[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 225 (Wednesday, November 23, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 70751-70761]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-23221]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
[R05-OAR-2005-IN-0010; FRL-8001-5]
Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans and Designation
of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; Indiana; Redesignation of
Vigo County 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area to Attainment for Ozone
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to make a determination that the Vigo County
ozone nonattainment area has attained the 8-hour ozone National Ambient
Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). This proposed determination is based on
three years of complete, quality-assured ambient air quality monitoring
data for the 2002-2004 seasons that demonstrate that the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS has been attained in the area.
EPA is proposing to approve a request from the State of Indiana to
redesignate Vigo County to attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. This
request was submitted by the Indiana Department of Environmental
Management (IDEM) on July 5, 2005 and supplemented on October 20, 2005
and November 4, 2005. In proposing to approve this request, EPA is also
proposing to approve the State's plan for maintaining the 8-hour ozone
NAAQS in this area through 2015 as a revision to the Indiana State
Implementation Plan (SIP). EPA is also finding adequate and is
proposing to approve the State's 2015 Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets
(MVEBs) for this area.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before December 23, 2005.
ADDRESSES: Submit comments, identified by Regional Material in EDocket
(RME) ID No. R05-OAR-2005-IN-0010, by one of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
2. Agency Web site: http://docket.epa.gov/rmepub/. RME, EPA's
electronic public docket and comments system, is EPA's preferred method
for receiving comments. Once in the system, select ``quick search,''
then key in the appropriate RME Docket identification number. Follow
the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
3. E-mail: [email protected].
4. Fax: (312) 886-5824.
5. Mail: You may send written comments to: John M. Mooney, Chief,
Air Programs Branch Criteria Pollutant Section, (AR-18J), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604.
6. Hand delivery: Deliver your comments to: John M. Mooney, Chief,
Air Programs Branch Criteria Pollutant Section, (AR-18J), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
18th floor, Chicago, Illinois 60604. Such deliveries are only accepted
during the Regional Office's normal hours of operation. The Regional
Office's official hours of business are Monday through Friday, 8:30
a.m. to 4:30 p.m. excluding Federal holidays.
Instructions: Direct your comments to RME ID No. R05-OAR-2005-IN-
0010. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in
the public docket without change, including any personal information
provided and may be made available online at http://docket.epa.gov/rmepub/, unless the comment includes information claimed to be
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you
consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through RME, regulations.gov,
or e-mail. The EPA RME Web site and the federal regulations.gov Web
site are ``anonymous access'' systems, which means EPA will not know
your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body
of your comment. If you send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without
going through RME or regulations.gov, your e-mail address will be
automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is
placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name
and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA
may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid
the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of
any defects or viruses.
Docket: All documents in the electronic docket are listed in the
RME index at http://docket.epa.gov/rmepub/. Although listed in the
index, some information is not publicly available, i.e., CBI or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet
and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly
available docket materials are available either electronically in RME
or in hard copy at the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Air
and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois
60604. We recommend that you telephone Steve Rosenthal, Environmental
Engineer, at (312) 886-6052 before visiting the Region 5 office. This
Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday,
excluding Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Steve Rosenthal, Environmental
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 886-6052,
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,''
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA.
Table of Contents
I. What Actions Is EPA Proposing to Take?
II. What Is the Background for These Actions?
III. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation?
IV. Why Is EPA Proposing to Take These Actions?
V. What Would Be the Effect of These Actions?
VI. What Is EPA's Analysis of the Request?
[[Page 70752]]
A. Attainment Determination and Redesignation
B. Adequacy of Indiana's Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs)
VII. Proposed Actions
VIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. What Actions Is EPA Proposing to Take?
EPA is proposing to take several related actions. EPA is proposing
to make a determination that the Vigo County, Indiana nonattainment
area has attained the 8-hour ozone standard and that Vigo County has
met the requirements for redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E). EPA
is thus proposing to approve the request to change the legal
designation of the Vigo County area from nonattainment to attainment
for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. EPA is also proposing to approve Indiana's
maintenance plan SIP revision for Vigo County (such approval being one
of the CAA criteria for redesignation to attainment status). The
maintenance plan is designed to keep Vigo County in attainment of the
ozone NAAQS for the next 10 years. Additionally, EPA is announcing its
action on the Adequacy Process for the newly-established 2015 MVEBs.
The Adequacy comment period for the 2015 MVEBs began on July 12, 2005,
with EPA's posting of the availability of this submittal on EPA's
Adequacy Web site (at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/transp/conform/adequacy.htm). The Adequacy comment period for these MVEBs ended on
August 11, 2005. No requests for this submittal or adverse comments on
this submittal were received during the Adequacy comment period. Please
see the Adequacy Section of this rulemaking for further explanation on
this process. Therefore, we are finding adequate and proposing to
approve the State's 2015 MVEBs for transportation conformity purposes.
II. What Is the Background for These Actions?
Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly by sources. Rather,
emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level
ozone. NOX and VOCs are referred to as precursors of ozone.
The CAA establishes a process for air quality management through
the NAAQS. Vigo County was designated unclassifiable/attainment under
the 1-hour ozone NAAQS, which was revoked on June 15, 2005. On July 18,
1997, EPA promulgated a revised 8-hour ozone standard of 0.08 parts per
million (ppm). This new standard is more stringent than the previous 1-
hour standard.
On April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23857), EPA published a final rule
designating and classifying areas under the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. These
designations and classifications became effective June 15, 2004. The
CAA required EPA to designate as nonattainment any area that was
violating the 8-hour ozone NAAQS based on the three most recent years
(2001-2003) of air quality data. The CAA contains two sets of
provisions--subpart 1 and subpart 2--that address planning and control
requirements for nonattainment areas. (Both are found in title I, part
D.) Subpart 1 (which EPA refers to as ``basic'' nonattainment) contains
general, less prescriptive, requirements for nonattainment areas for
any pollutant--including ozone--governed by a NAAQS. Subpart 2 (which
EPA refers to as ``classified'' nonattainment) provides more specific
requirements for ozone nonattainment areas. Some ozone nonattainment
areas are subject only to the provisions of subpart 1. Other ozone
nonattainment areas are also subject to the provisions of subpart 2.
