, and for all
coatings, except for deadener and for adhesive and sealer that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c).
[[Page 22629]]
(11) You must include the information specified in paragraphs
(c)(11)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. Include a
description of the procedure followed for measuring capture efficiency,
summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and any
calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If you
use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit (LCL)
approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to show
you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of this
part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports
unless requested.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(12) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plans required by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c).
Sec. 63.3120 What reports must I submit?
(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (9) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements may be satisfied by
reports required under other parts of the CAA, as specified in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different
schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you must
prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to the
dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3160 that applies to
your affected source and ends on June 30 or December 31, whichever
occurs first following the end of the initial compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established
instead of according to the date specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of
this section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. If you have obtained a title V
operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, you must
report all deviations as defined in this subpart in the semiannual
monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If you submit a semiannual compliance report
pursuant to this section along with, or as part of, the semiannual
monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual compliance report includes all
required information concerning deviations from any emission limit,
operating limit, or work practice in this subpart, its submission shall
be deemed to satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations in
the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a semiannual
compliance report shall not otherwise affect any obligation you may
have to report deviations from permit requirements to the permitting
authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (iv)
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (9) and (c)(1) of this section that are applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option specified in Sec.
63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b) that you used for electrodeposition
primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer,
and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners,
except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials
that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in coating
operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) in
the affected source during the initial compliance period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations, operating limits, or work practices in Sec. Sec. 63.3090,
63.3091, 63.3092, 63.3093, and 63.3094 that apply to you, the
semiannual compliance report must include a statement that there were
no deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting
period. If you used control devices to comply with the emission limits,
and there were no periods during which the CPMS were out of control as
specified in Sec. 63.8(c)(7), the semiannual compliance report must
include a statement that there were no periods during which the CPMS
were out of control during the reporting period.
(5) Deviations: adhesive, sealer, and deadener. If there was a
deviation from the applicable emission limits in Sec. 63.3090(c) and
(d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d), the semiannual compliance report must
contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iv) of this
section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each month during which the
monthly average organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission
limit in Sec. 63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d).
(ii) The volume and organic HAP content of each material used that
is subject to the applicable organic HAP content limit.
(iii) The calculation used to determine the average monthly organic
HAP content for the month in which the deviation occurred.
(iv) The reason for the deviation.
(6) Deviations: combined electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer and glass bonding adhesive,
or combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding
primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and thinners,
except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials
that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in coating
operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c).
If there was a deviation from the applicable emission limits in Sec.
63.3090(a) or (b) or Sec. 63.3091(a) or (b),
[[Page 22630]]
the semiannual compliance report must contain the information in
paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (xiv) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each month during which the
monthly organic HAP emission rate from combined electrodeposition
primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer,
and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) exceeded the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a); or
the monthly organic HAP emission rate from combined primer-surfacer,
topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations added to the affected source
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) exceeded the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b).
(ii) The calculation used to determine the monthly organic HAP
emission rate in accordance with Sec. 63.3161 or Sec. 63.3171. You do
not need to submit the background data supporting these calculations,
for example information provided by materials suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(iii) The date and time that any malfunctions of the capture system
or add-on control devices used to control emissions from these
operations started and stopped.
(iv) A brief description of the CPMS.
(v) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vii) The date and time period that each CPMS was out of control,
including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(viii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 1 to this subpart; date and time period of each bypass
of an add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(ix) A summary of the total duration and the percent of the total
source operating time of the deviations from each operating limit in
Table 1 to this subpart and the bypass of each add-on control device
during the semiannual reporting period.
(x) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from each
operating limit in Table 1 to this subpart and bypasses of each add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xi) A summary of the total duration and the percent of the total
source operating time of the downtime for each CPMS during the
semiannual reporting period.
(xii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control devices since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xiii) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation, the date and time period of the
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xiv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: separate electrodeposition primer organic HAP
content limit. If you used the separate electrodeposition primer
organic HAP content limits in Sec. 63.3092(a), and there was a
deviation from these limits, the semiannual compliance report must
contain the information in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (iii) of this
section.
(i) Identification of each material used that deviated from the
emission limit, and the dates and time periods each was used.
(ii) The determination of mass fraction of each organic HAP for
each material identified in paragraph (a)(7)(i) of this section. You do
not need to submit background data supporting this calculation, for
example, information provided by material suppliers or manufacturers,
or test reports.
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(8) Deviations: separate electrodeposition primer bake oven capture
and control limitations. If you used the separate electrodeposition
primer bake oven capture and control limitations in Sec. 63.3092(b),
and there was a deviation from these limitations, the semiannual
compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(8)(i)
through (xii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each month during which there
was a deviation from the separate electrodeposition primer bake oven
capture and control limitations in Sec. 63.3092(b).
(ii) The date and time that any malfunctions of the capture systems
or control devices used to control emissions from the electrodeposition
primer bake oven started and stopped.
(iii) A brief description of the CPMS.
(iv) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(v) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vi) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out of
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(vii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 1 to this subpart; date and time period of each bypass
of an add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(viii) A summary of the total duration and the percent of the total
source operating time of the deviations from each operating limit in
Table 1 to this subpart and the bypasses of each add-on control device
during the semiannual reporting period.
(ix) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from each
operating limit in Table 1 to this subpart and bypasses of each add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(x) A summary of the total duration and the percent of the total
source operating time of the downtime for each CPMS during the
semiannual reporting period.
(xi) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control devices since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(9) Deviations: work practice plans. If there was a deviation from
an applicable work practice plan developed in accordance with Sec.
63.3094(b) or (c), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(9)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The time period during which each deviation occurred.
(ii) The nature of each deviation.
(iii) The corrective action(s) taken to bring the applicable work
practices into compliance with the work practice plan.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use add-on control devices,
you must submit reports of performance test results for emission
capture systems and add-on control devices no later than 60 days after
completing the tests as specified in Sec. 63.10(d)(2). You must submit
reports of transfer efficiency
[[Page 22631]]
tests no later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. If you used add-on
control devices and you had a startup, shutdown, or malfunction during
the semiannual reporting period, you must submit the reports specified
in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) If your actions were consistent with your SSMP, you must
include the information specified in Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual
compliance report required by paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your SSMP, you must
submit an immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction report as
described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
Sec. 63.3130 What records must I keep?
You must collect and keep records of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is
a deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each
notification and report.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, the density and the
volume fraction of coating solids for each coating, the mass fraction
of organic HAP and the density for each thinner, and the mass fraction
of organic HAP for each cleaning material. If you conducted testing to
determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of
coating solids, you must keep a copy of the complete test report. If
you use information provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier of
the material that was based on testing, you must keep the summary sheet
of results provided to you by the manufacturer or supplier. If you use
the results of an analysis conducted by an outside testing lab, you
must keep a copy of the test report. You are not required to obtain the
test report or other supporting documentation from the manufacturer or
supplier.
(c) For each month, the records specified in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (6) of this section.
(1) For each coating used for electrodeposition primer, primer-
surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations and for each coating, except for deadener
and for adhesive and sealer that are not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations added to the affected source
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c), a record of the volume used in each
month, the mass fraction organic HAP content, the density, and the
volume fraction of solids.
(2) For each thinner used for electrodeposition primer, primer-
surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations and for each thinner, except for thinner
used for deadener and for adhesive and sealer that are not components
of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the
affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c), a record of the volume
used in each month, the mass fraction organic HAP content, and the
density.
(3) For each deadener material and for each adhesive and sealer
material, a record of the mass used in each month and the mass organic
HAP content.
(4) A record of the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate
for electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair,
glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and
thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) for each month if subject to the emission limit of Sec.
63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a). This record must include all raw data,
algorithms, and intermediate calculations. If the guidelines presented
in the ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22), are used, you must keep records of all data input to this
protocol. If these data are maintained as electronic files, the
electronic files, as well as any paper copies must be maintained. These
data must be provided to the permitting authority on request on paper,
and in (if calculations are done electronically) electronic form.
(5) A record of the calculation of the organic HAP emission rate
for primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and
glass bonding adhesive plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) for each month if
subject to the emission limit of Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b),
and a record of the weight fraction of each organic HAP in each
material added to the electrodeposition primer system if subject to the
limitations of Sec. 63.3092(a). This record must include all raw data,
algorithms, and intermediate calculations. If the guidelines presented
in the ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22), are used, you must keep records of all data input to this
protocol. If these data are maintained as electronic files, the
electronic files, as well as any paper copies must be maintained. These
data must be provided to the permitting authority on request on paper,
and in (if calculations are done electronically) electronic form.
(6) A record, for each month, of the calculation of the average
monthly mass organic HAP content of:
(i) Sealers and adhesives; and
(ii) Deadeners.
(d) A record of the name and volume of each cleaning material used
during each month.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each cleaning
material used during each month.
(f) A record of the density for each cleaning material used during
each month.
(g) A record of the date, time, and duration of each deviation, and
for each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(h) The records required by Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v)
related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(i) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in
Sec. 63.3165(a).
[[Page 22632]]
(j) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3165(b) through
(g), including the records specified in paragraphs (j)(1) through (4)
of this section that apply to you.
(1) Records for a liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of
total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH), as measured by Method 204A or F of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, for each material used in the coating
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report.
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for
either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
(2) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system, as measured by Method 204B or
C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, at the inlet to the add-on control
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run, as measured by Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part
51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the
enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure.
(3) Records for panel tests. Records needed to document a capture
efficiency determination using a panel test as described in Sec.
63.3165(e) and (g), including a copy of the test report and
calculations performed to convert the panel test results to percent
capture efficiency values.
(4) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to document
a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method or
protocol, as specified in Sec. 63.3165(f), if applicable.
(k) The records specified in paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination as specified in Sec. 63.3166.
(1) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3166.
(2) Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on
control device performance test showing that the performance test was
conducted under representative operating conditions.
(l) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.3167 and to document compliance with the
operating limits as specified in Table 1 to this subpart.
(m) Records of the data and calculations you used to determine the
transfer efficiency for primer-surfacer and topcoat coatings and for
all coatings, except for deadener and for adhesive and sealer that are
not components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations
added to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c).
(n) A record of the work practice plans required by Sec.
63.3094(b) and (c) and documentation that you are implementing the
plans on a continuous basis. Appropriate documentation may include
operational and maintenance records, records of documented inspections,
and records of internal audits.
(o) Records pertaining to the design and operation of control and
monitoring systems must be maintained on-site for the life of the
equipment in a location readily available to plant operators and
inspectors.
Sec. 63.3131 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) Except as provided in Sec. 63.3130(o), you must keep each
record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record, as specified in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1).
(c) Except as provided in Sec. 63.3130(o), you must keep each
record on site for at least 2 years after the date of each occurrence,
measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record
according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep the records off site for
the remaining 3 years.
Compliance Requirements for Adhesive, Sealer, and Deadener
Sec. 63.3150 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3151. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3083 and ends on the last day of
the month following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs
on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
month. You must determine the mass average organic HAP content of the
materials used each month for each group of materials for which an
emission limitation is established in Sec. 63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec.
63.3091(c) and (d). The initial compliance demonstration includes the
calculations according to Sec. 63.3151 and supporting documentation
showing that during the initial compliance period, the mass average
organic HAP content for each group of materials was equal to or less
than the applicable emission limits in Sec. 63.3090(c) and (d) or
Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d).
Sec. 63.3151 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?
You must separately calculate the mass average organic HAP content
of the materials used during the initial compliance period for each
group of materials for which an emission limit is established in Sec.
63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d). If every individual
material used within a group of materials meets the emission limit for
that group of materials, you may demonstrate compliance with that
emission limit by documenting the name and the organic HAP content of
each material used during the initial compliance period. If any
individual material used within a group of materials exceeds the
emission limit for that group of materials, you must determine the mass
average organic HAP content according to the procedures of paragraph
(d) of this section.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
material used during the compliance period by using one of the options
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the
procedures
[[Page 22633]]
specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section when
performing a Method 311 test.
(i) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined carcinogens, as specified in
29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4), and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other
compounds. For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured
to be 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it.
Express the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value
truncated to four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
(ii) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g.,
0.7638 truncates to 0.763).
(2) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coatings, you may
use Method 24 to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile
matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic
HAP.
(3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit
an alternative test method for approval.
(4) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section,
such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic
HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined
carcinogens, as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4), and at 1.0 percent
by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene (not an
OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not
have to count it. If there is a disagreement between such information
and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs (a)(1) through
(3) of this section, then the test method results will take precedence,
unless after consultation, the facility demonstrates to the
satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the facility's data are
correct.
(5) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When
neither test data nor manufacturer's data for solvent blends are
available, you may use the default values for the mass fraction of
organic HAP in the solvent blends listed in Table 3 or 4 to this
subpart. If you use the tables, you must use the values in Table 3 for
all solvent blends that match Table 3 entries, and you may only use
Table 4 if the solvent blends in the materials you use do not match any
of the solvent blends in Table 3 and you only know whether the blend is
aliphatic or aromatic. However, if the results of a Method 311 test
indicate higher values than those listed on Table 3 or 4 to this
subpart, the Method 311 results will take precedence, unless after
consultation, the facility demonstrates to the satisfaction of the
enforcement authority that the data from Table 3 or 4 are correct.
(b) Determine the density of each material used. Determine the
density of each material used during the compliance period from test
results using ASTM Method D1475-98 (Reapproved 2003), ``Standard Test
Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products''
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14), or for powder coatings,
test method A or test method B of ASTM Method D5965-02, ``Standard Test
Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders,'' (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 63.14), or information from the supplier or
manufacturer of the material. If there is disagreement between ASTM
Method D1475-98 (Reapproved 2003) test results or ASTM Method D5965-02,
test method A or test method B test results and the supplier's or
manufacturer's information, the test results will take precedence
unless after consultation, the facility demonstrates to the
satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the facility's data are
correct.
