[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 156 (Monday, August 15, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 47777-47781]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-16117]
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
50 CFR Part 660
[Docket No. 050801214-5214-01; I.D. 072105B]
RIN 0648-AQ91
Fisheries Off West Coast States and in the Western Pacific;
Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Sea Turtle Mitigation Measures
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Proposed rule; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: This proposed rule would set requirements for attending
protected species workshops, for handling, resuscitating, and releasing
sea turtles that are hooked or entangled in fishing gear, and for
fishing gear configuration. The proposed rule is intended to reduce and
mitigate interactions between sea turtles and vessels managed under the
Fishery Management Plan for the Pelagic Fisheries of the Western
Pacific Region (Pelagics FMP). This action is being taken to comply
with the terms and conditions of a 2004 Biological Opinion resulting
from a section 7 consultation under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) on
interactions between sea turtles and fisheries managed under the
Pelagic FMP.
DATES: Comments on the proposed rule must be received by September 14,
2005.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments on this proposed rule or its Initial
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA), identified by 0648-AQ91 by any
of the following methods:
E-mail: [email protected]. Include in the subject line
of the e-mail comment the following document identifier: Turtle
Measures. Comments sent via e-mail, including all attachments, must not
exceed a 10 megabyte file size.
Federal e-Rulemaking portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments.
Mail: William L. Robinson, Administrator, NMFS, Pacific
Islands Region (PIR), 1601 Kapiolani Boulevard, Suite 1110, Honolulu,
HI 96814-4700.
Fax: 808-973-2941.
Copies of the regulatory amendment document, which includes an
Environmental Assessment (EA) and an IRFA, may be obtained from Kitty
M. Simonds, Executive Director, Western Pacific Fishery Management
Council (WPFMC), 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400, Honolulu, HI 96813, or
on the internet at www.wpcouncil.org.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Robert Harman, NMFS PIR, 808-944-2271.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: NMFS conducted a section 7 consultation
under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) on interactions between sea
turtles and fisheries managed under the Pelagic FMP. The result of this
consultation was a Biological Opinion that was issued on February 23,
2004 (2004 Opinion). The 2004 Opinion concluded that the fisheries
managed under the Pelagics FMP were not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of sea turtles or other species listed as
threatened or endangered under the ESA. Included in the actions
considered under the 2004 Opinion were several measures required by a
previous (15 November 2002) Biological Opinion (2002 Opinion) on the
Pelagics FMP fisheries. These measures were vacated on 1 April 2004, by
a Federal Court order. The requirements for general longline permits
were additional to those pre-existing requirements for Hawaii-based
longline limited access permit holders. Terms and conditions of the
2004 Opinion required: (a) owners and operators of vessels registered
for use under longline general permits to attend protected species
workshops annually; (b) owners and operators of vessels registered for
use under longline general permits to carry and use dip nets, line
clippers, and bolt cutters, and follow sea turtle handling,
resuscitation, and release requirements for
[[Page 47778]]
incidentally hooked or entangled sea turtles; and (c) operators of non-
longline vessels using hooks to target pelagic management unit species
to follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation, and release requirements,
as well as to remove the maximum amount of the gear possible from
incidentally hooked or entangled sea turtles.
At its 122nd meeting (March 22-25, 2004), the (Western Pacific
Fishery Management Council (WPFMC) took initial action on the three
measures listed above by indicating its preliminarily preferred
alternatives and recommending the development and analysis of a full
range of alternatives for final action. The WPFMC also requested
alternatives to be developed and analyzed for a fourth measure that
would require operators of vessels registered for use under longline
general permits (including those that will be registered for use under
American Samoa limited access longline permits) to use 18/0 or larger
circle hooks with a 10 offset, mackerel-type bait, and dehookers, when
shallow-setting north of the Equator. These requirements had previously
been implemented in the Hawaii-based limited access longline fishery in
April 2004.