Under EPA's 8-hour ozone implementation rule, signed on April 15, 2004,
(69 FR 23951) an area was classified under subpart 2 based on its 8-
hour ozone design value (i.e., the 3-year average annual fourth-highest
daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration), if it had a 1-hour
design value at or above 0.121 ppm (the lowest 1-hour design value in
Table 1 of subpart 2). All other areas are covered under subpart 1,
based upon their 8-hour design values. Vigo County was designated as a
subpart 1, 8-hour ozone nonattainment area by EPA on April 30, 2004,
(69 FR 23857) based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003.
Under EPA regulations at 40 CFR part 50, the 8-hour ozone standard
is attained when the 3-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily
maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations is less than or equal to
0.08 ppm (i.e., 0.084 ppm) when rounding is considered. 40 CFR 50.10
and Appendix I. See 69 FR 23857 (April 30, 2004) for further
information. The data completeness requirement is met when the average
percent of days with valid ambient monitoring data is greater than 90%,
and no single year has less than 75% data completeness as determined in
Appendix I of Part 50.
On July 5, 2005, Indiana requested that EPA redesignate Vigo County
to attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard. This request was
supplemented with submittals dated October 20, 2005 and November 4,
2005. The redesignation request included three years of complete,
quality-assured data for the period of 2002 through 2004, indicating
the 8-hour NAAQS for ozone had been attained for Vigo County. Under the
CAA, nonattainment areas may be redesignated to attainment if
sufficient complete, quality-assured data are available for the
Administrator to determine that the area has attained the standard and
the area meets the other CAA redesignation requirements in section
107(d)(3)(E).
III. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation?
The CAA provides the requirements for redesignating a nonattainment
area to attainment. Specifically, section 107(d)(3)(E) allows for
redesignation providing that: (1) The Administrator determines that the
area has attained the applicable NAAQS; (2) the Administrator has fully
approved the applicable implementation plan for the area under section
110(k); (3) the Administrator determines that the improvement in air
quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions
resulting from implementation of the applicable SIP and applicable
Federal air pollutant control regulations and other permanent and
enforceable reductions; (4) the Administrator has fully approved a
maintenance plan for the area as meeting the requirements of section
175A; and (5) the state containing such area has met all requirements
applicable to the area under section 110 and part D.
EPA provided guidance on redesignation in the General Preamble for
the Implementation of Title I of the CAA Amendments of 1990, on April
16, 1992 (57 FR 13498), and supplemented this guidance on April 28,
1992 (57 FR 18070). EPA has provided further guidance on processing
redesignation requests in the following documents:
``Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Design Value Calculations'', Memorandum
from William G. Laxton, Director Technical Support Division, June 18,
1990;
``Maintenance Plans for Redesignation of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide
Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from G. T. Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon
Monoxide Programs Branch, April 30, 1992;
``Contingency Measures for Ozone and Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Redesignations,'' Memorandum from G. T. Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon
Monoxide Programs Branch, June 1, 1992;
``Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to
Attainment,''
[[Page 70753]]
Memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management
Division, September 4, 1992;
``State Implementation Plan (SIP) Actions Submitted in Response to
Clean Air Act (ACT) Deadlines,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni,
Director, Air Quality Management Division, October 28, 1992;
``Technical Support Documents (TSD's) for Redesignation Ozone and
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from G. T.
Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon Monoxide Programs Branch, August 17, 1993;
``State Implementation Plan (SIP) Requirements for Areas Submitting
Requests for Redesignation to Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon
Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) On or
After November 15, 1992,'' Memorandum from Michael H. Shapiro, Acting
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, September 17, 1993;
``Use of Actual Emissions in Maintenance Demonstrations for Ozone
and CO Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from D. Kent Berry, Acting
Director, Air Quality Management Division, to Air Division Directors,
Regions 1-10, dated November 30, 1993.
``Part D New Source Review (part D NSR) Requirements for Areas
Requesting Redesignation to Attainment,'' Memorandum from Mary D.
Nichols, Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, October 14,
1994; and
``Reasonable Further Progress, Attainment Demonstration, and
Related Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas Meeting the Ozone
National Ambient Air Quality Standard,'' Memorandum from John S. Seitz,
Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, May 10, 1995.
IV. Why Is EPA Proposing To Take These Actions?
On July 5, 2005, Indiana requested redesignation of Vigo County to
attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard. Indiana supplemented this
request with submittals dated October 20, 2005 and November 4, 2005.
EPA believes that the area has attained the standard and has met the
requirements for redesignation set forth in section 107(d)(3)(E) of the
CAA.
V. What Would Be the Effect of These Actions?
Approval of the redesignation request and maintenance plan would
change the official designation of the area for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS
found at 40 CFR part 81. It would also incorporate into the Indiana SIP
a plan for maintaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS through 2015. The
maintenance plan includes contingency measures to remedy future
violations of the 8-hour NAAQS, and establishes MVEBs for the year 2015
of 2.48 tons per day (tpd) VOC and 3.67 tpd NOX for Vigo
County.
VI. What Is EPA's Analysis of the Request?
A. Attainment Determination and Redesignation
EPA is proposing to making a determination that the Vigo County
nonattainment area has attained the 8-hour ozone standard and that the
area has met all other applicable section 107(d)(3)(E) redesignation
criteria. The basis for EPA's determinations is as follows:
1. The Area Has Attained the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS (Section
107(d)(3)(E)(i))
EPA is proposing to make a determination that Vigo County has
attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. For ozone, an area may be considered
to be attaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS if there are no violations, as
determined in accordance with 40 CFR 50.10 and Appendix I, based on
three complete, consecutive calendar years of quality-assured air
quality monitoring data. To attain this standard, the 3-year average of
the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations
measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed
0.08 ppm. Based on the rounding convention described in 40 CFR Part 50,
Appendix I, the standard is attained if the design value is 0.084 ppm
or below. The data must be collected and quality-assured in accordance
with 40 CFR part 58, and recorded in Aerometric Information Retrieval
System (AIRS). The monitors generally should have remained at the same
location for the duration of the monitoring period required for
demonstrating attainment.
IDEM submitted ozone monitoring data for the 2002 to 2004 ozone
seasons. The State quality assures monitoring data in accordance with
40 CFR 58.10 and the Indiana Quality Assurance Manual and records the
data in the AIRS database, thus making the data publicly available.