(c) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the
volume (liters) of each material used during each month by measurement
or usage records.
(d) Determine the mass average organic HAP content for each group
of materials. Determine the mass average organic HAP content of the
materials used during the initial compliance period for each group of
materials for which an emission limit is established in Sec.
63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d), using Equations 1 and 2
of this section.
(1) Calculate the mass average organic HAP content of adhesive and
sealer materials other than components of the glass bonding system used
in the initial compliance period using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.034
Where:
Cavg,as = Mass average organic HAP content of adhesives and
sealer materials used, kg/kg.
Vol as, j = Volume of adhesive or sealer
material, j, used, liters.
D as, j = Density of adhesive or sealer material,
j, used, kg per liter.
W as, j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in
adhesive or sealer material, j, kg/kg.
r = Number of adhesive and sealer materials used.
(2) Calculate the mass average organic HAP content of deadener
materials used in the initial compliance period using Equation 2 of
this section:
[[Page 22634]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.035
Where:
C avg,d = Mass average organic HAP content of deadener
material used, kg/kg.
Vol d,m = Volume of deadener material, m, used, liters.
D d,m = Density of deadener material, m, used, kg per liter.
W d,m = Mass fraction of organic HAP in deadener material,
m, kg/kg.
s = Number of deadener materials used.
(e) Compliance demonstration. The mass average organic HAP content
for the compliance period must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d).
You must keep all records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3130 and
63.3131. As part of the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.3110, you must submit a statement that the coating operations
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the initial
compliance period because the mass average organic HAP content was less
than or equal to the applicable emission limits in Sec. 63.3090(c) and
(d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d), determined according to this section.
Sec. 63.3152 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the mass average organic
HAP content for each compliance period, determined according to Sec.
63.3151(a) through (d), must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d).
A compliance period consists of 1 month. Each month after the end of
the initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3150 is a
compliance period consisting of that month.
(b) If the mass average organic HAP emission content for any
compliance period exceeds the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3090(c) and (d) or Sec. 63.3091(c) and (d), this is a deviation
from the emission limitations for that compliance period and must be
reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3110(c)(6) and 63.3120(a)(5).
(c) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3130
and 63.3131.
Compliance Requirements for the Combined Electrodeposition Primer,
Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat, Final Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass
Bonding Adhesive Emission Limitations
Sec. 63.3160 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3083. You must conduct a performance test of
each capture system and add-on control device according to Sec. Sec.
63.3164 through 63.3166 and establish the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.3093 no later than 180 days after the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3083.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plans
required by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c) no later than the compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.3083.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3161. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3083 and ends on the last day of
the month following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs
on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
month. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and volume
of coating solids deposited in the initial compliance period. The
initial compliance demonstration includes the results of emission
capture system and add-on control device performance tests conducted
according to Sec. Sec. 63.3164 through 63.3166; supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the emission limit
in Sec. 63.3090(a); the operating limits established during the
performance tests and the results of the continuous parameter
monitoring required by Sec. 63.3168; and documentation of whether you
developed and implemented the work practice plans required by Sec.
63.3094(b) and (c).
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by Sec.
63.3093 until after you have completed the performance tests specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission capture system,
add-on control device, and CPMS during the period between the
compliance date and the performance test. You must begin complying with
the operating limits for your affected source on the date you complete
the performance tests specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3083. You must conduct a performance test of
each capture system and add-on control device according to the
procedures in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 through 63.3166 and establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.3093 no later than the compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.3083.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plans
required by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c) no later than the compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.3083.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.3161. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.3083 and ends on the last day of
the month following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs
on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
month. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and volume
of coating solids deposited during the initial compliance period. The
initial compliance demonstration includes the results of emission
capture system and add-on control device performance tests conducted
according to Sec. Sec. 63.3164 through 63.3166;
[[Page 22635]]
supporting documentation showing that during the initial compliance
period the organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the
emission limits in Sec. 63.3091(a); the operating limits established
during the performance tests and the results of the continuous
parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.3168; and documentation of
whether you developed and implemented the work practice plans required
by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c).
(c) You are not required to conduct an initial performance test to
determine capture efficiency or destruction efficiency of a capture
system or control device if you receive approval to use the results of
a performance test that has been previously conducted on that capture
system (either a previous stack test or a previous panel test) or
control device. You are not required to conduct an initial test to
determine transfer efficiency if you receive approval to use the
results of a test that has been previously conducted. Any such previous
tests must meet the conditions described in paragraphs (c)(1) through
(3) of this section.
(1) The previous test must have been conducted using the methods
and conditions specified in this subpart.
(2) Either no process or equipment changes have been made since the
previous test was performed or the owner or operator must be able to
demonstrate that the results of the performance test reliably
demonstrate compliance despite process or equipment changes.
(3) Either the required operating parameters were established in
the previous test or sufficient data were collected in the previous
test to establish the required operating parameters.
Sec. 63.3161 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
(a) You must meet all of the requirements of this section to
demonstrate initial compliance. To demonstrate initial compliance, the
organic HAP emissions from the combined electrodeposition primer,
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) must meet the
applicable emission limitation in Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a).
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in Sec.
63.3160(a)(4), you must establish and demonstrate continuous compliance
during the initial compliance period with the operating limits required
by Sec. 63.3093, using the procedures specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3167
and 63.3168.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plans
required by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c) during the initial compliance
period, as specified in Sec. 63.3130.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (e) through (o) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec.
63.3091(a). You may also use the guidelines presented in ``Protocol for
Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile
and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID
No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22) in making this
demonstration.
(e) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, density and volume
used. Follow the procedures specified in Sec. 63.3151(a) through (c)
to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and the density and
volume of each coating and thinner used during each month.
(f) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each
coating. You must determine the volume fraction of coating solids
(liter of coating solids per liter of coating) for each coating used
during the compliance period by a test or by information provided by
the supplier or the manufacturer of the material, as specified in
paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section. If test results obtained
according to paragraph (f)(1) of this section do not agree with the
information obtained under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the test
results will take precedence unless after consultation, the facility
demonstrates to the satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the
facility's data are correct.
(1) ASTM Method D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998) or ASTM Method D6093-97
(Reapproved 2003). You may use ASTM Method D2697-86 (Reapproved 1998),
``Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or
Pigmented Coatings'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14), or
ASTM Method D6093-97 (Reapproved 2003), ``Standard Test Method for
Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using
a Helium Gas Pycnometer'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14),
to determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating.
Divide the nonvolatile volume percent obtained with the methods by 100
to calculate volume fraction of coating solids.
(2) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may obtain the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating
from the supplier or manufacturer.
(g) Determine the transfer efficiency for each coating. You must
determine the transfer efficiency for each primer-surfacer and topcoat
coating, and for all coatings, except for deadener and for adhesive and
sealer that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) using ASTM Method D5066-91 (Reapproved 2001), ``Standard
Test Method for Determination of the Transfer Efficiency Under
Production Conditions for Spray Application of Automotive Paints-Weight
Basis'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14), or the guidelines
presented in ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22). You may conduct transfer efficiency testing on representative
coatings and for representative spray booths as described in ``Protocol
for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of
Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018
(Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22). You may
assume 100 percent transfer efficiency for electrodeposition primer
coatings, glass bonding primers, and glass bonding adhesives. For final
repair coatings, you may assume 40 percent transfer efficiency for air
atomized spray and 55 percent transfer efficiency for electrostatic
spray and high volume, low pressure spray.
(h) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before
consideration of add-on controls from all coatings and thinners used
during each month in the combined electrodeposition primer, primer-
surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) using Equation 1 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.000
Where:
[[Page 22636]]
HBC = Total mass of organic HAP emissions before
consideration of add-on controls during the month, kg.
A = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
(1) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the coatings used during the
month using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.001
Where:
A = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg coating per liter coating.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg
organic HAP per kg coating.
m = Number of different coatings used during the month.
(2) Calculate the kg of organic HAP in the thinners used during the
month using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.002
Where:
B = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during the month,
kg.
Volt,j = Total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.
Dt, j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt, j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner,
j, kg organic HAP per kg thinner.
n = Number of different thinners used during the month.
(i) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation. Determine the mass of organic HAP
emissions reduced for each controlled coating operation during each
month. The emission reduction determination quantifies the total
organic HAP emissions captured by the emission capture system and
destroyed or removed by the add-on control device. Use the procedures
in paragraph (j) of this section to calculate the mass of organic HAP
emission reduction for each controlled coating operation using an
emission capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances.
For each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system
for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, use the
procedures in paragraph (k) of this section to calculate the organic
HAP emission reduction.
(j) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation not using liquid-liquid material balances.
For each controlled coating operation using an emission capture system
and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the mass
of organic HAP emission reduction for the controlled coating operation,
excluding all periods of time in which a deviation, including a
deviation during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an
operating limit or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or
control device serving the controlled coating operation occurred,
during the month using Equation 2 of this section. The calculation of
mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the controlled coating
operation during the month applies the emission capture system
efficiency and add-on control device efficiency to the mass of organic
HAP contained in the coatings and thinners that are used in the coating
operation served by the emission capture system and add-on control
device during each month. Except as provided in paragraph (p) of this
section, for any period of time in which a deviation, including a
deviation during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an
operating limit or from any CPMS requirement of the capture system or
control device serving the controlled coating operation occurred, you
must assume zero efficiency for the emission capture system and add-on
control device. Equation 2 of this section treats the materials used
during such a deviation as if they were used on an uncontrolled coating
operation for the time period of the deviation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.003
Where:
HCn = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction, excluding all
periods of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit or
from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or control device
serving the controlled coating operation occurred, for the controlled
coating operation during the month, kg.
AC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 2A of this section.
BC = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 2B of this section.
Aunc = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during
all periods of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit
or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or control device
serving the controlled coating operation occurred for the controlled
coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in Equation 2C of
this section.
Bunc = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during
all periods of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit
or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or control device
serving the controlled coating operation occurred for the controlled
coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in Equation 2D of
this section.
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3165 to measure and record
capture efficiency.
DRE = Organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3166 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.
[[Page 22637]]
(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 2A of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.004
Where:
AC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = Number of different coatings used.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation, kg, using Equation 2B of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.005
Where:
BC = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Volt,j = Total volume of thinner, j, used during the month,
liters.
Dt, j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt, j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner,
j, kg per kg.
n = Number of different thinners used.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during deviations specified in Sec.
63.3163(c) and (d), using Equation 2C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.006
Where:
Aunc = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during
all periods of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit
or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or control device
serving the controlled coating operation occurred for the controlled
coating operation during the month, kg.
VOLDi = Total volume of coating, i, used in the controlled
coating operation during deviations, liters.
Di = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wi = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic
HAP per kg coating.
m = Number of different coatings.
(4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during deviations specified in Sec.
63.3163(c) and (d), using Equation 2D of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.007
Where:
Bunc = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used during
all periods of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during
a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit
or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or control device
serving the controlled coating operation occurred for the controlled
coating operation during the month, kg.
VOLDj = Total volume of thinner, j, used in the controlled
coating operation during deviations, liters.
Dj = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wh = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg organic
HAP per kg coating.
n = Number of different thinners.
(k) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the mass
of organic HAP emission reduction for the coating operation controlled
by the solvent recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance
during the month by applying the volatile organic matter collection and
recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coatings and thinners used in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during each month. Perform a liquid-liquid
material balance for each month as specified in paragraphs (k)(1)
through (6) of this section. Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission
reduction by the solvent recovery system as specified in paragraph
(k)(7) of this section.
(1) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system each month. The device must be
initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within 2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic matter
recovered.
(2) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the month, kg, based on
measurement with the device required in paragraph (k)(1) of this
section.
(3) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for each
coating and thinner used in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg volatile organic matter
per kg coating. You may determine the volatile organic matter mass
fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or an EPA
approved alternative method, or you may use information provided by the
manufacturer or supplier of the coating. In the event of any
inconsistency between information provided by the manufacturer or
supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or
an approved alternative method, the test method results will govern
unless after consultation, the facility demonstrates to the
satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the facility's data are
correct.
(4) Determine the density of each coating and thinner used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg per liter, according to Sec. 63.3151(b).
(5) Measure the volume of each coating and thinner used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, liters.
(6) Each month, calculate the solvent recovery system's volatile
organic matter collection and recovery efficiency, using Equation 3 of
this section:
[[Page 22638]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.008
Where:
RV = Volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the month, percent.
MVR = Mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg.
Voli = Volume of coating, i, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
Di = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
WVc,i = Mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
coating, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating.
Volj = Volume of thinner, j, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
Dj = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
WVt, j = Mass fraction of volatile organic matter
for thinner, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg thinner.
m = Number of different coatings used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
n = Number of different thinners used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
(7) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, using Equation 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.009
Where:
HCSR = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance during the month, kg.
ACSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 4A of this section.
BCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 4B of this section.
RV = Volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 3 of
this section.
(i) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 4A of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.010
Where:
ACSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = Number of different coatings used.
(ii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 4B of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.011
Where:
BCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Volt, j = Total volume of thinner, j, used during
the month in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, liters.
Dt, j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt, j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner,
j, kg per kg.
n = Number of different thinners used.
(l) Calculate the total volume of coating solids deposited.
Determine the total volume of coating solids deposited, liters, in the
combined electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final
repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations
plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations added to the affected source
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.012
Where:
Vsdep = Total volume of coating solids deposited during the
month, liters.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
[[Page 22639]]
Vs,i = Volume fraction of coating solids for coating, i,
liter solids per liter coating, determined according to Sec.
63.3161(f).
TEc,i = Transfer efficiency of coating, i, determined
according to Sec. 63.3161(g), expressed as a decimal, for example 60
percent must be expressed as 0.60.
m = Number of coatings used during the month.
(m) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions for each month.
Determine the mass of organic HAP emissions, kg, during each month,
using Equation 6 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.013
Where:
HHAP = Total mass of organic HAP emissions for the month,
kg.