The WPFMC recommended the inclusion of this fourth measure for two
reasons: (a) to extend the conservation benefits derived from the use
of circle hooks, mackerel-type bait, and dehookers, to all longline
vessels managed under the Pelagics FMP that may shallow-set north of
the Equator, and (b) to remove incentives for owners of Hawaii-based
longline vessels to shed their permits in favor of general permits, to
avoid using circle hooks, mackerel bait, etc., when shallow-setting
north of the Equator. The combination of large (size 18/0) circle hooks
and mackerel bait were shown to reduce catches of loggerhead sea
turtles by 92 percent and leatherback turtles by 67 percent, and
improve swordfish catches 30 percent, when used on Atlantic longline
vessels making shallow sets to target swordfish. Circle hooks have also
been found to hook turtles predominantly in the mouth rather than the
delicate tissues of the esophagus, thus minimizing trauma and
increasing survival rates for those turtles that are unavoidably
hooked.
Logbook data indicate that longline fishing under longline general
permits has been concentrated south of the Equator in U.S. exclusive
economic zone (EEZ) waters around American Samoa, where most vessels
target deep-swimming albacore tuna to sell to canneries in Pago Pago,
American Samoa. There are no domestic longline fisheries in Guam and
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, although there is
local interest in developing such fisheries. To date, no longline
general permit holders have elected to target swordfish (or other
species) north of the Equator using shallow sets. The main reason for
this is that the principal market for swordfish in the western Pacific
is Hawaii, and to land longline caught fish directly into Honolulu or
other ports in the State requires a Hawaii longline limited access
permit.
Vessels with longline general permits, however, could potentially
land in other ports within and beyond the western Pacific region. In
the past, for example, some longline vessels from the western Pacific
landed swordfish in California ports, but this opportunity is now
closed to vessels that are not permitted under the Pacific Fishery
Management Council's West Coast Highly Migratory Species Fishery
Management Plan. No western Pacific longline vessels have opted to land
fish at ports outside the U.S.A. in Central or South America, as the
economics of doing so weigh against this. Nonetheless, the WPFMC
believed it was prudent to anticipate the possibility of shallow-
setting north of the Equator by vessels that are registered for use
under longline general permits, no matter how unlikely this seems at
present. Thus, the WPFMC recommended that owners and operators of such
vessels should be required to employ the same sea turtle mitigation
measures as their Hawaii-based counterparts.
At its 123rd meeting (June 21-24, 2005), the WPFMC took final
action and recommended that NMFS approve and implement regulations to
require owners and operators of vessels registered for use under
longline general permits to: (a) attend annual protected species
workshops; (b) carry and use dip nets, line clippers, and bolt cutters,
and follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation, and release requirements
for incidentally-hooked or entangled sea turtles (vessels with a
freeboard of 3 ft (0.91 m) or less are exempted from carrying dipnets
or long-handled line clippers); and (c) use 18/0 or larger circle hooks
with a 10 offset, mackerel-type bait, and dehookers, when shallow-
setting north of the Equator (vessels with a freeboard of 3 ft (0.91 m)
or less are exempted from carrying long-handled dehookers). The WPFMC
also recommended that owners and operators of other (non-longline)
vessels, managed under the Pelagics FMP and using hooks to target PMUS,
remove trailing gear from incidentally hooked and entangled sea
turtles, and follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation, and release
requirements.
Classification
At this time, NMFS has not determined that this proposed rule is
consistent with the national standards of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery
Conservation and Management Act and other applicable laws. NMFS, in
making that determination, will take into account the data, views, and
comments received during the comment period.
This proposed rule has been determined to be not significant for
purposes of Executive Order 12866.
The WPFMC prepared an IRFA that describes the economic impact this
proposed rule, if adopted, would have on small entities. A copy of the
IRFA is available from Kitty M. Simonds, WPFMC (see ADDRESSES). A
description of the action, why it is being considered, its objectives,
and the legal basis for this action are contained at the beginning of
this section in the preamble and in the SUMMARY section of the
preamble. A summary of the analysis follows.