IDEM operates two ozone monitors in Vigo County: Terre Haute and
Sandcut. The data for 2002-2004 have been quality assured and are
recorded in AIRS. For the Terre Haute monitor, data completeness
averaged 98%, 98%, and 100% in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. For
the Sandcut monitor, data completeness averaged 96%, 93% and 97% in
2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. The annual fourth highest 8-hour
average ozone concentrations and the three-year average fourth-high 8-
hour average ozone concentrations are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1.--Annual Fourth-High 8-Hour Average Ozone Concentration and Three-year Average Fourth-High 8-Hour
Average Ozone Concentrations in Vigo County, Indiana
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3-year average
Site Year 4th high 8-hour for ending year
average (ppm) (ppm)
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Terre Haute.................................................... 2002 0.082 NA
Terre Haute.................................................... 2003 0.066 NA
Terre Haute.................................................... 2004 0.057 0.068
Sandcut........................................................ 2002 0.099 NA
Sandcut........................................................ 2003 0.080 NA
Sandcut........................................................ 2004 0.072 0.084
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It should be noted that preliminary 2005 monitoring data show that
Vigo County continues to attain the 8-hour ozone standard.
In addition, as discussed below with respect to the maintenance
plan, IDEM has committed to continue monitoring in these areas in
accordance with 40 CFR part 58. In summary, EPA believes that the data
submitted by Indiana provide an adequate demonstration that Vigo County
has attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Therefore, we are
[[Page 70754]]
proposing to find that Vigo County has attained the 8-hour ozone
standard.
2. For Purposes of Redesignation the Area Has Met All Applicable
Requirements Under Section 110 and Part D; and the Area Has a Fully
Approved SIP Under Section 110(k) (Sections 107(d)(3)(E)(v) and
107(d)(3)(E)(ii))
We are proposing to determine Indiana has met all currently
applicable SIP requirements for purposes of redesignation for Vigo
County under Section 110 of the CAA (general SIP requirements). We are
also proposing to determine that the Indiana SIP meets all SIP
requirements currently applicable for purposes of redesignation under
Part D of Title I of the CAA (requirements specific to Subpart 1
nonattainment areas), in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(v). In
addition, we are proposing to determine that the Indiana SIP is fully
approved with respect to all applicable requirements for purposes of
redesignation, in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii). In making
these proposed determinations, we have ascertained what SIP
requirements are applicable to the areas for purposes of redesignation.
As discussed more fully below, SIPs must be fully approved only with
respect to currently applicable requirements of the CAA.
a. Vigo County has met all requirements applicable for purposes of
redesignation under section 110 and part D of the CAA. The September 4,
1992 Calcagni memorandum (see ``Procedures for Processing Requests to
Redesignate Areas to Attainment,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni,
Director, Air Quality Management Division, September 4, 1992) describes
EPA's interpretation of section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. Under this
interpretation, to qualify for redesignation of an area to attainment,
the state and the area must meet the relevant CAA requirements that
come due prior to the state's submittal of a complete redesignation
request for the area. See also the September 17, 1993 Michael Shapiro
memorandum and 60 FR 12459, 12465-66 (Mar. 7, 1995) (redesignation of
Detroit-Ann Arbor, Michigan to attainment of the 1-hour ozone NAAQS).
Applicable requirements of the CAA that come due subsequent to the
state's submittal of a complete request remain applicable until a
redesignation to attainment is approved, but are not required as a
prerequisite to redesignation. See section 175A(c) of the CAA. Sierra
Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 68 FR 25424, 25427
(May 12, 2003) (redesignation of the St. Louis/East St. Louis area to
attainment of the 1-hour ozone NAAQS).
General SIP requirements. Section 110(a) of title I of the CAA
contains the general requirements for a SIP. General SIP elements and
requirements are delineated in section 110(a)(2). These requirements
include, but are not limited to, the following: submittal of a SIP that
has been adopted by the state after reasonable public notice and
hearing; enforceable emission limitations and other control measures,
means or techniques; provisions for establishment and operation of
appropriate devices, methods, systems and procedures necessary to
monitor ambient air quality; implementation of a source permit program;
provisions for the implementation of part C, Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) and part D, New Source Review (NSR) permit
programs; criteria for stationary source emission control measures,
monitoring, and reporting; provisions for air quality modeling; and
provisions for public and local agency participation in planning and
emission control rule development.
Section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA requires that SIPs contain certain
measures to prevent sources in a state from significantly contributing
to air quality problems in another state. To implement this provision,
EPA has required certain states to establish programs to address
transport of air pollutants (NOX SIP Call,\1\ Clean Air
Interstate Rule (CAIR)(70 FR 25162)). However, the section 110(a)(2)(D)
requirements for a state are not linked with a particular nonattainment
area's designation and classification. EPA believes that the
requirements linked with a particular nonattainment area's designation
and classification are the relevant measures to evaluate in reviewing a
redesignation request. The transport SIP submittal requirements, where
applicable, continue to apply to a state regardless of the designation
of any one particular area in the state.
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\1\ On October 27, 1998 (63 FR 57356), EPA issued a
NOX SIP call, requiring the District of Columbia and 22
states, including Indiana, to reduce their statewide emissions of
NOX in order to reduce the transport of ozone and ozone.
In compliance with EPA's NOX SIP call, IDEM has developed
rules governing the control of NOX emissions from
Electric Generating Units (EGUs), major non-EGU industrial boilers,
and major cement kilns. EPA approved Indiana's rules as fulfilling
Phase I of the NOX SIP Call on November 8, 2001 (66 FR
56465). On December 11, 2003 (68 FR 69025) EPA approved revisions to
these rules.
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We believe that these requirements should not be construed to be
applicable requirements for purposes of redesignation. Further, we
believe that the other section 110 elements described above that are
not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and not linked with
an area's attainment status are also not applicable requirements for
purposes of redesignation. A state remains subject to these
requirements after an area is redesignated to attainment. We conclude
that only the section 110 and part D requirements which are linked with
a particular area's designation and classification are the relevant
measures in evaluating a redesignation request. This approach is
consistent with EPA's existing policy on applicability of conformity
and oxygenated fuels requirements for redesignation purposes, as well
as with section 184 ozone transport requirements. See Reading,
Pennsylvania, proposed and final rulemakings (61 FR 53174-53176,
October 10, 1996), (62 FR 24826, May 7, 1997); Cleveland-Akron-Lorain,
Ohio, final rulemaking (61 FR 20458, May 7, 1996); and Tampa, Florida,
final rulemaking (60 FR 62748, December 7, 1995). See also the
discussion on this issue in the Cincinnati ozone redesignation (65 FR
37890, June 19, 2000), and in the Pittsburgh ozone redesignation (66 FR
50399, October 19, 2001).