HBC = Total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coatings and thinners used during the month, kg,
determined according to paragraph (h) of this section.
HCn,i = Total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
controlled coating operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid material
balance, excluding all periods of time in which a deviation, including
a deviation during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from
an operating limit or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system
or control device serving the controlled coating operation occurred,
for the controlled coating operation during the month, from Equation 2
of this section.
HCSR, j = Total mass of organic HAP emission
reduction for coating operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance, during the month, kg,
from Equation 4 of this section.
HDEV,k,m = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction, based on
the capture system and control device efficiency approved under
paragraph (p) of this section for period of deviation, m, for
controlled coating operation, k, kg, as determined using Equation 8 of
this section.
q = Number of controlled coating operations not using a liquid-liquid
material balance.
r = Number of coating operations controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance.
Sk = Number of periods of deviation in the month for which
non-zero capture and control device efficiencies have been approved for
controlled coating operation, k.
(n) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the month.
Determine the organic HAP emission rate for the month, kg organic HAP
per liter coating solids deposited, using Equation 7 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.014
Where:
Hrate = Organic HAP emission rate for the month compliance
period, kg organic HAP per liter coating solids deposited.
HHAP = Mass of organic HAP emissions for the month, kg,
determined according to Equation 6 of this section.
Vsdep = Total volume of coating solids deposited during the
month, liters, from Equation 5 of this section.
(o) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance,
the organic HAP emissions from the combined electrodeposition primer,
primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass
bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for
deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not
components of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added
to the affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) must be less than
or equal to the applicable emission limitation in Sec. 63.3090(a) or
Sec. 63.3091(a). You must keep all records as required by Sec. Sec.
63.3130 and 63.3131. As part of the Notification of Compliance Status
required by Sec. 63.3110, you must submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a) and you achieved the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.3093 and the work practice standards required by
Sec. 63.3094.
(p) You may request approval from the Administrator to use non-zero
capture efficiencies and add-on control device efficiencies for any
period of time in which a deviation, including a deviation during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit or
from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or add-on control
device serving a controlled coating operation occurred.
(1) If you have manually collected parameter data indicating that a
capture system or add-on control device was operating normally during a
CPMS malfunction, a CPMS out-of-control period, or associated repair,
then these data may be used to support and document your request to use
the normal capture efficiency or add-on control device efficiency for
that period of deviation.
(2) If you have data indicating the actual performance of a capture
system or add-on control device (e.g., capture efficiency measured at a
reduced flow rate or add-on control device efficiency measured at a
reduced thermal oxidizer temperature) during a deviation, including a
deviation during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, from an
operating limit or from any CPMS requirement for the capture system or
add-on control device serving a controlled coating operation, then
these data may be used to support and document your request to use
these values for that period of deviation.
(3) The organic HAP emission reduction achieved during each period
of deviation, including a deviation during a period of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, from an operating limit or from any CPMS
requirement for the capture system or add-on control device serving a
controlled coating operation for which the Administrator has approved
the use of non-zero capture efficiency and add-on control device
efficiency values is calculated using Equation 8 of this section.
[[Page 22640]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.015
Where:
HDEV = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction achieved
during a period of deviation for the controlled coating operation, kg.
ADEV = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, kg, as
calculated in Equation 8A of this section.
BDEV = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, kg, as
calculated in Equation 8B of this section.
CEDEV = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system
vented to the add-on control device, approved for the period of
deviation, percent.
DREDEV = Organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of
the add-on control device approved for the period of deviation,
percent.
(4) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in
the controlled coating operation during the period of deviation using
equation 8A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.016
Where:
ADEV = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, kg.
VOLCDEV,i = total volume of coating, i, used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg.
m = Number of different coatings used.
(5) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in
the controlled coating operation during the period of deviation using
equation 8B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.017
Where:
BDEV = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, kg.
VOLTDEV,j = Total volume of thinner, j, used in the
controlled coating operation during the period of deviation, liters.
Dt, j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter.
Wt, j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner,
j, kg per kg.
n = Number of different thinners used.
Sec. 63.3162 [Reserved]
Sec. 63.3163 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a), the organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period, determined according to the
procedures in Sec. 63.3161, must be equal to or less than the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a). A
compliance period consists of 1 month. Each month after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3160 is a compliance
period consisting of that month. You must perform the calculations in
Sec. 63.3161 on a monthly basis.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 1 month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(a) or
Sec. 63.3091(a), this is a deviation from the emission limitation for
that compliance period and must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec.
63.3110(c)(6) and 63.3120(a)(6).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.3093 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 1 to this subpart.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 1 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3110(c)(6)
and 63.3120(a)(6).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 1 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation except as provided
in Sec. 63.3161(p).
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in Sec.
63.3168(b) for control devices other than solvent recovery systems for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line
is opened and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating
operation is running, this is a deviation that must be reported as
specified in Sec. 63.3110(c)(6) and 63.3120(a)(6). For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. 63.3161(k),
you must assume that the emission capture system and add-on control
device were achieving zero efficiency during the time period of the
deviation.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.3094. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, if you did not implement the plan, or if you did not
keep the records required by Sec. 63.3130(n), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.3110(c)(6) and 63.3120(a)(6).
(f) If there were no deviations from the emission limitations,
submit a statement as part of the semiannual compliance report that you
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting
period because the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period
was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.3090(a) or Sec. 63.3091(a), and you achieved the operating limits
required by Sec. 63.3093 and the work practice standards required by
Sec. 63.3094 during each compliance period.
[[Page 22641]]
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the SSMP required by Sec. 63.3100(f).
(h) Consistent with Sec. Sec. 63.6(e) and 63.7(e)(1), deviations
that occur during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency are not
violations if you demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that
you were operating in accordance with the SSMP. The Administrator will
determine whether deviations that occur during a period you identify as
a startup, shutdown, or malfunction are violations according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3130
and 63.3131.
Sec. 63.3164 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec.
63.3160 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operation operating conditions. You must
conduct the performance test under representative operating conditions
for the coating operation. Operations during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, and during periods of nonoperation do not
constitute representative conditions. You must record the process
information that is necessary to document operating conditions during
the test and explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.3165. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.3166.
Sec. 63.3165 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.3160. For purposes of this subpart, a spray booth air seal
is not considered a natural draft opening in a PTE or a temporary total
enclosure provided you demonstrate that the direction of air movement
across the interface between the spray booth air seal and the spray
booth is into the spray booth. For purposes of this subpart, a bake
oven air seal is not considered a natural draft opening in a PTE or a
temporary total enclosure provided you demonstrate that the direction
of air movement across the interface between the bake oven air seal and
the bake oven is into the bake oven. You may use lightweight strips of
fabric or paper, or smoke tubes to make such demonstrations as part of
showing that your capture system is a PTE or conducting a capture
efficiency test using a temporary total enclosure. You cannot count air
flowing from a spray booth air seal into a spray booth as air flowing
through a natural draft opening into a PTE or into a temporary total
enclosure unless you elect to treat that spray booth air seal as a
natural draft opening. You cannot count air flowing from a bake oven
air seal into a bake oven as air flowing through a natural draft
opening into a PTE or into a temporary total enclosure unless you elect
to treat that bake oven air seal as a natural draft opening.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met:
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coatings and thinners used in the coating operation are
applied within the capture system, and coating solvent flash-off and
coating curing and drying occurs within the capture system. For
example, this criterion is not met if parts enter the open shop
environment when being moved between a spray booth and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the five procedures described in paragraphs
(c) through (g) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, whichever is
longer, up to 8 hours. For the purposes of this test, a production run
means the time required for a single part to go from the beginning to
the end of production, which includes surface preparation activities
and drying or curing time.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating
operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the emission
capture system. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure
and the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to
measure emission capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-
uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings and thinners are applied,
and all areas where emissions from these applied coatings and thinners
subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The
areas of the coating operation where capture devices collect emissions
for routing to an add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit
areas of an oven or spray booth, must also be inside the enclosure. The
enclosure must meet the applicable definition of a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR
part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating and
thinner used in the coating operation during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coatings and thinners used in the coating
operation during each capture efficiency test run.
[[Page 22642]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.018
Where:
TVHi = Mass fraction of TVH in coating or thinner, i, used
in the coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg TVH
per kg material.
Voli = Total volume of coating or thinner, i, used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, liters.
Di = Density of coating or thinner, i, kg material per liter
material.
n = Number of different coatings and thinners used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run.
(4) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating operation for which capture efficiency is being determined,
must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.019
Where:
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVH used = Total mass of TVH liquid input used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVH uncaptured= Total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.
(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings and thinners are applied,
and all areas where emissions from these applied coatings and thinners
subsequently occur, such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The
areas of the coating operation where capture devices collect emissions
generated by the coating operation for routing to an add-on control
device, such as the entrance and exit areas of an oven or a spray
booth, must also be inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the
applicable definition of a temporary total enclosure or building
enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission capture
system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at the inlet
to the add-on control device. To make the measurement, substitute TVH
for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or C measurement must
be upstream from the add-on control device and must represent total
emissions routed from the capture system and entering the add-on
control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously or
sequentially measured in each duct, and the total emissions entering
the add-on control device must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to measure
the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by the
emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each occurrence
of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D if the enclosure is a temporary total
enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E if the enclosure is a building enclosure.
During the capture efficiency measurement, all organic compound
emitting operations inside the building enclosure, other than the
coating operation for which capture efficiency is being determined,
must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.020
[[Page 22643]]
Where:
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHcaptured = Total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = Total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.
(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Panel testing to determine the capture efficiency of flash-off
or bake oven emissions. You may conduct panel testing to determine the
capture efficiency of flash-off or bake oven emissions using ASTM
Method D5087-02, ``Standard Test Method for Determining Amount of
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released from Solventborne Automotive
Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device
(Abatement)'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14), ASTM Method
D6266-00a, ``Test Method for Determining the Amount of Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Released from Waterborne Automotive Coatings and
Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device (Abatement)''
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14), or the guidelines
presented in ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22). You may conduct panel testing on representative coatings as
described in ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22). The results of these panel testing procedures are in units of mass
of VOC per volume of coating solids deposited and must be converted to
a percent value for use in this subpart. If you panel test
representative coatings, then you may convert the panel test result for
each representative coating either to a unique percent capture
efficiency for each coating grouped with that representative coating by
using coating specific values for the volume of coating solids
deposited per volume of coating used, mass of VOC per volume of
coating, volume fraction solids, transfer efficiency, density and mass
fraction VOC in Equations 4 through 6 of this section; or to a
composite percent capture efficiency for the group of coatings by using
composite values for the group of coatings for the volume of coating
solids deposited per volume of coating used and for the mass of VOC per
volume of coating, and average values for the group of coatings for
volume fraction solids, transfer efficiency, density and mass fraction
VOC in Equations 4 through 6 of this section. If you panel test each
coating, then you must convert the panel test result for each coating
to a unique percent capture efficiency for that coating by using
coating specific values for the volume of coating solids deposited per
volume of coating used, mass of VOC per volume of coating, volume
fraction solids, transfer efficiency, density, and mass fraction VOC in
Equations 4 through 6 of this section. Panel test results expressed in
units of mass of VOC per volume of coating solids deposited must be
converted to percent capture efficiency using Equation 4 of this
section. (An alternative for using panel test results expressed in
units of mass of VOC per mass of coating solids deposited is presented
in paragraph (e)(3) of this section.)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.021
Where:
CEi = Capture efficiency for coating, i, or for the group of
coatings including coating, i, for the flash-off area or bake oven for
which the panel test is conducted, percent.
Pi = Panel test result for coating, i, or for the coating
representing coating, i, in the panel test, kg of VOC per liter of
coating solids deposited.
Vsdep, i = Volume of coating solids deposited per volume of
coating used for coating, i, or composite volume of coating solids
deposited per volume of coating used for the group of coatings
including coating, i, in the spray booth(s) preceding the flash-off
area or bake oven for which the panel test is conducted, liter of
coating solids deposited per liter of coating used, from Equation 5 of
this section.
VOCi = Mass of VOC per volume of coating for coating, i, or
composite mass of VOC per volume of coating for the group of coatings
including coating, i, kg per liter, from Equation 6 of this section.
(1) Calculate the volume of coating solids deposited per volume of
coating used for coating, i, or the composite volume of coating solids
deposited per volume of coating used for the group of coatings
including coating, i, used during the month in the spray booth(s)
preceding the flash-off area or bake oven for which the panel test is
conducted using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.022
Where:
Vsdep, i = Volume of coating solids deposited per volume of
coating used for coating, i, or composite volume of coating solids
deposited per volume of coating used for the group of coatings
including coating, i, in the spray booth(s) preceding the flash-off
area or bake oven for which the panel test is conducted, liter of
coating solids deposited per liter of coating used.
Vs, i = Volume fraction of coating solids for coating, i, or
average volume fraction of coating solids for the group of coatings
including coating, i, liter coating solids per liter coating,
determined according to Sec. 63.3161(f).
TEc, i = Transfer efficiency of coating, i, or average
transfer efficiency for the group of coatings including coating, i, in
the spray booth(s) for the flash-off area or bake oven for which the
panel test is conducted determined according to Sec. 63.3161(g),
expressed as a decimal, for example 60 percent must be expressed as
0.60. (Transfer efficiency also may be determined by testing
representative coatings. The same coating groupings may be appropriate
for both transfer efficiency testing and panel testing. In this case,
all of the coatings in a panel test grouping would have the same
transfer efficiency.)
(2) Calculate the mass of VOC per volume of coating for coating, i,
or the composite mass of VOC per volume of coating for the group of
coatings including coating, i, used during the month in the spray
booth(s) preceding
[[Page 22644]]
the flash-off area or bake oven for which the panel test is conducted,
kg, using Equation 6 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.023
Where:
VOCi = Mass of VOC per volume of coating for coating, i, or
composite mass of VOC per volume of coating for the group of coatings
including coating, i, used during the month in the spray booth(s)
preceding the flash-off area or bake oven for which the panel test is
conducted, kg VOC per liter coating.