Most fishing vessels operating in the western Pacific region under
the Pelagics FMP are owner-operated, with few individuals holding
permits for more than one vessel. There are estimated to be between
9,416 and 15,816 of these fishing operations (these estimated totals
may include vessels that do not operate in EEZ waters), all of which
are believed to be small businesses, i.e., they have gross revenues of
less than $3.5 million annually.
Previously, all operators of longline vessels managed under the
Pelagics FMP were required to attend protected species workshops. This
requirement was removed when several regulations were vacated by a U.S.
District Court on April 1, 2004 (D.D.C., Civ. No. 01-0765). Requiring
both the owners and operators of vessels registered for use under
longline general permits to annually attend protected species workshops
will have a minimal cost for those who reside in Hawaii or American
Samoa, where the training workshops are conducted. Some 15 percent of
the vessels that fish in American Samoa and Hawaii under longline
permits, however, have owners that reside outside of those two areas. A
substantial travel cost to attend the workshops would be incurred by
those people. NMFS is currently accommodating the owners and operators
of Hawaii-based vessels that live outside Hawaii by providing interim
protected species training via computer disk, mailed to the owner or
operator. This type of remote training and certification
[[Page 47779]]
relieves potential travel costs, and may be further developed and
implemented for other owners and operators who are not able to attend
the workshops in person.
Owners and operators of the vessels that are registered for use
under longline general permits were previously required to carry and
use dipnets, long-handled line clippers, and bolt cutters, so most
vessels with longline general permits already have this gear. However,
these measures were also removed when several regulations were vacated
in the same April 1, 2004, case cited above. If these vessels need to
re-equip themselves, the costs are not expected to exceed $100 per
vessel. The WPFMC recommended that small longline vessels such as alias
(American Samoa-based catamaran longline vessels generally less than 40
ft (12.2 m) in length) not be required to carry a dip net or long-
handled line clippers because, due to the low freeboard on these boats,
operators can simply retrieve and release the turtle from the side of
the vessel without risk of additional injury to the animal.
The WPFMC's recommendation to require vessels registered under a
longline general permit to use 18/0 or larger circle hooks with a 10
offset, mackerel-type bait, and dehookers when shallow-setting north of
the Equator would incur the following costs: Re-equipping longlines
with 18/0 circle hooks plus swivels would cost approximately $1.50/
hook, and a large (> 75 ft) longline vessel generally deploys 2,000-
2,500 hooks/set, so the cost per vessel of that size would be $3,000 to
$3,750. American Samoa-based longline vessels already use mackerel-type
bait (sardine or saury (sanma)), so there would be no additional cost
for the bait requirement for these vessels. Obtaining approved
dehookers and associated equipment would cost about $500 per vessel.
The WPFMC recommended that small longline vessels with a freeboard of
less than or equal to three feet not be required to carry long-handled
dehookers because operators can more effectively and safely use short-
handled dehookers to release sea turtles without risk of additional
injury to the animal.
Under this proposed rule, the total cost to equip a vessel
registered for use with a longline general permit to shallow-set north
of the Equator is estimated to be between $3,500 and $4,250. An ongoing
additional annual replacement cost of $0.20 per hook would also be
required as circle hooks are slightly more expensive than typical ``J''
hooks.
The WPFMC recommendation to require operators of all vessels that
use hooks to target PMUS to follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation,
and release requirements, including removing trailing gear, is not
expected to exact any economic burden on these fishery participants
because there no gear requirements are being proposed for non-longline
vessels, and interactions are rare.
For each of the four measures recommended by the WPFMC, three
alternatives were developed, so altogether, 12 alternatives were
considered. The alternatives considered for the measure regarding
protected species workshop attendance by owners and of operators
vessels registered for use under longline general permits were: (a) no
action maintaining the status quo; (b) requiring annual attendance by
only vessel operators; and (c) requiring annual attendance by both
vessel owners and operators.