We believe that section 110 elements not linked to the area's
nonattainment status are not applicable for purposes of redesignation.
Any section 110 requirements that are linked to the part D requirements
for 8-hour ozone nonattainment areas are not yet due, since, as
explained below, no part D requirements applicable for purposes of
redesignation under the 8-hour standard became due prior to submission
of the redesignation requests. Therefore, as discussed above, for
purposes of redesignation, they are not considered applicable
requirements.
Part D Requirements. EPA has determined that the Indiana SIP meets
applicable SIP requirements under part D of the CAA since no
requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation became due for
the 8-hour ozone standard prior to submission of the Vigo County
redesignation request. Under part D, an area's classification
determines the requirements to which it will be subject. Subpart 1 of
part D, found in sections 172-176 of the CAA, sets forth the basic
nonattainment requirements applicable to all nonattainment areas.
Section 182 of the CAA, found in subpart 2 of part D, establishes
additional specific requirements depending on the area's nonattainment
classification. Vigo County was classified as subpart 1 nonattainment
area, and therefore subpart 2 requirements do not apply.
[[Page 70755]]
Part D, Subpart 1 applicable SIP requirements. For purposes of
evaluating this redesignation request, the applicable part D, subpart 1
SIP requirements for Vigo County are contained in sections 172(c)(1)-
(9). A thorough discussion of the requirements contained in section 172
can be found in the General Preamble for Implementation of Title I (57
FR 13498, April 16, 1992).
No requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation under part
D became due prior to submission of the redesignation request, and,
therefore, none is applicable to the area for purposes of
redesignation. Since the State of Indiana has submitted a complete
ozone redesignation request for Vigo County prior to the deadline for
any submissions required for purposes of redesignation, we have
determined that these requirements do not apply to the Vigo County area
for purposes of redesignation.
Furthermore, EPA has determined that areas being redesignated need
not comply with the requirement that a NSR program be approved prior to
redesignation, provided that the area demonstrates maintenance of the
standard without part D NSR, since PSD requirements will apply after
redesignation. A more detailed rationale for this view is described in
a memorandum from Mary Nichols, Assistant Administrator for Air and
Radiation, dated October 14, 1994, entitled, ``Part D New Source Review
Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to Attainment.''
Indiana has demonstrated that the area will be able to maintain the
standard without part D NSR in effect, and therefore, EPA concludes
that the State need not have a fully approved part D NSR program prior
to approval of the redesignation request. The State's PSD program will
become effective in Vigo County upon redesignation to attainment. See
rulemakings for Detroit, Michigan (60 FR 12467-12468, March 7, 1995);
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, Ohio (61 FR 20458, 20469-20470, May 7, 1996);
Louisville, Kentucky (66 FR 53665, October 23, 2001); and Grand Rapids,
Michigan (61 FR 31834-31837, June 21, 1996).
Section 176 conformity requirements. Section 176(c) of the CAA
requires states to establish criteria and procedures to ensure that
Federally-supported or funded activities, including highway projects,
conform to the air quality planning goals in the applicable SIPs. The
requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation plans,
programs and projects developed, funded or approved under Title 23
U.S.C. and the Federal Transit Act (transportation conformity) as well
as to all other Federally-supported or funded projects (general
conformity). State conformity revisions must be consistent with Federal
conformity regulations relating to consultation, enforcement and
enforceability that the CAA required the EPA to promulgate.
EPA approved Indiana's general conformity SIP on January 14, 1998
(63 FR 2146). Indiana does not have a Federally approved transportation
conformity SIP. However, conformity analyses are performed pursuant to
EPA's Federal conformity rules. Indiana has submitted on-highway motor
vehicle budgets for Vigo County of 2.84 tpd of VOC and 3.67 tpd of
NOX, based on the area's 2015 level of emissions. Vigo
County must use the motor vehicle emissions budgets from the
maintenance plan in any conformity determination that is effective on
or after the effective date of the maintenance plan approval.
EPA believes that it is reasonable to interpret the conformity SIP
requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating the
redesignation request under section 107(d) for two reasons. First, the
requirement to submit SIP revisions to comply with the conformity
provisions of the CAA continues to apply to areas after redesignation
to attainment since such areas would be subject to a section 175A
maintenance plan. Second, EPA's Federal conformity rules require the
performance of conformity analyses in the absence of Federally-approved
state rules. Therefore, because areas are subject to the conformity
requirements regardless of whether they are redesignated to attainment
and must implement conformity under Federal rules if state rules are
not yet approved, EPA believes it is reasonable to view these
requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating a redesignation
request. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), upholding this
interpretation. See also 60 FR 62748 (Dec. 7, 1995) (Tampa, Florida).
Thus, the area has satisfied all applicable requirements under section
110 and part D of the CAA.
b. For purposes of redesignation Vigo County has a fully approved
applicable SIP under section 110(k) of the CAA. EPA has fully approved
the Indiana SIP for Vigo County under section 110(k) of the CAA for all
requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation. EPA may rely on
prior SIP approvals in approving a redesignation request (See the
September 4, 1992 John Calcagni memorandum, page 3, Southwestern
Pennsylvania Growth Alliance v. Browner, 144 F.3d 984, 989-990 (6th
Cir. 1998), Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001)) plus any
additional measures it may approve in conjunction with a redesignation
action. See 68 FR 25426 (May 12, 2003). Since the passage of the CAA of
1970, Indiana has adopted and submitted, and EPA has fully approved,
provisions addressing the various required SIP elements applicable to
Vigo County under the 1-hour ozone standard. No Vigo County area SIP
provisions are currently disapproved, conditionally approved, or
partially approved. As indicated above, EPA believes that the section
110 elements not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and not
linked to the area's nonattainment status are not applicable
requirements for purposes of redesignation. EPA also believes that
since the part D requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation
did not become due prior to submission of the redesignation request,
they also are, therefore, not applicable requirements for purposes of
redesignation.
3. The Improvement in Air Quality Is Due to Permanent and Enforceable
Reductions in Emissions Resulting From Implementation of the SIP and
Applicable Federal Air Pollution Control Regulations and Other
Permanent and Enforceable Reductions (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii))
EPA believes that Indiana has demonstrated that the observed air
quality improvement in Vigo County is due to permanent and enforceable
reductions in emissions resulting from implementation of the SIP,
Federal measures, and other State-adopted measures.