Dc, i = Density of coating, i, or average density of the
group of coatings including coating, i, kg coating per liter coating,
density determined according to Sec. 63.3151(b).
Wvocc, i = Mass fraction of VOC in coating, i, or average
mass fraction of VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i, kg
VOC per kg coating, determined by Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part
60) or the guidelines for combining analytical VOC content and
formulation solvent content presented in ``Protocol for Determining
Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-
Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-
2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
(3) As an alternative, you may choose to express the results of
your panel tests in units of mass of VOC per mass of coating solids
deposited and convert such results to a percent using Equation 7 of
this section. If you panel test representative coatings, then you may
convert the panel test result for each representative coating either to
a unique percent capture efficiency for each coating grouped with that
representative coating by using coating specific values for the mass of
coating solids deposited per mass of coating used, mass fraction VOC,
transfer efficiency, and mass fraction solids in Equations 7 and 8 of
this section; or to a composite percent capture efficiency for the
group of coatings by using composite values for the group of coatings
for the mass of coating solids deposited per mass of coating used and
average values for the mass of VOC per volume of coating, average
values for the group of coatings for mass fraction VOC, transfer
efficiency, and mass fraction solids in Equations 7 and 8 of this
section. If you panel test each coating, then you must convert the
panel test result for each coating to a unique percent capture
efficiency for that coating by using coating specific values for the
mass of coating solids deposited per mass of coating used, mass
fraction VOC, transfer efficiency, and mass fraction solids in
Equations 7 and 8 of this section. Panel test results expressed in
units of mass of VOC per volume of coating solids deposited must be
converted to percent capture efficiency using Equation 7 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.024
Where:
CEi = Capture efficiency for coating, i, or for the group of
coatings including coating, i, for the flash-off area or bake oven for
which the panel test is conducted, percent.
Pm, i = Panel test result for coating, i, or for the coating
representing coating, i, in the panel test, kg of VOC per kg of coating
solids deposited.
Wsdep, i = Mass of coating solids deposited per mass of
coating used for coating i, or composite mass of coating solids
deposited per mass of coating used for the group of coatings including
coating, i, in the spray booth(s) preceding the flash-off area or bake
oven for which the panel test is conducted, kg of solids deposited per
kg of coating used, from Equation 8 of this section.
Wvocc, i = Mass fraction of VOC in coating, i, or average
mass fraction of VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i, kg
VOC per kg coating, determined by Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part
60) or the guidelines for combining analytical VOC content and
formulation solvent content presented in ``Protocol for Determining
Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-
Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-
2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
(4) Calculate the mass of coating solids deposited per mass of
coating used for each coating or the composite mass of coating solids
deposited per mass of coating used for each group of coatings used
during the month in the spray booth(s) preceding the flash-off area or
bake oven for which the panel test is conducted using Equation 8 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.025
Where:
Wsdep, i = Mass of coating solids deposited per mass of
coating used for coating, i, or composite mass of coating solids
deposited per mass of coating used for the group of coatings including
coating, i, in the spray booth(s) preceding the flash-off area or bake
oven for which the panel test is conducted, kg coating solids deposited
per kg coating used.
Ws, i = Mass fraction of coating solids for coating, i, or
average mass fraction of coating solids for the group of coatings
including coating, i, kg coating solids per kg coating, determined by
Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60) or the guidelines for
combining analytical VOC content and formulation solvent content
presented in ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound
Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,''
EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-
22).
TEc, i = Transfer efficiency of coating, i, or average
transfer efficiency for the group of coatings including coating, i, in
the spray booth(s) for the flash-off area or bake oven for which the
panel test is conducted determined according to Sec. 63.3161(g),
expressed as a decimal, for example 60 percent must be expressed as
0.60. (Transfer efficiency also may be determined by testing
representative coatings. The same coating groupings may be appropriate
used for both transfer efficiency testing and panel testing. In this
case, all of the coatings in a panel test grouping would have the same
transfer efficiency.)
(f) Alternative capture efficiency procedure. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) through (e) and (g) of this
section, you may determine capture efficiency using any other capture
efficiency protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of
either the DQO or LCL approach as
[[Page 22645]]
described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.
(g) Panel testing to determine the capture efficiency of spray
booth emissions from solvent-borne coatings. You may conduct panel
testing to determine the capture efficiency of spray booth emissions
from solvent-borne coatings using the procedure in appendix A to this
subpart.
Sec. 63.3166 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.3160.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3), and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight. The
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part 10,
Instruments and Apparatus]'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
63.14), may be used as an alternative to Method 3B.
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine stack
gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section. You must use the same
method for both the inlet and outlet measurements.
(1) Use Method 25 if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be more
than 50 parts per million by volume (ppmv) at the control device
outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be 50
ppmv or less at the control device outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A if the add-control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet of each
device. For example, if one add-on control device is a concentrator
with an outlet for the high-volume, dilute stream that has been treated
by the concentrator, and a second add-on control device is an oxidizer
with an outlet for the low-volume, concentrated stream that is treated
with the oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the
oxidizer and the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.026
Where:
Mf = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg per
hour (kg/h).
Cc = Concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, ppmv, dry basis.
Qsd = Volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters per hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = Conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(mol/m\3\) (@ 293 Kelvin (K) and 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)).
(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency using Equation 2 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.027
Where:
DRE = Organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
Mfi = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
Mfo = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.
Sec. 63.3167 How do I establish the add-on control device operating
limits during the performance test?
During the performance test required by Sec. 63.3160 and described
in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3166, you must establish the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.3093 according to this section, unless you
have received approval for alternative monitoring and operating limits
under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.3093.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limit according to paragraphs (a)(1)
through (3) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use all valid data collected during the performance test to
calculate and record the average combustion temperature maintained
during the performance test. This average combustion temperature is the
minimum operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative, if the latest operating permit issued before
April 26, 2007, for the thermal oxidizer at your facility contains
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the combustion temperature
that are consistent with the requirements for thermal oxidizers in 40
CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum operating limit for the
combustion temperature for each such thermal oxidizer at your affected
source at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
combustion temperature during the performance test of that thermal
oxidizer. If you do not have an operating permit for the thermal
oxidizer at your facility and the latest construction permit issued
before April 26, 2007, for the thermal oxidizer at your facility
contains recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the combustion
temperature that are consistent with the requirements for
[[Page 22646]]
thermal oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum
operating limit for the combustion temperature for each such thermal
oxidizer at your affected source at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees
Fahrenheit) below the average combustion temperature during the
performance test of that thermal oxidizer. If you use 28 degrees
Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the combustion temperature
maintained during the performance test as the minimum operating limit
for a thermal oxidizer, then you must keep the combustion temperature
set point on that thermal oxidizer no lower than 14 degrees Celsius (25
degrees Fahrenheit) below the lower of that set point during the
performance test for that thermal oxidizer and the average combustion
temperature maintained during the performance test for that thermal
oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) or paragraphs (b)(4) through (6) of this
section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs.
(2) Use all valid data collected during the performance test to
calculate and record the average temperature just before the catalyst
bed and the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed
maintained during the performance test. The minimum operating limits
for your catalytic oxidizer are the average temperature just before the
catalyst bed maintained during the performance test of that catalytic
oxidizer and 80 percent of the average temperature difference across
the catalyst bed maintained during the performance test of that
catalytic oxidizer, except during periods of low production the latter
minimum operating limit is to maintain a positive temperature gradient
across the catalyst bed. A low production period is when production is
less than 80 percent of production rate during the performance test of
that catalytic oxidizer.
(3) As an alternative, if the latest operating permit issued before
April 26, 2007, for the catalytic oxidizer at your facility contains
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the temperature before the
catalyst bed that are consistent with the requirements for catalytic
oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum operating
limits for each such catalytic oxidizer at your affected source at 28
degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average temperature
just before the catalyst bed maintained during the performance test for
that catalytic oxidizer and 80 percent of the average temperature
difference across the catalyst bed maintained during the performance
test for that catalytic oxidizer, except during periods of low
production the latter minimum operating limit is to maintain a positive
temperature gradient across the catalyst bed. If you do not have an
operating permit for the catalytic oxidizer at your facility and the
latest construction permit issued before April 26, 2007, for the
catalytic oxidizer at your facility contains recordkeeping and
reporting requirements for the temperature before the catalyst bed that
are consistent with the requirements for catalytic oxidizers in 40 CFR
60.395(c), then you may set the minimum operating limits for each such
catalytic oxidizer at your affected source at 28 degrees Celsius (50
degrees Fahrenheit) below the average temperature just before the
catalyst bed maintained during the performance test for that catalytic
oxidizer and 80 percent of the average temperature difference across
the catalyst bed maintained during the performance test for that
catalytic oxidizer, except during periods of low production the latter
minimum operating limit is to maintain a positive temperature gradient
across the catalyst bed. A low production period is when production is
less than 80 percent of production rate during the performance test. If
you use 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed maintained during the
performance test as the minimum operating limits for a catalytic
oxidizer, then you must keep the set point for the temperature just
before the catalyst bed on that catalytic oxidizer no lower than 14
degrees Celsius (25 degrees Fahrenheit) below the lower of that set
point during the performance test for that catalytic oxidizer and the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed maintained during the
performance test for that catalytic oxidizer.
(4) As an alternative to monitoring the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed, you may monitor the temperature at the inlet
to the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific inspection and
maintenance plan for your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph
(b)(6) of this section. During the performance test, you must monitor
and record the temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once
every 15 minutes during each of the three test runs. Use all valid data
collected during the performance test to calculate and record the
average temperature just before the catalyst bed during the performance
test. This is the minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(5) If the latest operating permit issued before April 26, 2007,
for the catalytic oxidizer at your facility contains recordkeeping and
reporting requirements for the temperature before the catalyst bed that
are consistent with the requirements for catalytic oxidizers in 40 CFR
60.395(c), then you may set the minimum operating limit for each such
catalytic oxidizer at your affected source at 28 degrees Celsius (50
degrees Fahrenheit) below the average temperature just before the
catalyst bed maintained during the performance test for that catalytic
oxidizer. If you do not have an operating permit for the catalytic
oxidizer at your facility and the latest construction permit issued
before April 26, 2007, for the catalytic oxidizer at your facility
contains recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the temperature
before the catalyst bed that are consistent with the requirements for
catalytic oxidizers in 40 CFR 60.395(c), then you may set the minimum
operating limit for each such catalytic oxidizer at your affected
source at 28 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average
temperature just before the catalyst bed maintained during the
performance test for that catalytic oxidizer. If you use 28 degrees
Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average temperature just
before the catalyst bed maintained during the performance test as the
minimum operating limit for a catalytic oxidizer, then you must keep
the set point for the temperature just before the catalyst bed on that
catalytic oxidizer no lower than 14 degrees Celsius (25 degrees
Fahrenheit) below the lower of that set point during the performance
test for that catalytic oxidizer and the average temperature just
before the catalyst bed maintained during the performance test for that
catalytic oxidizer.
(6) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(4) or (5) of this section. The plan must
address, at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(i)
through (iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e.,
conversion efficiency) following the oxidizer manufacturer's or
catalyst supplier's recommended procedures.
(ii) Monthly inspection of the oxidizer system, including the
burner assembly
[[Page 22647]]
and fuel supply lines for problems and, as necessary, adjustment of the
equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal and monthly external visual inspection of the
catalyst bed to check for channeling, abrasion, and settling. If
problems are found, you must replace the catalyst bed and conduct a new
performance test to determine destruction efficiency according to Sec.
63.3166.
(c) Regenerative carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is
a regenerative carbon adsorber, establish the operating limits
according to paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle and
the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your carbon adsorber are the minimum
total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the regeneration cycle
and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded after the cooling
cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use all valid data collected during the performance test to
calculate and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas
temperature maintained during the performance test. This average
condenser outlet gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for
your condenser.
(e) Concentrators. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) and (2)of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption gas inlet temperature at least once every 15 minutes during
each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use all valid data collected during the performance test to
calculate and record the average desorption gas inlet temperature. The
minimum operating limit for the concentrator is 8 degrees Celsius (15
degrees Fahrenheit) below the average desorption gas inlet temperature
maintained during the performance test for that concentrator. You must
keep the set point for the desorption gas inlet temperature no lower
than 6 degrees Celsius (10 degrees Fahrenheit) below the lower of that
set point during the performance test for that concentrator and the
average desorption gas inlet temperature maintained during the
performance test for that concentrator.
(f) Emission capture systems. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.3165(a) and that is
not capturing emissions from a downdraft spray booth or from a flash-
off area or bake oven associated with a downdraft spray booth,
establish an operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this
section. The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 1 to this
subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by Sec.
63.3160 and described in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3165, you must
monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure for each separate capture device in your emission
capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each of the three
test runs at a point in the duct between the capture device and the
add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device,
using all valid data. This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct
static pressure is the minimum operating limit for that specific
capture device.
Sec. 63.3168 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally-spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating operation is operating, except during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control
activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and required
zero and span adjustments).
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out of control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position
[[Page 22648]]
indicator must be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that
could divert the emissions away from the add-on control device to the
atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure monitoring. Ensure that any bypass line valve
is in the closed (nondiverting) position through monitoring of valve
position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating operation is stopped when flow is diverted by the
bypass line away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere when
the coating operation is running. You must inspect the automatic
shutdown system at least once every month to verify that it will detect
diversions of flow and shut down the coating operation.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.3120.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those used to treat desorbed concentrate streams from
concentrators or carbon adsorbers), you must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor
upstream of the catalyst bed. If you establish the operating parameters
for a catalytic oxidizer under Sec. 63.3167(b)(1) through (3), you
must also install a gas temperature monitor downstream of the catalyst
bed. The temperature monitors must be in the gas stream immediately
before and after the catalyst bed to measure the temperature difference
across the bed. If you establish the operating parameters for a
catalytic oxidizer under Sec. 63.3167(b)(4) through (6), you need not
install a gas temperature monitor downstream of the catalyst bed.