The alternatives considered for the measure regarding sea turtle
mitigation gear (i.e., dip nets, line clippers, bolt cutters) and
handling, resuscitation, and release requirements were: (a) no action
maintaining the status quo; (b) requiring owners and operators of
vessels registered under a longline general permit to carry and use dip
nets, line clippers, and bolt cutters, as well as follow handling,
resuscitation, and release requirements for hooked or entangled sea
turtles (vessels with 3 ft (0.91 m) of freeboard or less would be
exempt from carrying dip nets or long-handled line clippers;) and (c)
requiring owners and operators of vessels registered under a longline
general permit to carry and use dip nets, line clippers, and bolt
cutters, as well as follow handling, resuscitation, and release
requirements for hooked or entangled sea turtles with no exemptions for
longline vessels with freeboard less than three ft (0.91 m).
The alternatives for the measure regarding vessels that use hooks
to target pelagic management unit species were: (a) no action
maintaining the status quo; (b) requiring vessel owners and operators
to follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation, and release requirements,
including the removal of trailing gear from a hooked or entangled sea
turtle when fishing in the EEZ of the western Pacific region; and (c)
requiring vessel owners and operators to follow sea turtle handling,
resuscitation, and release requirements, including the removal of
trailing gear, wherever they fish.
The alternatives for the measure regarding gear and bait
requirements for owners and operators of vessels registered for use
under a longline general permit that may shallow-set north of the
Equator were: (a) no action maintaining the status quo; (b) requiring
owners and operators to use 18/0 or larger circle hooks with 10 offset,
mackerel-type bait, and dehookers when shallow-setting north of the
Equator; and (c) prohibiting shallow-setting north of the Equator by
vessels registered under longline general permits.
The following alternative was preferred in the IRFA because it best
complied with the terms and conditions of the 2004 Biological Opinion:
(a) requiring annual workshop attendance by both owners and operators;
(b) requiring owners and operators of vessels registered for use under
a longline general permit to carry and use dip nets, line clippers, and
bolt cutters, as well as to follow handling, resuscitation, and release
requirements for hooked or entangled sea turtles (vessels with 3 ft
(0.91 m) of freeboard or less would be exempted from carrying dip nets
or long-handled line clippers); (c) requiring longline vessel owners
and operators to follow sea turtle handling, resuscitation, and release
requirements, including the removal of trailing gear wherever they
fish; and (d) requiring longline vessels owners and operators to use
18/0 or larger circle hooks with 10 offset, mackerel-type bait, and
dehookers when shallow-setting north of the Equator (vessels with 3 ft
(0.91 m) of freeboard or less would not be required to carry long
handled dehookers).
The inclusion of existing text on turtle handling requirements from
50 CFR 660.32 (c) and (d), which is largely duplicative of text in 50
CFR 223.206, is necessary because 50 CFR 223.206 only applies to
threatened species of sea turtles. This proposed rule would extend
those handling requirements to interactions between Pelagics FMP
fishing vessels and all species of sea turtles. To the extent
practicable, it has been determined that there are no other Federal
rules that may duplicate, overlap or conflict with this proposed rule.
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 660
Administrative practice and procedure, American Samoa, Fisheries,
Fishing, Guam, Hawaiian Natives, Indians, Northern Mariana Islands,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
James W. Balsiger,
Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National
Marine Fisheries Service.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, 50 CFR part 660 is
proposed to be amended as follows:
[[Page 47780]]
PART 660--FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES AND IN THE WESTERN
PACIFIC
1. The authority citation for part 660 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.
2. In Sec. 660.22, paragraphs (ff), (gg), (ii), (ll), (nn), and
(oo) are revised to read as follows:
Sec. 660.22 Prohibitions.
* * * * *
(ff) Own or operate a vessel registered for use under any longline
permit issued under Sec. 660.21 while engaged in longline fishing for
Pelagic Management Unit Species and fail to be certified for completion
of a NMFS protected species workshop, in violation of Sec. 660.34(a).
(gg) Own or operate a vessel registered for use under any longline
permit issued under Sec. 660.21 while engaged in longline fishing for
Pelagic Management Unit Species without having on board a valid
protected species workshop certificate issued by NMFS or a legible copy
thereof, in violation of Sec. 660.34(d).