In making this demonstration, the State has calculated the change
in emissions between 1999 and 2004, one of the years Vigo County
monitored attainment. The reduction in emissions and the corresponding
improvement in air quality over this time period can be attributed to a
number of regulatory control measures that Indiana has implemented in
recent years.
a. Permanent and enforceable controls implemented. The following is
a discussion of permanent and enforceable measures that have been
implemented in the area:
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT). Vigo County was not
previously required to be covered by RACT regulations for existing
sources under the CAA. However, Indiana has implemented statewide RACT
controls through the following regulations:
[[Page 70756]]
326-IAC 8-2 Surface Coating Emission Limitations;
326-IAC 8-3 Organic Solvent Degreasing Operations;
326-IAC 8-4 Petroleum Sources;
326-IAC 8-5 Miscellaneous Operations; and
326-IAC 8-6 Organic Solvent Emission Limitations.
NOX rules. In compliance with EPA's NOX SIP
call, Indiana developed rules to control NOX emissions from
Electric Generating Units (EGUs), major non-EGU industrial boilers, and
major cement kilns. These rules required sources to begin reducing
NOX emissions in 2004, with emission reductions increasing
to 31 percent statewide by 2007. It should be noted that statewide
NOX emissions actually began to decline in 2002 as sources
phased in emission controls needed to comply with the State's
NOX emission control regulations. From 2004 on,
NOX emissions from EGUs are capped at a statewide total well
below pre-2002 levels. It should be noted that NOX emissions
are expected to further decline as the State meets the requirements of
EPA's Phase II NOX SIP call (69 FR 21604).
Federal Emission Control Measures. Reductions in VOC and
NOX emissions have occurred statewide as a result of Federal
emission control measures, with additional emission reductions expected
to occur in the future as additional emission controls are implemented.
Federal emission control measures have included: the National Low
Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program, Tier 2 emission standards for
vehicles, gasoline sulfur limits, and heavy-duty diesel engine
standards. In addition, in 2004, EPA issued the Clean Air Non-road
Diesel Rule (69 FR 38958). This rule will reduce off-road diesel
emissions through 2010, with emission reductions starting in 2008.
Indiana commits to maintain the implemented emission control
measures after redesignation of Vigo County to attainment of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. Any revisions to emission control regulations and emission
limits will be submitted to the EPA for approval as SIP revisions.
b. Emission reductions. Indiana is using 1999 for the nonattainment
year inventory, emissions from which are used to compare to the 2004
attainment year inventory to demonstrate that emission reductions (from
1999 to 2004) have contributed to the improvement in air quality.
Emissions estimates were taken directly from the National Emissions
Inventory (NEI), with the following exception. Point source emissions
information was compiled from IDEM's 1999 annual emissions statement
database.
For comparison, IDEM developed an inventory for 2004, one of the
years the area monitored attainment of the 8-hour NAAQS. The point
source sector information was compiled from IDEM's 2004 annual
emissions statement database and the 2004 EPA Air Markets acid rain
database. The area source sector information was taken from the Indiana
2002 periodic inventory submitted to EPA. These projections were made
from the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis growth
factors with some updated local information. The nonroad sector
emission estimates were developed using NONROAD with the following
modifications. Emissions were estimated for two nonroad categories not
included in NONROAD, commercial marine vessels and railroads.
Recreational motorboat population and spatial surrogates (used to
assign emissions to each county) were updated. The populations for the
construction equipment category were reviewed and updated based upon
surveys completed in the Midwest and the temporal allocation for
agricultural sources was also updated. The onroad sector emissions were
calculated using MOBILE 6.2.
Based on the inventories described above, Indiana's submittal
documents changes in VOC and NOX emissions from 1999 to 2004
for Vigo County. Indiana also documented the change in emissions for
the surrounding Western Indiana Counties of Clay, Parke, Sullivan and
Vermillion. Emissions data are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
Table 2.--Comparison of 1999 and 2004 VOC and NOX Emissions for Vigo County (TPSD)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC NOX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sector Net change Net change
1999 2004 (1999-2004) 1999 2004 (1999-2004)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point............................... 7.36 4.84 -2.52 26.65 28.67 2.02
Area................................ 14.18 6.48 -7.70 1.45 0.99 -0.46
Nonroad............................. 2.32 2.76 0.44 5.28 3.39 -1.89
Onroad.............................. 8.30 6.22 -2.08 12.29 9.42 -2.87
------------
Total........................... 32.16 20.30 -11.86 45.67 42.47 -3.20
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Comparison of 1999 and 2004 VOC and NOX Emissions for Surrounding Counties (TPSD)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC NOX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sector Net change Net change
1999 2004 (1999-2004) 1999 2004 (1999-2004)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point............................... 5.52 3.22 -2.30 82.39 62.90 -19.49
Area................................ 19.18 6.76 -12.42 0.94 0.54 -0.40
Nonroad............................. 2.70 4.11 1.41 9.17 6.93 -2.24
Onroad.............................. 7.20 6.12 -1.08 9.87 11.56 1.69
------------
Total........................... 34.60 20.21 -14.39 102.37 81.93 -20.44
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2 shows that Vigo County reduced NOX emissions by
3.20 tpd and VOC emissions by 11.86 tpd between 1999 and 2004. Table 3
shows emissions in the surrounding counties decreased by 14.39 tpd for
VOC and 20.44 tpd for NOX.
[[Page 70757]]
Based on the information summarized above, Indiana has adequately
demonstrated that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent
and enforceable emissions reductions.
4. The Area Has a Fully Approved Maintenance Plan Pursuant to Section
175a of the CAA. (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv))
In conjunction with its request to redesignate the Vigo County
nonattainment area to attainment status, Indiana submitted a SIP
revision to provide for the maintenance of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS in
Vigo County for at least 10 years after redesignation.
a. What is required in a maintenance plan? Section 175A of the CAA
sets forth the required elements of a maintenance plan for areas
seeking redesignation from nonattainment to attainment. Under section
175A, the plan must demonstrate continued attainment of the applicable
NAAQS for at least ten years after the Administrator approves a
redesignation to attainment. Eight years after the redesignation, the
State must submit a revised maintenance plan which demonstrates that
attainment will continue to be maintained for ten years following the
initial ten-year maintenance period. To address the possibility of
future NAAQS violations, the maintenance plan must contain contingency
measures with a schedule for implementation as EPA deems necessary to
assure prompt correction of any future 8-hour ozone violations.