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) and (c)(3)(i)
through (vii) of this section for each gas temperature monitoring
device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 4
degrees Fahrenheit or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic
interference and chemical contaminants.
(iv) If a gas temperature chart recorder is used, it must have a
measurement sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.
(v) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually
according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual.
Following the electronic calibration, you must conduct a temperature
sensor validation check in which a second or redundant temperature
sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a
reading within 30 degrees Fahrenheit of the process temperature sensor
reading.
(vi) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor
exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature
range or install a new temperature sensor.
(vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and
electrical connections for continuity, oxidation, and galvanic
corrosion.
(d) Regenerative carbon adsorbers. If you are using a regenerative
carbon adsorber as an add-on control device, you must monitor the total
regeneration desorbing gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each
regeneration cycle, the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration
and cooling cycle, and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and
(d)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent, capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must have a measurement
sensitivity of 1 percent of the temperature (as expressed in degrees
Fahrenheit) recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit, whichever is greater, and
must be capable of recording the temperature within 15 minutes of
completing any carbon bed cooling cycle.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The gas temperature monitor must have a measurement sensitivity
of 1 percent of the temperature (expressed in degrees Fahrenheit)
recorded or 1 degree Fahrenheit, whichever is greater.
(2) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(f) Concentrators. If you are using a concentrator, such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must install a
temperature monitor in the desorption gas stream. The temperature
monitor must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) and
(c)(3) of this section.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) and (g)(1)(i) through
(iv) of this section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Reduce swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to
upstream and downstream disturbances.
(iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least
semiannually.
(iv) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) and (g)(2)(i) through
(vi) of this section.
(i) Locate the pressure tap(s) in a position that provides a
representative measurement of the pressure drop across each opening you
are monitoring.
(ii) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and
internal and external corrosion.
(iii) Check pressure tap pluggage daily.
(iv) Using an inclined manometer with a measurement sensitivity of
0.0002 inch water, check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer
calibration monthly.
(v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the
manufacturer's specified maximum
[[Page 22649]]
operating pressure range or install a new pressure sensor.
(vi) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity, electrical
connections for continuity, and mechanical connections for leakage.
Compliance Requirements for the Combined Primer-Surfacer, Topcoat,
Final Repair, Glass Bonding Primer, and Glass Bonding Adhesive Emission
Limitations and the Separate Electrodeposition Primer Emission
Limitations
Sec. 63.3170 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of Sec. 63.3160.
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of Sec.
63.3160.
Sec. 63.3171 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
(a) You must meet all of the requirements of this section to
demonstrate initial compliance. To demonstrate initial compliance, the
organic HAP emissions from the combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final
repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations
plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener materials and for
adhesive and sealer materials that are not components of glass bonding
systems, used in coating operations added to the affected source
pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) must meet the applicable emission
limitation in Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b); and the organic HAP
emissions from the electrodeposition primer operation must meet the
applicable emissions limitations in Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in Sec.
63.3160(a)(4), you must establish and demonstrate continuous compliance
during the initial compliance period with the operating limits required
by Sec. 63.3093, using the procedures specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3167
and 63.3168.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plans
required by Sec. 63.3094(b) and (c) during the initial compliance
period, as specified in Sec. 63.3130.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in Sec. 63.3161(e) through (n), excluding materials used in
electrodeposition primer operations, to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b). You
must follow the procedures in paragraph (e) of this section to
demonstrate compliance with the emission limit in Sec. 63.3092(a), or
paragraphs (f) through (g) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the emission limitations in Sec. 63.3092(b).
(e) Determine the mass fraction of each organic HAP in each
material used in the electrodeposition primer operation. You must
determine the mass fraction of each organic HAP for each material used
in the electrodeposition primer operation during the compliance period
by using one of the options in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of each organic HAP.
(2) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit
an alternative test method for approval.
(3) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section, such as
manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic HAP that
is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined carcinogens,
as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4), and at 1.0 percent by mass or
more for other compounds. If there is a disagreement between such
information and results of a test conducted according to paragraph
(e)(1) or (2) of this section, then the test method results will take
precedence unless after consultation, the facility demonstrates to the
satisfaction of the enforcement authority that the facility's data are
correct.
(f) Capture of electrodeposition bake oven emissions. You must show
that the electrodeposition bake oven meets the criteria in sections 5.3
through 5.5 of Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and directs
all of the exhaust gases from the bake oven to an add-on control
device.
(g) Control of electrodeposition bake oven emissions. Determine the
efficiency of each control device on each electrodeposition bake oven
using the procedures in Sec. Sec. 63.3164 and 63.3166.
(h) Compliance demonstration. To demonstrate initial compliance,
the organic HAP emissions from the combined primer-surfacer, topcoat,
final repair, glass bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive
operations plus all coatings and thinners, except for deadener
materials and for adhesive and sealer materials that are not components
of glass bonding systems, used in coating operations added to the
affected source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c) must meet the applicable
emission limitation in Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b); the
organic HAP emissions from the electrodeposition primer operation must
meet the applicable emissions limitations in Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b).
You must keep all records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.3130 and
63.3131. As part of the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.3110, you must submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate from the combined primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations plus all coatings
and thinners, except for deadener materials and for adhesive and sealer
materials that are not components of glass bonding systems, used in
coating operations added to the affected source pursuant to Sec.
63.3082(c) was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b), and the organic HAP emissions
from the electrodeposition primer operation met the applicable
emissions limitations in Sec. 63.3092(a) or (b), and you achieved the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.3093 and the work practice
standards required by Sec. 63.3094.
Sec. 63.3172 [Reserved]
Sec. 63.3173 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b), the organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period determined according to the
procedures in Sec. 63.3171 must be equal to or less than the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(b) or Sec. 63.3091(b). A
compliance period consists of 1 month. Each month after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.3170 is a compliance
period consisting of that month. You must perform the calculations in
Sec. 63.3171 on a monthly basis.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 1 month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.3090(b) or
Sec. 63.3091(b), this is a deviation from the emission limitation for
that compliance period and must be
[[Page 22650]]
reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.3110(c)(6) and 63.3120(a)(6).
(c) You must meet the requirements of Sec. 63.3163(c) through (j).
Other Requirements and Information
Sec. 63.3175 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, EPA, or a
delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If the
Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or tribal
agency, then that agency (as well as EPA) has the authority to
implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your EPA
Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement of this
subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are
retained by the EPA Administrator and are not transferred to the State,
local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section:
(1) Approval of alternatives to the work practice standards in
Sec. 63.3094 under Sec. 63.6(g).
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under Sec.
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
Sec. 63.3176 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in the General
Provisions of this part, and in this section as follows:
Add-on control device means an air pollution control device, such
as a thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an
air stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the
atmosphere.
Add-on control device efficiency means the ratio of the emissions
collected or destroyed by an add-on air pollution control device to the
total emissions that are introduced into the control device, expressed
as a percentage.
Adhesive means any chemical substance that is applied for the
purpose of bonding two surfaces together.
Adhesive and sealer material means adhesives, sealers and thinners
added to adhesives or sealers.
Anti-chip coating means a specialty type of coating designed to
reduce stone chipping damage. It is applied on selected vehicle
surfaces that are exposed to impingement by stones and other road
debris. It is typically applied after the electrodeposition primer and
before the topcoat Anti-chip coatings are a type of primer-surfacer.
Automobile means a motor vehicle designed to carry up to eight
passengers, excluding vans, sport utility vehicles, and motor vehicles
designed primarily to transport light loads of property. See also
Light-duty truck.
Automobile and/or light-duty truck assembly plant means facilities
involved primarily in assembly of automobiles and light-duty trucks,
including coating facilities and processes.
Bake oven air seal means an entry or entry vestibule to or an exit
or exit vestibule from a bake oven which isolates the bake oven from
the area immediately preceding (for an entry or entry vestibule) or
immediately following (for an exit or exit vestibule) the bake oven. No
significant VOC generating activity takes place in a bake oven air
seal. Fresh air is supplied into a bake oven air seal and is then
directed in part into the bake oven and in part into the area
immediately preceding or immediately following the bake oven.
Basecoat/clearcoat means a topcoat system applied to exterior and
selected interior vehicle surfaces primarily to provide an
aesthetically pleasing appearance and acceptable durability
performance. It consists of a layer of pigmented basecoat color
coating, followed directly by a layer of a clear or semitransparent
coating. It may include multiple layers of color coats or tinted clear
materials.
Blackout coating means a type of specialty coating applied on
selected vehicle surfaces (including areas of the engine compartment
visible through the grill, and window and pillar trim) to provide a
cosmetic appearance. Typically black or dark gray color. Blackout
coating may be included in either the primer-surfacer or topcoat
operations.
Body part means exterior parts such as hoods, fenders, doors, roof,
quarter panels, decklids, tail gates, and cargo beds. Body parts were
traditionally made of sheet metal, but now are also made of plastic.
Bumpers, fascia, and cladding are not body parts.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency or capture system efficiency means the portion
(expressed as a percentage) of the pollutants from an emission source
that is delivered to an add-on control device.
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating operation in the use of
coatings, both at the point of application and at subsequent points
where emissions from the coatings occur, such as flash-off, drying, or
curing. As used in this subpart, multiple capture devices that collect
emissions generated by a coating operation are considered a single
capture system.
Catalytic oxidizer means a device for oxidizing pollutants or waste
materials via flame and heat incorporating a catalyst to aid the
combustion at lower operating temperature.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other materials such as dirt, grease, oil, and dried (e.g., depainting)
or wet coating from a substrate before or after coating application; or
from equipment associated with a coating operation, such as spray
booths, spray guns, tanks, and hangers. Thus, it includes any cleaning
material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means a material applied to a substrate for decorative,
protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, paints, sealants, caulks, inks, adhesives, primers,
deadeners, and maskants. Decorative, protective, or functional
materials that consist only of protective oils for metal, acids, bases,
or any combination of these substances are not considered coatings for
the purposes of this subpart.
Coating operation means equipment used to apply coating to a
substrate (coating application) and to dry or cure the coating after
application. A single coating operation always includes at least the
point at which a coating is applied and all subsequent points in the
affected source where organic HAP emissions from that coating occur.
There may be multiple coating operations in an affected source. Coating
application with hand-held nonrefillable aerosol containers, touchup
bottles, touchup markers, marking pens, or pinstriping equipment is not
a coating operation for the purposes of this subpart. The application
of temporary materials such as protective oils and ``travel waxes''
that are designed to be removed from the vehicle before it is delivered
to a
[[Page 22651]]
retail purchaser is not a coating operation for the purposes of this
subpart.
Coating solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating.
Container means a receptacle, such as a can, vessel, tote, or tank,
in which coatings, solvents or cleaning materials are held, stored,
mixed, or carried.
Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total
equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and
availability requirements of this subpart; used to sample, condition
(if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating operation, or
capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating operation means a coating operation from which
some or all of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Day tank means tank with agitation and pumping system used for
mixing and continuous circulation of coatings from the paint storage
area to the spray booth area of the paint shop.
Deadener means a specialty coating applied to selected vehicle
surfaces for the purpose of reducing the sound of road noise in the
passenger compartment.
Deadener material means deadener and thinner added to deadener.
Deposited solids means the coating solids which remain on the
substrate or object being painted.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source fails to meet
any requirement or obligation established by this subpart including,
but not limited to, any emission limit, operating limit, or work
practice standard; fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted
to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or fails to meet any emission limit or operating
limit or work practice standard in this subpart during startup,
shutdown, or malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is
permitted by this subpart. A deviation is not always a violation.
Electrodeposition primer or electrocoating primer means a process
of applying a protective, corrosion-resistant waterborne primer on
exterior and interior surfaces that provides thorough coverage of
recessed areas. It is a dip coating method that uses an electrical
field to apply or deposit the conductive coating onto the part. The
object being painted acts as an electrode that is oppositely charged
from the particles of paint in the dip tank. Also referred to as E-
Coat, Uni-Prime, and ELPO Primer.
Emission limitation means an emission limit, operating limit, or
work practice standard.
Final repair means the operations performed and coating(s) applied
to completely-assembled motor vehicles or to parts that are not yet on
a completely assembled motor vehicle to correct damage or imperfections
in the coating. The curing of the coatings applied in these operations
is accomplished at a lower temperature than that used for curing
primer-surfacer and topcoat. This lower temperature cure avoids the
need to send parts that are not yet on a completely assembled vehicle
through the same type of curing process used for primer-surfacer and
topcoat and is necessary to protect heat sensitive components on
completely assembled motor vehicles.
Flash-off area means the portion of a coating process between the
coating application station and the next coating application station or
drying oven where solvent begins to evaporate from the coated vehicle.
Glass bonding adhesive means an adhesive used to bond windshield or
other glass to an automobile or light-duty truck body.
Glass bonding primer means a primer applied to windshield or other
glass, or to body openings to prepare the glass or body openings for
the application of glass bonding adhesive, or the installation of
adhesive bonded glass.
Guide coat means Primer-surfacer.
In-line repair means the operation performed and coating(s) applied
to correct damage or imperfections in the topcoat on parts that are not
yet on a completely assembled motor vehicle. The curing of the coatings
applied in these operations is accomplished at essentially the same
temperature as that used for curing the previously applied topcoat.
Also referred to as high bake repair or high bake reprocess. In-line
repair is considered part of topcoat.
Light-duty truck means vans, sport utility vehicles, and motor
vehicles designed primarily to transport light loads of property with
gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500 lbs or less.