* * * * *
(ii) Fail to carry, or fail to use, a line clipper, dip net, or
dehooker on a vessel registered for use under any longline permit
issued under Sec. 660.21, in violation of Sec. 660.32.
* * * * *
(ll) When operating a vessel registered for use under any longline
permit issued under Sec. 660.21 or operating a vessel using hooks to
target Pelagic Management Unit Species while fishing under the Pelagics
FMP, fail to comply with the sea turtle handling requirements, in
violation of Sec. 660.32(b).
(nn) Engage in shallow-setting from a vessel registered for use
under any longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21 north of the
Equator (0[deg] lat.) with hooks other than offset circle hooks sized
18/0 or larger, with a 10 offset, in violation of Sec. 660.33(f).
(oo) Engage in shallow-setting from a vessel registered for use
under any longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21 north of the
Equator (0[deg] lat.) with bait other than mackerel-type bait, in
violation of Sec. 660.33(g).
* * * * *
3. In Sec. 660.32, paragraphs (a)(2) through (a)(4) are
redesignated as paragraphs (a)(4) through (a)(6); introductory text is
added to paragraph (a); paragraphs (a)(1) and (b) are revised; new
paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) are added; and paragraphs (c) and (d) are
removed to read as follows:
Sec. 660.32 Sea turtle mitigation measures.
(a) Possession and use of required mitigation gear. The gear
required in paragraph (a) of this section must be used according to the
sea turtle handling requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this
section.
(1) Hawaii longline limited access permits. Any owner or operator
of a vessel registered for use under a Hawaii longline limited access
permit must carry aboard the vessel line clippers meeting the minimum
design standards specified in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, dip
nets meeting the minimum design standards specified in paragraph (a)(6)
of this section, and dehookers meeting the minimum design and
performance standards specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
(2) Other longline vessels with a freeboard of more than 3 ft
(0.91m). Any owner or operator of a longline vessel with a permit
issued under Sec. 660.21 other than a Hawaii limited access longline
permit and that has a freeboard of more than 3 ft (0.91 m) must carry
aboard the vessel line clippers meeting the minimum design standards
specified in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, dip nets meeting the
minimum design standards specified in paragraph (a)(6) of this section,
and dehookers meeting ths minimum design and performance standards
specified in paragraph (a)(7) of this section.
(3) Other longline vessels with a freeboard of 3 ft (0.91 m) or
less. Any owner or operator of a longline vessel with a permit issued
under Sec. 660.21 other than a Hawaii limited access longline permit
and that has a freeboard of more than 3 ft (0.91 m) must carry aboard
their vessels line clippers capable of cutting the vessels fishing line
or leader within approximately 1 ft (0.3 m) of the eye of an embedded
hook, as well as wire or bolt cutters capable of cutting through the
vessel's hooks.
(4) Handline, troll, pole-and-line, and other vessels using hooks
other than longline vessels. Any owner or operator of a vessel fishing
under the Pelagics FMP with hooks other than longline gear are not
required to carry specific mitigation gear, but must comply with the
handling requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section.
* * * * *
(b) Handling requirements. If a sea turtle is observed to be hooked
or entangled in fishing gear from any vessel fishing under the Pelagics
FMP, vessel owners and operators must use the required mitigation gear
set forth in subsection (a) to comply with these handling requirements.
Any hooked or entangled sea turtle must be handled in a manner to
minimize injury and promote survival.
(1) Sea turtles that cannot be brought aboard. In instances where a
sea turtle is too large to be brought aboard or the sea turtle cannot
be brought aboard without causing further injury to the sea turtle, the
vessel owner or operator must disentangle and remove the gear, or cut
the line as close as possible to the hook or entanglement, to remove
the maximum amount of the gear from the sea turtle.
(2) Sea turtles that can be brought aboard. In instances where a
sea turtle is not too large to be brought aboard, or the sea turtle can
be brought aboard without causing further injury to the turtle, the
vessel owner or operator must take the following actions:
(i) Immediately bring the sea turtle aboard;
(ii) Handle the sea turtle in accordance with the procedures in
paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section; and
(iii) Disentangle and remove the gear, or cut the line as close as
possible to the hook or entanglement, to remove the maximum amount of
the gear from the sea turtle.