The September 4, 1992 John Calcagni memorandum provides additional
guidance on the content of a maintenance plan. An ozone maintenance
plan should address the following items: The attainment VOC and
NOX emissions inventories, a maintenance demonstration
showing maintenance for the ten years of the maintenance period, a
commitment to maintain the existing monitoring network, factors and
procedures to be used for verification of continued attainment of the
NAAQS, and a contingency plan to prevent or correct future violations
of the NAAQS.
b. Attainment Inventory. The State developed an inventory for 2004,
one of the years the area monitored attainment of the 8-hour NAAQS.
Inventory methodology is described in section 3 above. The attainment
level of emissions is summarized along with the 2010 and 2015 projected
emissions for Vigo County in Table 3 below.
c. Demonstration of Maintenance. As part of the redesignation
request, IDEM submitted revisions to the 8-hour ozone SIP to include a
10-year maintenance plan as required by section 175A of the CAA. For
Vigo County, this demonstration shows maintenance of the 8-hour ozone
standard by assuring that current and future emissions of VOC and
NOX remain at or below attainment year emission levels. A
maintenance demonstration need not be based on modeling. See Wall v.
EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F. 3d 537
(7th Cir. 2004). See also 66 FR 53094, 53099-53100 (October 19, 2001),
68 FR 25430-25432 (May 12, 2003).
IDEM developed projected emissions inventories for 2010 and 2015.
Onroad mobile source emissions were projected using Mobile 6.2 in
accordance with ``Procedures for Preparing Emissions Projections,''
EPA-45/4-91-019. Emissions for the point, area and nonroad sectors were
projected using growth and control files developed by the Midwest
Regional Planning Organization. This method was used to ensure that the
inventories used for redesignation are consistent with modeling
performed in the future. These emission estimates are presented in
Tables 4 and 5 below.
Table 4.--Comparison of 2004-2015 VOC and NOX Emissions for Vigo County (TPSD)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC NOX
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sector Net change Net change
2004 2010 2015 2004-2015 2004 2010 2015 2004-2015
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point................................................. 4.84 7.24 8.42 3.58 28.67 12.91 12.93 -15.74
Area.................................................. 6.48 6.94 7.32 0.84 0.99 1.05 1.08 0.09
Nonroad............................................... 2.76 1.93 1.60 -1.16 3.39 2.01 1.53 -1.86
Onroad................................................ 6.22 3.84 2.58 -3.64 9.42 5.76 3.34 -6.08
------------
Total............................................. 20.30 19.95 19.92 -0.38 42.47 21.73 18.88 -23.59
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5.--Comparison of 2004-2015 VOC and NOX Emissions for Surrounding Counties (TPSD)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC NOX
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sector Net change Net change
2004 2010 2015 2004-2015 2004 2010 2015 2004-2015
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point................................................. 3.22 3.50 3.98 0.76 62.90 36.80 36.97 -25.93
Area.................................................. 6.76 7.16 7.57 0.81 0.54 0.58 0.59 0.05
Nonroad............................................... 4.11 2.98 2.54 -1.57 6.93 3.60 2.98 -3.95
Onroad................................................ 6.12 7.40 4.48 -1.64 11.56 4.31 3.09 -8.47
�������������������������������������������������������
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The emission projections show that in Vigo County emissions are not
expected to exceed the level of the 2004 attainment year inventory
during the 10-year maintenance period. Vigo County VOC and
NOX emissions are projected to decrease by 0.38 tpd and
23.59 tpd, respectively. Surrounding County VOC and NOX
emissions are projected to decrease by 1.64 tpd and 38.30 tpd,
respectively.
IDEM notes that, although ozone modeling is not required to support
ozone redesignation requests, a significant amount of ozone modeling
data exist that support the connection between emissions reductions and
air quality improvement, including modeling data that support a
demonstration of maintenance for Vigo County. IDEM notes that the
available
[[Page 70758]]
modeling data demonstrate that Vigo is significantly impacted by ozone
and ozone precursor transport and that NOX emission
reductions are significantly beneficial for reducing 8-hour ozone
concentrations in Vigo County. IDEM draws the conclusions discussed
below from the various ozone modeling analyses that have addressed the
Midwest.
EPA modeling analyses for the Heavy Duty Engine rule. EPA conducted
ozone modeling for Tier II vehicle and low-sulfur fuels to support the
final rulemaking for the Heavy Duty Engine (HDE) and Vehicle Standards
and Highway Diesel Fuel Rule. This modeling, in part, addressed ozone
levels in Vigo County and the West Central Indiana Counties. A base
year of 1996 was modeled, and the impacts of fuel changes and the
NOX SIP call were addressed for high ozone episodes in 1995.
The modeling supports the conclusion that the fuel improvements and the
NOX SIP call result in significant ozone improvements (lower
projected ozone concentrations) in Vigo County and in the West Central
Indiana Counties. Using the modeling results to determine Relative
Reduction Factors (RRFs)\2\ and, considering the 2001-2003 ozone design
value at the Terre Haute ozone monitor (76 ppb) and at the Sandcut
monitor (87) ppb, IDEM projected the 2007 ozone design value to be 66.1
ppb and 80.4 ppb, at Terre Haute and Sandcut, respectively. Therefore,
the NOX SIP call and the fuel modifications considered in
the ozone modeling were found to significantly improve the ozone levels
in Vigo County.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Relative Reduction Factors are fractional changes in peak
ozone concentrations projected to occur as the result of assumed
changes in precursor emissions resulting from the implementation of
emission control strategies. Relative Reduction Factors are derived
through ozone modeling and are applied to monitored peak ozone
concentrations to project post-control peak ozone levels.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) modeling analysis
for the 8-hour ozone standard assessment. LADCO has performed ozone
modeling to evaluate the effect of the NOX SIP call and Tier
II/Low Sulfur Fuel Rule on 2007 ozone levels in the Lake Michigan area,
which includes Vigo County and the West Central Indiana Counties. Like
the EPA modeling discussed above, this modeling indicates that the
2001-2003 ozone design values for the Vigo County monitoring sites
would be reduced to below-standard levels in 2007 as the result of
implementing the NOX SIP call and the Tier II/Low Sulfur
Fuel Rule.
EPA modeling analysis for the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). EPA
conducted modeling in support of the CAIR rulemaking. The modeling was
based on 1999-2003 design values. Future year modeling was conducted
for Vigo County and future year design values for 2010 and 2015 were
evaluated for attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Results of the CAIR
modeling show that Vigo County should continue to attain the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS in 2010. With additional CAIR reductions in 2015, design
values continue to decrease.