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
coating) that are supplied by the material manufacturer based on
knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture that material, rather
than based on testing of the material with the test methods specified
in Sec. Sec. 63.3151 and 63.3161. Manufacturer's formulation data may
include, but are not limited to, information on density, organic HAP
content, volatile organic matter content, and coating solids content.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as kg
of organic HAP per kg of material.
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of
coating material.
Paint line means a set of coating operations which includes a
topcoat operation and, if present, includes electrodeposition primer,
primer-surfacer, final repair, glass bonding primer and glass bonding
adhesive operations in which the same new automobile or new light-duty
truck bodies, or body parts for new automobiles, or new light-duty
trucks are coated. The most typical paint line consists of a set of
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, and glass bonding adhesive operations in which the same
new automobile or new light-duty truck bodies are coated.
Paint shop means the collection of all areas at the facility in
which new automobile or new light-duty truck bodies, or body parts for
new automobiles or new light-duty trucks are phosphated and coated
(including application, flash-off, drying and curing of
electrodeposition primer, primer-surfacer, topcoat, final repair, glass
bonding primer, glass bonding adhesive, deadener, adhesives and
sealers); all coating operations added to the affected source pursuant
to Sec. 63.3082(c); all areas at the facility in which substrates or
equipment are cleaned relating to the coating of new automobile or new
light-duty truck bodies, the coating of body parts for new automobiles
or new light-duty trucks, or coating operations added to the affected
source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c); and all areas at the facility used
for storage, mixing, conveying and waste handling of coatings, thinners
and cleaning materials related to the coating of new automobile or new
light-duty truck bodies, the coating of body parts for new automobiles
or new light-duty trucks, or coating operations added to the affected
source pursuant to Sec. 63.3082(c). If there is no application of
topcoat to new automobile or new light-duty truck bodies, or body parts
for new automobiles or new light-duty trucks at the facility, then for
purposes of this subpart the facility does not have a paint shop.
[[Page 22652]]
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Primer-surfacer means an intermediate protective coating applied on
the electrodeposition primer and under the topcoat. It provides
adhesion, protection, and appearance properties to the total finish.
Also called a guide coat or surfacer. Anti-chip coatings are a type of
primer-surfacer.
Purge/clean operation means the process of flushing paint out and
cleaning the spray lines when changing colors or to remove undesired
material. It includes use of air and solvents to clean the lines.
Purge capture means the capture of purge solvent and materials into
a closed collection system immediately after purging the system. It is
used to prevent the release of organic HAP emissions and includes the
disposal of the captured purge material.
Purge material means the coating and associated cleaning solvent
materials expelled from the spray system during the process of cleaning
the spray lines and applicators when color-changing or to maintain the
cleanliness of the spray system.
Protective oil means an organic material that is applied to metal
for the purpose of providing lubrication or protection from corrosion
without forming a solid film. This definition of protective oil
includes, but is not limited to, lubricating oils, evaporative oils
(including those that evaporate completely), and extrusion oils.
Research or laboratory operations means surface coating for which
the primary purpose is research and development of new processes and
products, that is conducted under the close supervision of technically
trained personnel, and that is not part of the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Sealer means a high solids, high viscosity material, generally, but
not always, applied in the paint shop after the body has received an
electrodeposition primer coating. The primary purpose of sealers is to
fill body joints completely so that there is no intrusion of water,
gases or corrosive materials into the passenger area of the body
compartment. Also referred to as sealants.
Spray booth means a ventilated structure housing automatic and/or
manual spray application equipment for coating operations. Includes
facilities for the capture and entrapment of particulate overspray.
Spray booth air seal means an entry vestibule to or exit vestibule
from a spray booth which isolates the spray booth from the area
immediately preceeding (for an entry vestibule) or immediately
following (for an exit vestibule) the spray booth. No coating
application or other VOC generating activity takes place in a spray
booth air seal. Fresh air is supplied into a spray booth air seal and
is then directed in part into the spray booth and in part into the area
immediately preceeding or immediately following the spray booth.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is used in a
facility to produce a salable product.
Surface preparation means use of a cleaning material on a portion
of or all of a substrate. This includes use of a cleaning material to
remove dried coating, which is sometimes called ``depainting.''
Surfacer means Primer-surfacer.
Tack-wipe means solvent impregnated cloth used to remove dust from
surfaces prior to application of coatings.
Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
Thermal oxidizer means a device for oxidizing air pollutants or
waste materials via flame and heat.
Thinner means an organic solvent that is added to a coating after
the coating is received from the supplier.
Topcoat means the final coating system applied to provide the final
color and/or a protective finish. The topcoat may be a monocoat color
or basecoat/clearcoat system. In-line repair and two-tone are part of
topcoat.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic matter determined according to Methods 204
and 204A through F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting the
term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The TVH
includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Touchup bottle means a glass or metal bottle of less than 0.10
liter volume furnished with a brush that is permanently attached to the
bottle closure.
Transfer efficiency means the ratio of the amount of coating solids
deposited onto the surface of the object to the total amount of coating
solids sprayed while applying the coating to the object.
Uncontrolled coating operation means a coating operation from which
none of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Volume fraction of coating solids means the ratio of the volume of
coating solids (also known as volume of nonvolatiles) to the volume of
coating; liters of coating solids per liter of coating.
Tables to Subpart IIII of Part 63
If you are required to comply with operating limits by Sec.
63.3093, you must comply with the applicable operating limits in the
following table:
Table 1 to Subpart IIII of Part 63.--Operating Limits for Capture
Systems and Add-On Control Devices
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And you must
You must meet the demonstrate
For the following device . . following operating continuous
. limit . . . compliance with the
operating limit by
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thermal oxidizer......... a. The average i. Collecting the
combustion combustion
temperature in any temperature data
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not fall below the 63.3168(c);
combustion ii. Reducing the
temperature limit data to 3-hour
established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. Maintaining the
63.3167(a). 3-hour average
combustion
temperature at or
above temperature
limit.
-----------------------------
2. Catalytic oxidizer....... a. The average i. Collecting the
temperature temperature data
measured just temperature
before the catalyst according to Sec.
bed in any 3-hour 63.3168(c);
period must not ii. Reducing the
fall below the data to 3-hour
limit established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. Maintaining the
63.3167(b); and 3-hour average
either. temperature before
the catalyst bed at
or above the
temperature limit.
[[Page 22653]]
b. Ensure that the i. Collecting the
average temperature temperature data
difference across according to Sec.
the catalyst bed in 63.3168(c);
any 3-hour period ii. Reducing the
does not fall below data to 3-hour
the temperature block averages; and
difference limit iii. Maintaining the
established 3-hour average
according to Sec. temperature
63.3167(b)(2); or. difference at or
above the
temperature
difference limit;
or
c. Develop and i. Maintaining an up-
implement an to-date inspection
inspection and maintenance plan,
maintenance plan records of annual
according to Sec. catalyst activity
63.3167(b)(4). checks, records of
monthly inspections
of the oxidizer
system, and records
of the annual
internal
inspections of the
catalyst bed. If a
problem is
discovered during a
monthly or annual
inspection required
by Sec.
63.3167(b)(4), you
must take
corrective action
as soon as
practicable
consistent with the
manufacturer's
recommendations.
-----------------------------
3. Regenerative carbon a. The total i. Measuring the
adsorber. regeneration total regeneration
desorbing gas desorbing gas
(e.g., steam or (e.g., steam or
nitrogen) mass flow nitrogen) mass flow
for each carbon bed for each
regeneration cycle regeneration cycle
must not fall below according to Sec.
the total 63.3168(d); and
regeneration ii. Maintaining the
desorbing gas mass total regeneration
flow limit desorbing gas mass
established flow at or above
according to Sec. the mass flow
63.3167(c). limit.
b. The temperature i. Measuring the
of the carbon bed temperature of the
after completing carbon bed after
each regeneration completing each
and any cooling regeneration and
cycle must not any cooling cycle
exceed the carbon according to Sec.
bed temperature 63.3168(d); and
limit established ii. Operating the
according to Sec. carbon beds such
63.3167(c). that each carbon
bed is not returned
to service until
completing each
regeneration and
any cooling cycle
until the recorded
temperature of the
carbon bed is at or
below the
temperature limit.
-----------------------------
4. Condenser................ a. The average i. Collecting the
condenser outlet condenser outlet
(product side) gas (product side) gas
temperature in any temperature
3-hour period must according to Sec.
not exceed the 63.3168(e);
temperature limit ii. Reducing the
established data to 3-hour
according to Sec. block averages; and
63.3167(d). iii. Maintaining the
3-hour average gas
temperature at the
outlet at or below
the temperature
limit.
-----------------------------
5. Concentrators, including a. The average i. Collecting the
zeolite wheels and rotary desorption gas temperature data
carbon adsorbers. inlet temperature according to Sec.
in any 3-hour 63.3168(f);
period must not ii. Reducing the
fall below the data to 3-hour
limit established block averages; and
according to Sec. iii. maintaining the
63.3167(e). 3-hour average
temperature at or
above the
temperature limit.
-----------------------------
6. Emission capture system a. The direction of i. Collecting the
that is a PTE. the air flow at all direction of air
times must be into flow, and either
the enclosure; and the facial velocity
either. of air through all
b. The average natural draft
facial velocity of openings according
air through all to Sec.
natural draft 63.3168(g)(1) or
openings in the the pressure drop
enclosure must be across the
at least 200 feet enclosure according
per minute; or. to Sec.
c. The pressure drop 63.3168(g)(2); and
across the ii. Maintaining the
enclosure must be facial velocity of
at least 0.007 inch air flow through
water, as all natural draft
established in openings or the
Method 204 of pressure drop at or
appendix M to 40 above the facial
CFR part 51. velocity limit or
pressure drop
limit, and
maintaining the
direction of air
flow into the
enclosure at all
times.
-----------------------------
7. Emission capture system a. The average gas i. Vollecting the
that is not a PTE. volumetric flow gas volumetric flow
rate or duct static rate or duct static
pressure in each pressure for each
duct between a capture device
capture device and according to Sec.
add-on control 63.3168(g);
device inlet in any ii. Reducing the
3-hour period must data to 3-hour
not fall below the block averages; and
average volumetric iii. Maintaining the
flow rate or duct 3-hour average gas
static pressure volumetric flow
limit established rate or duct static
for that capture pressure for each
device according to capture device at
Sec. 63.3167(f). or above the gas
volumetric flow
rate or duct static
pressure limit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:
[[Page 22654]]
Table 2 to Subpart IIII of Part 63.--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart IIII of Part 63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citation Subject Applicable to subpart IIII Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(12)............. General Applicability. Yes........................
Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3).............. Initial Applicability Yes........................ Applicability to
Determination. subpart IIII is also
specified in Sec.
63.3081.
Sec. 63.1(c)(1).................. Applicability After Yes........................
Standard Established.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2).................. Applicability of No......................... Area sources are not
Permit Program for subject to subpart
Area Sources. IIII.
Sec. 63.1(c)(5).................. Extensions and Yes........................
Notifications.
Sec. 63.1(e)..................... Applicability of Yes........................
Permit Program Before
Relevant Standard is
Set.
Sec. 63.2........................ Definitions........... Yes........................ Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.3176.
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c)................. Units and Yes........................
Abbreviations.
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5).............. Prohibited Activities. Yes........................
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c)................. Circumvention/ Yes........................
Fragmentation.
Sec. 63.5(a)..................... Preconstruction Review Yes........................
Applicability.
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6).............. Requirements for Yes........................
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
Sec. 63.5(d)..................... Application for Yes........................
Approval of
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(e)..................... Approval of Yes........................
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(f)..................... Approval of Yes........................
Construction/
Reconstruction Based
on Prior State Review.
Sec. 63.6(a)..................... Compliance With Yes........................
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--Applica
bility.
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7).............. Compliance Dates for Yes........................ Section 63.3083
New and Reconstructed specifies the
Sources. compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5).............. Compliance Dates for Yes........................ Section 63.3083
Existing Sources. specifies the
compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2).............. Operation and Yes.......................
Maintenance.
Sec. 63.6(e)(3).................. SSMP.................. Yes........................ Only sources using an
add-on control device
to comply with the
standard must
complete SSMP.
Sec. 63.6(f)(1).................. Compliance Except Yes........................ Applies only to
During Startup, sources using an add-
Shutdown, and on control device to
Malfunction. comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3).............. Methods for Yes.
Determining
Compliance.
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3).............. Use of an Alternative Yes.
Standard.
Sec. 63.6(h)..................... Compliance With No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Opacity/Visible establish opacity
Emission Standards. standards and does
not require
continuous opacity
monitoring systems
(COMS).
Sec. 63.6(i)..................... Extension of Yes.
Compliance.
63.6(j)............................ Presidential Yes.
Compliance Exemption.
Sec. 63.7(a)(1).................. Performance Test Yes........................ Applies to all
Requirements--Applica affected sources.
bility. Additional
requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3164 and
63.3166.
Sec. 63.7(a)(2).................. Performance Test Yes........................ Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Section 63.3160
specifies the
schedule for
performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
Sec. 63.7(a)(3).................. Performance Tests Yes.
Required By the
Administrator.
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e)................. Performance Test Yes........................ Applies only to
Requirements--Notific performance tests for
ation, Quality capture system and
Assurance, Facilities add-on control device
Necessary for Safe efficiency at sources
Testing Conditions using these to comply
During Test. with the standards.
Sec. 63.7(f)..................... Performance Test Yes........................ Applies to all test
Requirements--Use of methods except those
Alternative Test used to determine
Method. capture system
efficiency.
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h)................. Performance Test Yes........................ Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and
Recordkeeping, add-on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standards.
[[Page 22655]]
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3).............. Monitoring Yes........................ Applies only to
Requirements--Applica monitoring of capture
bility. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
63.3168.
Sec. 63.8(a)(4).................. Additional Monitoring No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
Sec. 63.8(b)..................... Conduct of Monitoring. Yes........................ ......................