(3) Sea turtle resuscitation. If a sea turtle appears dead or
comatose, the following actions must be taken:
(i) Place the sea turtle on its belly (on the bottom shell or
plastron) so that the sea turtle is right side up and its hindquarters
elevated at least 6 inches (15.24 cm) for a period of no less than 4
hours and no more than 24 hours. The amount of the elevation varies
with the size of the sea turtle; greater elevations are needed for
larger sea turtles;
(ii) Administer a reflex test at least once every 3 hours. The test
is to be performed by gently touching the eye and pinching the tail of
a sea turtle to determine if the sea turtle is responsive;
(iii) Keep the sea turtle shaded and damp or moist (but under no
circumstances place the sea turtle into a container holding water). A
water-soaked towel placed over the eyes, carapace and flippers is the
most effective method of keeping a sea turtle moist; and
(iv) Return to the sea any sea turtle that revives and becomes
active in the manner described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Sea
turtles that fail to revive within the 24-hour period must also be
returned to the sea in the manner described in paragraph (b)(4) of this
section.
(4) Sea turtle release. After handling a sea turtle in accordance
with the requirements of paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section,
the sea turtle must be returned to the ocean after identification
unless NMFS requests the retention of a dead sea turtle for research.
In releasing a sea turtle the vessel owner or operator must:
[[Page 47781]]
(i) Place the vessel engine in neutral gear so that the propeller
is disengaged and the vessel is stopped, and release the sea turtle
away from deployed gear; and
(ii) Observe that the turtle is safely away from the vessel before
engaging the propeller and continuing operations.
(5) Other sea turtle requirements. No sea turtle, including a dead
turtle, may be consumed or sold. A sea turtle may be landed, offloaded,
transhipped or kept below deck only if NMFS requests the retention of a
dead sea turtle for research.
4. In Sec. 660.33, paragraphs (f) and (g) are revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 660.33 Western Pacific longline fishing restrictions.
* * * * *
(f) Any owner or operator of a vessel registered for use under any
longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21 must use only offset circle
hooks sized 18/0 or larger, with a 10[deg] offset, when shallow-setting
north of the Equator (0[deg] lat.). As used in this paragraph, an
offset circle hook sized 18/0 or larger is one with an outer diameter
at its widest point is no smaller than 1.97 inches (50 mm) when
measured with the eye of the hook on the vertical axis (y-axis) and
perpendicular to the horizontal axis (x-axis). As used in this
paragraph, a 10[deg] offset is measured from the barbed end of the hook
and is relative to the parallel plane of the eyed-end, or shank, of the
hook when laid on its side.
(g) Any owner or operator of a vessel registered for use under any
longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21 must use only mackerel-type
bait when shallow-setting north of the Equator (0[deg] lat.). As used
in this paragraph, mackerel-type bait means a whole fusiform fish with
a predominantly blue, green or gray back and predominantly gray, silver
or white lower sides and belly.
* * * * *
5. In Sec. 660.34, paragraphs (a), (c) and (d) are revised to read
as follows:
Sec. 660.34 Protected species workshops.
(a) Each year, both the owner and the operator of a vessel
registered for use under any longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21
must attend and be certified for completion of a workshop conducted by
NMFS on interaction mitigation techniques for sea turtles, seabirds and
other protected species.
* * * * *
(c) An owner of a vessel registered for use under any longline
permit issued under Sec. 660.21 must have a valid protected species
workshop certificate issued by NMFS to the owner of the vessel, in
order to maintain or renew their vessel registration.
(d) An owner and an operator of a vessel registered for use under
any longline permit issued under Sec. 660.21 must have on board the
vessel a valid protected species workshop certificate issued by NMFS to
the operator of the vessel, or a legible copy thereof.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 05-16117 Filed 8-12-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-S