As part of its maintenance plan, the State elected to include a
``safety margin'' for the areas. A ``safety margin'' is the difference
between the attainment level of emissions (from all sources) and the
projected level of emissions (from all sources) in the maintenance plan
which continues to demonstrate attainment of the standard. The
attainment level of emissions is the level of emissions during one of
the years in which the area met the NAAQS. For example, Vigo County
attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS during the 2002-2004 time period.
Indiana uses 2004 as the attainment level of emissions for the area.
The emissions from point, area, nonroad, and mobile sources in 2004
equaled 20.30 tpd of VOC for Vigo County. Projected VOC emissions out
to the year 2015 equaled 19.92 tpd of VOC. The SIP demonstrates that
Vigo County will continue to maintain the standard with emissions at
this level. The safety margin for VOC is calculated to be the
difference between these amounts or, in this case, 0.38 tpd of VOC for
2015. By this same method, 23.59 tpd (i.e., 42.47 tpd less 18.88 tpd)
is the safety margin for NOX for 2015. The emissions are
projected to maintain the area's air quality consistent with the NAAQS.
The safety margin, or a portion thereof, can be allocated to any of the
source categories, as long as the total attainment level of emissions
is maintained.
d. Monitoring Network. Indiana currently operates two ozone
monitors in Vigo County. IDEM has committed to continue operating and
maintaining an approved ozone monitor network in accordance with 40 CFR
part 58.
e. Verification of Continued Attainment. Continued attainment of
the ozone NAAQS in Vigo County depends, in part, on the State's efforts
toward tracking indicators of continued attainment during the
maintenance period. The State's plan for verifying continued attainment
of the 8-hour standard in Vigo County consists of plans to continue
ambient ozone monitoring in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR
part 58. In addition, IDEM will periodically revise and review the VOC
and NOX emissions inventories for Vigo County to ensure that
emissions growth is not threatening the continued attainment of the 8-
hour ozone standard. Emissions inventories will be revised for 2005,
2008, and 2011, as necessary to comply with the emissions inventory
reporting requirements of the CAA. The updated emissions inventories
will be compared to the 2004 emissions inventories to assess emission
trends and assure continued attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard.
f. Contingency Plan. The contingency plan provisions are designed
to promptly correct or prevent a violation of the NAAQS that might
occur after redesignation of an area to attainment. Section 175A of the
CAA requires that a maintenance plan include such contingency measures
as EPA deems necessary to assure that the State will promptly correct a
violation of the NAAQS that might occur after redesignation. The
maintenance plan should identify the contingency measures to be
adopted, a schedule and procedure for adoption and implementation of
the contingency measures, and a time limit for action by the state. The
state should also identify specific indicators to be used to determine
when the contingency measures need to be adopted and implemented. The
maintenance plan must include a requirement that the state will
implement all measures with respect to control of the pollutant(s) that
were contained in the SIP before redesignation of the area to
attainment. See section 175A(d) of the CAA.
As required by section 175A of the CAA, Indiana has adopted a
contingency plan for Vigo County to address a possible future ozone air
quality problem. The contingency plan adopted by Indiana has two levels
of responses, depending on whether a violation of the 8-hour ozone
standard is only threatened (Warning Level) or has occurred or is
imminent (Action Level).
A Warning Level response will occur when an annual (1-year) fourth-
high monitored daily peak 8-hour ozone concentration of 88 ppb or
higher is monitored in a single ozone season at any monitor within the
ozone maintenance area. A Warning Level response will consist of
Indiana performing a study to determine whether the high ozone
concentration indicates a trend toward high ozone levels or whether
emissions are increasing. If a trend toward higher ozone concentrations
exists and is likely
[[Page 70759]]
to continue, the emissions control measures necessary to reverse the
trend will be determined taking into consideration ease and timing of
implementation, as well as economic and social considerations. The
study, including applicable recommended next steps, will be completed
within 12 months from the close of the ozone season with the recorded
high ozone concentration. If emission controls are needed to reverse
the adverse ozone trend, the procedures for emission control selection
under the Action Level response will be followed.
An Action Level response will occur when a two-year average annual
fourth-high monitored daily peak 8-hour ozone concentration of 85 ppb
occurs at any monitor in the ozone maintenance area. A violation of the
standard (a 3-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum
8-hour average ozone concentration of 85 ppb or greater) also triggers
an Action Level response. In this situation, IDEM will determine the
additional emission control measures needed to assure future attainment
of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. IDEM will focus on emission control measures
that can be implemented in a short time, and selected emission control
measures will be adopted and implemented within 18 months from the
close of the ozone season with ozone monitoring data that prompted the
Action Level Response. Adoption of any additional emission control
measures will be subject to the necessary administrative and legal
procedures, including publication of notices and the opportunity for
public comment and response. If a new emission control measure is
adopted by the State (independent of the ozone contingency needs) or is
adopted at a Federal level and is scheduled for implementation in a
time frame that will mitigate an ozone air quality problem, IDEM will
determine whether this emission control measure is sufficient to
address the ozone air quality problem. If IDEM determines that existing
or soon-to-be-implemented emissions control measures should be adequate
to correct the ozone standard violation problem, IDEM may determine
that additional emission control measures at the State level may be
unnecessary. Regardless, IDEM will submit to the EPA an analysis to
demonstrate that proposed emission control measures are adequate to
provide for future attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS in a timely
manner. EPA notes that it is construing this provision to require that
any non-Federal control measure relied upon in lieu of a contingency
measure be included in the State SIP or be submitted to EPA for
approval into the SIP.