63.8(c)(1)-(3)..................... Continuous Monitoring Yes........................ Applies only to
Systems (CMS) monitoring of capture
Operation and system and add-on
Maintenance. control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
63.3168.
Sec. 63.8(c)(4).................. CMS................... No......................... Section 63.3168
specifies the
requirements for the
operation of CMS for
capture systems and
add-on control
devices at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Sec. 63.89(c)(5)................. COMS.................. No......................... Subpart IIII does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6).................. CMS Requirements...... No......................... Section 63.3168
specifies the
requirements for
monitoring systems
for capture systems
and add-on control
devices at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(7).................. CMS Out-of-Control No ......................
Periods.
Sec. 63.8(c)(8).................. CMS Out-of-Control No......................... Section 63.3120
Periods Reporting. requires reporting of
CMS out-of-control
periods.
Sec. 63.8(d)-(e)................. Quality Control No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Program and CMS require the use of
Performance continuous emissions
Evaluation. monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5).............. Use of an Alternative Yes.
Monitoring Method.
Sec. 63.8(f)(6).................. Alternative to No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Relative Accuracy require the use of
Test. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5).............. Data Reduction........ No......................... Sections 63.3167 and
63.3168 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d)................. Notification Yes.
Requirements.
Sec. 63.9(e)..................... Notification of Yes........................ Applies only to
Performance Test. capture system and
add-on control device
performance tests at
sources using these
to comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.9(f)..................... Notification of No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Visible Emissions/ have opacity or
Opacity Test. visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3).............. Additional No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Notifications When require the use of
Using CMS. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.9(h)..................... Notification of Yes........................ Section 63.3110
Compliance Status. specifies the dates
for submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
Sec. 63.9(i)..................... Adjustment of Yes........................ ......................
Submittal Deadlines.
Sec. 63.9(j)..................... Change in Previous Yes.
Information.
Sec. 63.10(a).................... Recordkeeping/ Yes.
Reporting--Applicabil
ity and General
Information.
Sec. 63.10(b)(1)................. General Recordkeeping Yes........................ Additional
Requirements. requirements are
specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.3130 and
63.3131.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(i)-(v).......... Recordkeeping Relevant Yes........................ Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, startup, shutdown,
and Malfunction and malfunction
Periods and CMS. records only apply to
capture systems and
add-on control
devices used to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(vi)-(xi)........ ...................... Yes.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xii)............ Records............... Yes.
[[Page 22656]]
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiii)........... ...................... No......................... Subpart IIII does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2)(xiv)............ ...................... Yes.
Sec. 63.10(b)(3)................. Recordkeeping Yes.
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.
Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6)............. Additional Yes.
Recordkeeping
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8)............. ...................... No......................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.3120(a)(6).
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15)............ ...................... Yes ......................
Sec. 63.10(d)(1)................. General Reporting Yes........................ Additional
Requirements. requirements are
specified in Sec.
63.3120.
Sec. 63.10(d)(2)................. Report of Performance Yes........................ Additional
Test Results. requirements are
specified in Sec.
63.3120(b).
Sec. 63.10(d)(3)................. Reporting Opacity or No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Visible Emissions require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
Sec. 63.10(d)(4)................. Progress Reports for Yes.
Sources With
Compliance Extensions.
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)................. Startup, Shutdown, and Yes........................ Applies only to
Malfunction Reports. capture systems and
add-on control
devices used to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2)............. Additional CMS Reports No......................... Subpart IIII does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(e)(3)................. Excess Emissions/CMS No......................... Section 63.3120(b)
Performance Reports. specifies the
contents of periodic
compliance reports.
Sec. 63.10(e)(4)................. COMS Data Reports..... No......................... Subpart IIII does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
Sec. 63.10(f).................... Recordkeeping/ Yes ......................
Reporting Waiver.
Sec. 63.11....................... Control Device No......................... Subpart IIII does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
Sec. 63.12....................... State Authority and Yes.
Delegations.
Sec. 63.13....................... Addresses............. Yes.
Sec. 63.14....................... Incorporation by Yes.
Reference.
Sec. 63.15....................... Availability of Yes.
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:
Table 3 to Subpart IIII of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average organic
Solvent/solvent blend CAS. No. HAP mass fraction Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene..................................... 108-88-3 1.0 Toluene.
2. Xylene(s)................................... 1330-20-7 1.0 Xylenes, ethylbenzene.
3. Hexane...................................... 110-54-3 0.5 n-hexane.
4. n-Hexane.................................... 110-54-3 1.0 n-hexane.
5. Ethylbenzene................................ 100-41-4 1.0 Ethylbenzene.
6. Aliphatic 140............................... ............... 0 None.
7. Aromatic 100................................ ............... 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
8. Aromatic 150................................ ............... 0.09 Naphthalene.
9. Aromatic naphtha............................ 64742-95-6 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
10. Aromatic solvent........................... 64742-94-5 0.1 Naphthalene.
11. Exempt mineral spirits..................... 8032-32-4 0 None.
12. Ligroines (VM & P)......................... 8032-32-4 0 None.
13. Lactol spirits............................. 64742-89-6 0.15 Toluene.
14. Low aromatic white spirit.................. 64742-82-1 0 None.
15. Mineral spirits............................ 64742-88-7 0.01 Xylenes.
16. Hydrotreated naphtha....................... 64742-48-9 0 None.
17. Hydrotreated light distillate.............. 64742-47-8 0.001 Toluene.
18. Stoddard solvent........................... 8052-41-3 0.01 Xylenes.
19. Super high-flash naphtha................... 64742-95-6 0.05 Xylenes.
20. Varsol[reg] solvent........................ 8052-49-3 0.01 0.5% xylenes, 0.5% ethylbenzene.
21. VM & P naphtha............................. 64742-89-8 0.06 3% toluene, 3% xylene.
[[Page 22657]]
22. Petroleum distillate mixture............... 68477-31-6 0.08 4% naphthalene, 4% biphenyl.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data:
Table 4 to Subpart IIII of Part 63.--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Solvent type organic HAP Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
mass fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic \b\.................. 0.03 1% Xylene, 1% Toluene, and 1% Ethylbenzene.
Aromatic \c\................... 0.06 4% Xylene, 1% Toluene, and 1% Ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the solvent blends in Table 3 to this
subpart, and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
\b\ E.g., Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon,
Aliphatic Naphtha, Naphthol Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent Naphtha,
Solvent Blend.
\c\ E.g., Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Light Aromatic Solvent.
Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part 63--Determination of Capture
Efficiency of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Spray Booth Emissions
From Solvent-borne Coatings Using Panel Testing
1.0 Applicability, Principle, and Summary of Procedure.
1.1 Applicability.
This procedure applies to the determination of capture
efficiency of automobile and light-duty truck spray booth emissions
from solvent-borne coatings using panel testing. This procedure can
be used to determine capture efficiency for partially controlled
spray booths (e.g., automated spray zones controlled and manual
spray zones not controlled) and for fully controlled spray booths.
1.2 Principle.
1.2.1 The volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with the
coating solids deposited on a part (or panel) in a controlled spray
booth zone (or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones)
partition themselves between the VOC that volatilize in the
controlled spray booth zone (principally between the spray gun and
the part) and the VOC that remain on the part (or panel) when the
part (or panel) leaves the controlled spray booth zone. For solvent-
borne coatings essentially all of the VOC associated with the
coating solids deposited on a part (or panel) in a controlled spray
booth zone that volatilize in the controlled spray booth zone pass
through the waterwash and are exhausted from the controlled spray
booth zone to the control device.
1.2.2 The VOC associated with the overspray coating solids in a
controlled spray booth zone partition themselves between the VOC
that volatilize in the controlled spray booth zone and the VOC that
are still tied to the overspray coating solids when the overspray
coating solids hit the waterwash. For solvent-borne coatings almost
all of the VOC associated with the overspray coating solids that
volatilize in the controlled spray booth zone pass through the
waterwash and are exhausted from the controlled spray booth zone to
the control device. The exact fate of the VOC still tied to the
overspray coating solids when the overspray coating solids hit the
waterwash is unknown. This procedure assumes that none of the VOC
still tied to the overspray coating solids when the overspray
coating solids hit the waterwash are captured and delivered to the
control device. Much of this VOC may become entrained in the water
along with the overspray coating solids. Most of the VOC that become
entrained in the water along with the overspray coating solids leave
the water, but the point at which this VOC leave the water is
unknown. Some of the VOC still tied to the overspray coating solids
when the overspray coating solids hit the waterwash may pass through
the waterwash and be exhausted from the controlled spray booth zone
to the control device.
1.2.3 This procedure assumes that the portion of the VOC
associated with the overspray coating solids in a controlled spray
booth zone that volatilizes in the controlled spray booth zone,
passes through the waterwash and is exhausted from the controlled
spray booth zone to the control device is equal to the portion of
the VOC associated with the coating solids deposited on a part (or
panel) in that controlled spray booth zone that volatilizes in the
controlled spray booth zone, passes through the waterwash, and is
exhausted from the controlled spray booth zone to the control
device. This assumption is equivalent to treating all of the coating
solids sprayed in the controlled spray booth zone as if they are
deposited coating solids (i.e., assuming 100 percent transfer
efficiency) for purposes of using a panel test to determine spray
booth capture efficiency.
1.2.4 This is a conservative (low) assumption for the portion of
the VOC associated with the overspray coating solids in a controlled
spray booth zone that volatilizes in the controlled spray booth
zone. Thus, this assumption results in an underestimate of
conservative capture efficiency. The overspray coating solids have
more travel time and distance from the spray gun to the waterwash
than the deposited coating solids have between the spray gun and the
part (or panel). Therefore, the portion of the VOC associated with
the overspray coating solids in a controlled spray booth zone that
volatilizes in the controlled spray booth zone should be greater
than the portion of the VOC associated with the coating solids
deposited on a part (or panel) in that controlled spray booth zone
that volatilizes in that controlled spray booth zone.
1.3 Summary of Procedure.
1.3.1 A panel test is performed to determine the mass of VOC
that remains on the panel when the panel leaves a controlled spray
booth zone. The total mass of VOC associated with the coating solids
deposited on the panel is calculated.
1.3.2 The percent of the total VOC associated with the coating
solids deposited on the panel in the controlled spray booth zone
that remains on the panel when the panel leaves the controlled
section of the spray booth is then calculated from the ratio of the
two previously determined masses. The percent of the total VOC
associated with the coating solids deposited on the panel in the
controlled spray booth zone that is captured and delivered to the
control device equals 100 minus this percentage. (The mass of VOC
associated with the coating solids deposited on the panel which is
volatilized and captured in the controlled spray booth zone equals
the difference between the total mass of VOC associated with the
coating solids deposited on the panel and the mass of VOC remaining
with the coating solids
[[Page 22658]]
deposited on the panel when the panel leaves the controlled spray
booth zone.)
1.3.3 The percent of the total VOC associated with the coating
sprayed in the controlled spray booth zone that is captured and
delivered to the control device is assumed to be equal to the
percent of the total VOC associated with the coating solids
deposited on the panel in the controlled spray booth zone that is
captured and delivered to the control device. The percent of the
total VOC associated with the coating sprayed in the entire spray
booth that is captured and delivered to the control device can be
calculated by multiplying the percent of the total VOC associated
with the coating sprayed in the controlled spray booth zone that is
captured and delivered to the control device by the fraction of
coating sprayed in the spray booth that is sprayed in the controlled
spray booth zone.
2.0 Procedure.
2.1 You may conduct panel testing to determine the capture
efficiency of spray booth emissions. You must follow the
instructions and calculations in this appendix A, and use the panel
testing procedures in ASTM Method D5087-02, ``Standard Test Method
for Determining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released
from Solventborne Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a
VOC Control Device (Abatement)'' (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 63.14), or the guidelines presented in ``Protocol for
Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of
Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-
018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22). You
must weigh panels at the points described in section 2.5 of this
appendix A and perform calculations as described in sections 3 and 4
of this appendix A. You may conduct panel tests on the production
paint line in your facility or in a laboratory simulation of the
production paint line in your facility.
2.2 You may conduct panel testing on representative coatings as
described in ``Protocol for Determining Daily Volatile Organic
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat
Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and
Docket ID No. A-2001-22). If you panel test representative coatings,
then you may calculate either a unique percent capture efficiency
value for each coating grouped with that representative coating, or
a composite percent capture efficiency value for the group of
coatings. If you panel test each coating, then you must convert the
panel test result for each coating to a unique percent capture
efficiency value for that coating.
2.3 Identification of Controlled Spray Booth Zones.
You must identify each controlled spray booth zone or each group
of contiguous controlled spray booth zones to be tested. (For
example, a controlled bell zone immediately followed by a controlled
robotic zone.) Separate panel tests are required for non-contiguous
controlled spray booth zones. The flash zone between the last
basecoat zone and the first clearcoat zone makes these zones non-
contiguous.
2.4 Where to Apply Coating to the Panel.
If you are conducting a panel test for a single controlled spray
booth zone, then you must apply coating to the panel only in that
controlled spray booth zone. If you are conducting a panel test for
a group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones, then you must
apply coating to the panel only in that group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones.
2.5 How to Process and When to Weigh the Panel.
The instructions in this section pertain to panel testing of
coating, i, or of the coating representing the group of coatings
that includes coating, i.
2.5.1 You must weigh the blank panel. (Same as in bake oven
panel test.) The mass of the blank panel is represented by
Wblank,i (grams).
2.5.2 Apply coating, i, or the coating representing coating, i,
to the panel in the controlled spray booth zone or group of
contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested (in plant
test), or in a simulation of the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested
(laboratory test).
2.5.3 Remove and weigh the wet panel as soon as the wet panel
leaves the controlled spray booth zone or group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones being tested. (Different than bake oven
panel test.) This weighing must be conducted quickly to avoid
further evaporation of VOC. The mass of the wet panel is represented
by Wwet,i (grams).
2.5.4 Return the wet panel to the point in the coating process
or simulation of the coating process where it was removed for
weighing.
2.5.5 Allow the panel to travel through the rest of the coating
process in the plant or laboratory simulation of the coating
process. You must not apply any more coating to the panel after it
leaves the controlled spray booth zone (or group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones) being tested. The rest of the coating
process or simulation of the coating process consists of:
2.5.5.1 All of the spray booth zone(s) or simulation of all of
the spray booth zone(s) located after the controlled spray booth
zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being
tested and before the bake oven where the coating applied to the
panel is cured,
2.5.5.2 All of the flash-off area(s) or simulation of all of the
flash-off area(s) located after the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested and
before the bake oven where the coating applied to the panel is
cured, and
2.5.5.3 The bake oven or simulation of the bake oven where the
coating applied to the panel is cured.
2.5.6 After the panel exits the bake oven, you must cool and
weigh the baked panel. (Same as in bake oven panel test.) The mass
of the baked panel is represented by Wbaked,i (grams).
3.0 Panel Calculations.
The instructions in this section pertain to panel testing of
coating, i, or of the coating representing the group of coatings
that includes coating, i.
3.1 The mass of coating solids (from coating, i, or from the
coating representing coating, i, in the panel test) deposited on the
panel equals the mass of the baked panel minus the mass of the blank
panel as shown in Equation A-1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.028
Where:
Wsdep, i = Mass of coating solids (from coating, i,
or from the coating representing coating, i, in the panel test)
deposited on the panel, grams.
3.2 The mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the coating
representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the wet
panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested equals
the mass of the wet panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled
spray booth zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones
being tested minus the mass of the baked panel as shown in Equation
A-2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.029
Where:
Wrem,i = Mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the
coating representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the
wet panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone
or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested,
grams.
3.3 Calculate the mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the
coating representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the
wet panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone
or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested per
mass of coating solids deposited on the panel as shown in Equation
A-3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.030
Where:
Pm,i = Mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the coating
representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the wet
panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested per
mass of coating solids deposited on the panel, grams of VOC
remaining per gram of coating solids deposited.
Wrem, i = Mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the
coating representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the
wet panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone
or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested,
grams.
Wsdep,i = Mass of coating solids (from coating, i, or
from the coating representing coating, i, in the panel test)
deposited on the panel, grams.
4.0 Converting Panel Result to Percent Capture.
The instructions in this section pertain to panel testing of for
coating, i, or of the coating representing the group of coatings
that includes coating, i.
[[Page 22659]]
4.1 If you panel test representative coatings, then you may
convert the panel test result for each representative coating from
section 3.3 of this appendix A either to a unique percent capture
efficiency value for each coating grouped with that representative
coating by using coating specific values for the mass fraction
coating solids and mass fraction VOC in section 4.2 of this appendix
A, or to a composite percent capture efficiency value for the group
of coatings by using the average values for the group of coatings
for mass fraction coating solids and mass fraction VOC in section
4.2 of this appendix A. If you panel test each coating, then you
must convert the panel test result for each coating to a unique
percent capture efficiency value by using coating specific values
for the mass fraction coating solids and mass fraction VOC in
section 4.2 of this appendix A. The mass fraction of VOC in the
coating and the mass fraction of solids in the coating must be
determined by Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60) or by
following the guidelines for combining analytical VOC content and
formulation solvent content presented in ``Protocol for Determining
Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and
Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID
No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
4.2 The percent of VOC for coating, i, or composite percent of
VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i, associated with
the coating solids deposited on the panel that remains on the wet
panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested is
calculated using Equation A-4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.031
Where:
Pvocpan,i = Percent of VOC for coating, i, or composite
percent of VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i,
associated with the coating solids deposited on the panel that
remains on the wet panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled
spray booth zone (or group of contiguous controlled spray booth
zones) being tested, percent.
Pm,i = Mass of VOC (from coating, i, or from the coating
representing coating, i, in the panel test) remaining on the wet
panel when the wet panel leaves the controlled spray booth zone or
group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being tested per
mass of coating solids deposited on the panel, grams of VOC
remaining per gram of coating solids deposited.
Ws,i = Mass fraction of coating solids for coating, i, or
average mass fraction of coating solids for the group of coatings
including coating, i, grams coating solids per gram coating,
determined by Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60) or by
following the guidelines for combining analytical VOC content and
formulation solvent content presented in ``Protocol for Determining
Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and
Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-018 (Docket ID
No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
Wvocc,i = Mass fraction of VOC in coating, i, or average
mass fraction of VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i,
grams VOC per grams coating, determined by Method 24 (appendix A to
40 CFR part 60) or the guidelines for combining analytical VOC
content and formulation solvent content presented in ``Protocol for
Determining Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of
Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,'' EPA-450/3-88-
018 (Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0093 and Docket ID No. A-2001-22).
4.3 The percent of VOC for coating, i, or composite percent of
VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i, associated with
the coating sprayed in the controlled spray booth zone (or group of
contiguous controlled spray booth zones) being tested that is
captured in the controlled spray booth zone or group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones being tested, CEzone,i
(percent), is calculated using Equation A-5.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.032
Where:
CEzone,i = Capture efficiency for coating, i, or for the
group of coatings including coating, i, in the controlled spray
booth zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being
tested as a percentage of the VOC in the coating, i, or of the group
of coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the controlled spray
booth zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being
tested, percent.
4.4 Calculate the percent of VOC for coating, i, or composite
percent of VOC for the group of coatings including coating, i,
associated with the entire volume of coating, i, or with the total
volume of all of the coatings grouped with coating, i, sprayed in
the entire spray booth that is captured in the controlled spray
booth zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being
tested, using Equation A-6. The volume of coating, i, or of the
group of coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the controlled
spray booth zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones
being tested, and the volume of coating, i, or of the group of
coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the entire spray booth may
be determined from gun on times and fluid flow rates or from direct
measurements of coating usage.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR26AP04.033
Where:
CEi = Capture efficiency for coating, i, or for the group
of coatings including coating, i, in the controlled spray booth zone
(or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones) being tested
as a percentage of the VOC in the coating, i, or of the group of
coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the entire spray booth in
which the controlled spray booth zone (or group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones) being tested, percent.
Vzone,i = Volume of coating, i, or of the group of
coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the controlled spray booth
zone or group of contiguous controlled spray booth zones being
tested, liters.
Vbooth,i = Volume of coating, i, or of the group of
coatings including coating, i, sprayed in the entire spray booth
containing the controlled spray booth zone (or group of contiguous
controlled spray booth zones) being tested, liters.
4.5 If you conduct multiple panel tests for the same coating or
same group of coatings in the same spray booth (either because the
coating or group of coatings is controlled in non-contiguous zones
of the spray booth, or because you choose to conduct separate panel
tests for contiguous controlled spray booth zones), then you may add
the result from section 4.4 for each such panel test to get the
total capture efficiency for the coating or group of coatings over
all of the controlled zones in the spray booth for the coating or
group of coatings.
[[Page 22660]]
Subpart MMMM--[Amended]
0
4. Section 63.3881 is amended by adding paragraphs (c)(17), and (d),
and revising paragraphs (e)(2) introductory text and (e)(3) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.3881 Am I subject to this subpart?
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(17) Surface coating of metal components of automobiles and light-
duty trucks that meets the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.3082(b)
for the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40
CFR part 63, subpart IIII) at a facility that meets the applicability
criteria in Sec. 63.3081(b).
(d) If your facility meets the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.3081(b) of the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII), and you perform surface coating
of metal parts or products that meets both the applicability criteria
in Sec. 63.3082(c) and the applicability criteria of the Surface
Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (40 CFR part 63,
subpart MMMM), then for the surface coating of any or all of your metal
parts or products that meets the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.3082(c), you may choose to comply with the requirements of subpart
IIII of this part in lieu of complying with the Surface Coating of
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP. Surface coating
operations on metal parts or products not intended for use in
automobiles or light-duty trucks (for example, parts for motorcycles or
lawn mowers) cannot be made part of your affected source under subpart
IIII of this part.
(e) * * *
(2) You may comply with the emission limitation representing the
predominant surface coating activity at your facility, as determined
according to paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section. However,
you may not establish high performance, rubber-to-metal, or extreme
performance fluoropolymer coating operations as the predominant
activity. You must not consider any surface coating activity that is
subject to the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII) in determining the predominant
surface coating activity at your facility.
* * * * *
(3) You may comply with a facility-specific emission limit
calculated from the relative amount of coating activity that is subject
to each emission limit. If you elect to comply using the facility-
specific emission limit alternative, then compliance with the facility-
specific emission limit and the emission limitations in this subpart
for all surface coating operations constitutes compliance with this and
other applicable surface coating NESHAP. The procedures for calculating
the facility-specific emission limit are specified in Sec. 63.3890. In
calculating a facility-specific emission limit, you must include
coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of other
surface coating NESHAP and constitute more than 1 percent of total
coating activities at your facility. You must not consider any surface
coating activity that is subject to the Surface Coating of Automobiles
and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII) in
determining a facility-specific emission limit for your facility.
Coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of other
surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1 percent of total
coating activities need not be included in the calculation of the
facility-specific emission limit but must be included in the compliance
calculations.
0
5. Section 63.3910 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.3910 What notifications must I submit?
* * * * *
(b) Initial Notification. You must submit the initial notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after January 2,
2004, whichever is later. For an existing affected source, you must
submit the initial notification no later than 1 year after January 2,
2004. If you are using compliance with the Surface Coating of
Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (subpart IIII of this part) as
provided for under Sec. 63.3881(d) to constitute compliance with this
subpart for any or all of your metal parts coating operations, then you
must include a statement to this effect in your initial notification,
and no other notifications are required under this subpart in regard to
those metal parts coating operations. If you are complying with another
NESHAP that constitutes the predominant activity at your facility under
Sec. 63.3881(e)(2) to constitute compliance with this subpart for your
metal parts coating operations, then you must include a statement to
this effect in your initial notification, and no other notifications
are required under this subpart in regard to those metal parts coating
operations.
* * * * *
Subpart PPPP--[Amended]
0
6. Section 63.4481 is amended by adding paragraphs (c)(16) and (d), and
revising paragraphs (e)(2) introductory text and (3) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.4481 Am I subject to this subpart?
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(16) Surface coating of plastic components of automobiles and
light-duty trucks that meet the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.3082(b) of the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII) at a facility that meets the
applicability criteria in Sec. 63.3081(b).
(d) If your facility meets the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.3081(b) of the Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII) and you perform surface coating
of plastic parts or products that meets both the applicability criteria
in Sec. 63.3082(c) and the applicability criteria of this subpart,
then for the surface coating of any or all of your plastic parts or
products that meets the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.3082(c), you
may choose to comply with the requirements of subpart IIII of this part
in lieu of complying with this subpart. Surface coating operations on
plastic parts or products not intended for use in automobiles or light-
duty trucks (for example, parts for motorcycles or lawn mowers) cannot
be made part of your affected source under subpart IIII of this part.
(e) * * *
(2) You may comply with the emission limitation representing the
predominant surface coating activity at your facility, as determined
according to paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section. However,
you may not establish assembled on-road vehicle or automotive lamp
coating operations as the predominant activity. You must not consider
any surface coating activity that is subject to the Surface Coating of
Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII)
in determining the predominant surface coating activity at your
facility.
* * * * *
(3) You may comply with a facility-specific emission limit
calculated from the relative amount of coating activity that is subject
to each emission limit. If you elect to comply using the facility-
specific emission limit alternative, then compliance with the facility-
specific emission limit and the emission limitations in this subpart
for all surface coating operations constitutes compliance with this
subpart and other applicable surface coating NESHAP.
[[Page 22661]]
The procedures for calculating the facility-specific emission limit are
specified in Sec. 63.4490. In calculating a facility-specific emission
limit, you must include coating activities that meet the applicability
criteria of other surface coating NESHAP and constitute more than 1
percent of total coating activities at your facility. You must not
consider any surface coating activity that is subject to the Surface
Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subpart IIII) in determining a facility-specific emission limit for
your facility. Coating activities that meet the applicability criteria
of other surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1 percent of
total coating activities need not be included in the calculation of the
facility-specific emission limit but must be included in the compliance
calculations.
0
7. Section 63.4510 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.4510 What notifications must I submit?
* * * * *
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the initial notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after April 19,
2004, whichever is later. For an existing affected source, you must
submit the initial notification no later than 1 year after April 19,
2004. If you are using compliance with the Surface Coating of
Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP (subpart IIII of this part) as
provided for under Sec. 63.4481(d) to constitute compliance with this
subpart for any or all of your plastic parts coating operations, then
you must include a statement to this effect in your initial
notification, and no other notifications are required under this
subpart in regard to those plastic parts coating operations. If you are
complying with another NESHAP that constitutes the predominant activity
at your facility under Sec. 63.4481(e)(2) to constitute compliance
with this subpart for your plastic parts coating operations, then you
must include a statement to this effect in your initial notification,
and no other notifications are required under this subpart in regard to
those plastic parts coating operations.
* * * * *
PART 264--[AMENDED]
0
8. The authority citation for part 264 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6924, and 6925, et seq.
0
9. Section 264.1050 is amended by adding paragraph (h) after paragraph
(g) and before the note to read as follows:
Sec. 264.1050 Applicability.
* * * * *
(h) Purged coatings and solvents from surface coating operations
subject to the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants
(NESHAP) for the surface coating of automobiles and light-duty trucks
at 40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII, are not subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
* * * * *
PART 265--[AMENDED]
0
10. The authority citation for part 265 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6924, 6925, and 6935, et
seq.
0
11. Section 265.1050 is amended by adding paragraph (g) after paragraph
(f) and before the note to read as follows:
Sec. 265.1050 Applicability.
* * * * *
(g) Purged coatings and solvents from surface coating operations
subject to the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants
(NESHAP) for the surface coating of automobiles and light-duty trucks
at 40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII, are not subject to the requirements of
this subpart.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 04-8215 Filed 4-23-04; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P