Contingency measures contained in the maintenance plan are those
emission controls or other measures that Indiana may choose to adopt
and implement to correct possible air quality problems. These include,
but are not limited to, the following:
i. Lower Reid vapor pressure gasoline requirements;
ii. Broader geographic applicability of existing emission control
measures;
iii. Tightened RACT requirements on existing sources covered by EPA
Control Technique Guidelines (CTGs) issued in response to the 1990 CAA
amendments;
iv. Application of RACT to smaller existing sources;
v. Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M);
vi. One or more Transportation Control Measure (TCM) sufficient to
achieve at least a 0.5 percent reduction in actual area wide VOC
emissions, to be selected from the following:
A. Trip reduction programs, including, but not limited to,
employer-based transportation management plans, area wide rideshare
programs, work schedule changes, and telecommuting;
B. Transit improvements;
C. Traffic flow improvements; and
D. Other new or innovative transportation measures not yet in
widespread use that affect State and local governments as deemed
appropriate;
vii. Alternative fuel and diesel retrofit programs for fleet
vehicle operations;
viii. Controls on consumer products consistent with those adopted
elsewhere in the United States;
ix. VOC or NOX emission offsets for new or modified
major sources;
x. VOC or NOX emission offsets for new or modified minor
sources;
xi. Increased ratio of emission offset required for new sources;
and,
xii. VOC or NOX emission controls on new minor sources
(with VOC or NOX emissions less than 100 tons per year).
g. Provisions for Future Updates of the Ozone Maintenance Plan. As
required by section 175A(b) of the CAA, Indiana commits to submit to
the EPA an update of the ozone maintenance plan eight years after
redesignation of Vigo County to cover an additional 10-year period
beyond the initial 10-year maintenance period.
EPA has concluded that the maintenance plan adequately addresses
the five basic components of a maintenance plan: attainment inventory,
maintenance demonstration, monitoring network, verification of
continued attainment, and a contingency plan. The maintenance plan SIP
revision submitted by Indiana for Vigo County meets the requirements of
section 175A of the CAA.
B. Adequacy of Indiana's Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets (MVEBs)
1. How Are MVEBs Developed and What Are the MVEBs for Vigo County?
Under the CAA, states are required to submit, at various times,
control strategy SIP revisions and ozone maintenance plans for
applicable areas (for ozone nonattainment areas and for areas seeking
redesignations to attainment of the ozone standard). These emission
control strategy SIP revisions (e.g., reasonable further progress SIP
and attainment demonstration SIP revisions) and ozone maintenance plans
create MVEBs based on onroad mobile source emissions for criteria
pollutants and/or their precursors to address pollution from cars and
trucks. The MVEBs are the portions of the total allowable emissions
that are allocated to highway and transit vehicle use that, together
with emissions from other sources in the area, will provide for
attainment or maintenance.
Under 40 CFR part 93, a MVEB for an area seeking a redesignation to
attainment is established for the last year of the maintenance plan.
The MVEB serves as a ceiling on emissions from an area's planned
transportation system. The MVEB concept is further explained in the
preamble to the November 24, 1993, transportation conformity rule (58
FR 62188). The preamble also describes how to establish the MVEB in the
SIP and how to revise the MVEB if needed.
Under section 176(c) of the CAA, new transportation projects, such
as the construction of new highways, must ``conform'' to (i.e., be
consistent with) the part of the SIP that addresses emissions from cars
and trucks. Conformity to the SIP means that transportation activities
will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing air quality
violations, or delay timely attainment of the NAAQS. If a
transportation plan does not conform, most new transportation projects
that would expand the capacity of roadways cannot go forward.
Regulations at 40 CFR part 93 set forth EPA policy, criteria, and
procedures for demonstrating and assuring conformity of such
transportation activities to a SIP.
When reviewing SIP revisions containing MVEBs, including attainment
strategies, rate-of-progress plans, and maintenance plans, EPA must
affirmatively find that the MVEBs are ``adequate'' for use in
determining
[[Page 70760]]
transportation conformity. Once EPA affirmatively finds the submitted
MVEBs to be adequate for transportation conformity purposes, the MVEBs
are used by state and federal agencies in determining whether proposed
transportation projects conform to the SIP as required by section
176(c) of the Clean Air Act. EPA's substantive criteria for determining
the adequacy of MVEBs are set out in 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4).
EPA's process for determining adequacy of a MVEB consists of three
basic steps: (1) Providing public notification of a SIP submission; (2)
providing the public the opportunity to comment on the MVEB during a
public comment period; and (3) EPA's finding of adequacy. The process
of determining the adequacy of submitted SIP MVEBs was initially
outlined in EPA's May 14, 1999 guidance, ``Conformity Guidance on
Implementation of March 2, 1999, Conformity Court Decision.'' This
guidance was finalized in the Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments
for the ``New 8-Hour Ozone and PM2.5 National Ambient Air
Quality Standards and Miscellaneous Revisions for Existing Areas;
Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments--Response to Court Decision
and Additional Rule Change,'' published on July 1, 2004 (69 FR 40004).
EPA follows this guidance and rulemaking in making its adequacy
determinations.
Vigo County's 10-year maintenance plan submission contains new VOC
and NOX MVEBs for 2015. The availability of the SIP
submission with these 2015 MVEBs was announced for public comment on
EPA's Adequacy Web page on July 12, 2005, at: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/transp/conform/currsips.htm. The EPA public comment period on adequacy
of the 2015 MVEBs for Vigo County closed on August 11, 2005. No
requests for this submittal or adverse comments on this submittal were
received during the Adequacy comment period. In an October 25, 2005,
letter, EPA informed IDEM that we had found the 2015 MVEBs to be
adequate for use in transportation conformity analyses.
EPA, through this rulemaking, is proposing to approve the MVEBs for
use to determine transportation conformity in Vigo County because EPA
has determined that the areas can maintain attainment of the 8-hour
ozone NAAQS for the relevant 10-year period with mobile source
emissions at the levels of the MVEBs. IDEM has determined the 2015
MVEBs for Vigo County to be 2.84 tpd for VOC and 3.67 tpd for
NOX. It should be noted that these MVEBs exceed the onroad
mobile source VOC and NOX emissions projected by IDEM for
2015, as summarized in Table 3 above (``onroad'' source sector). IDEM
decided to include safety margins (described further below) of 0.26 tpd
of VOC and 0.33 tpd for NOX in the MVEBs to provide for
mobile source growth. Indiana has demonstrated that Vigo County can
maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 2.84
tpd of VOC and 3.67 tpd of NOX in 2015, including the
allocated safety margins, since emissions will still remain under
attainment year emission levels.
2. What Is the Vigo County Safety Margin?
As noted in Table 4, Vigo County VOC and NOX emissions
are projected to have safety margins of 0.38 tpd for VOC and 23.59 tpd
for NOX in 2015 (the difference between the attainment year,
2004, emissions and the 2015 emissions for all sources in Vigo County).
Even if emissions reached the full level of the safety margin, the
County would still demonstrate maintenance since emission levels would
equal those in the attainment year.
The MVEBs requested by IDEM contain safety margins for mobile
sources significantly smaller than the allowable safety margins
reflected in the total emissions for Vigo County. The State is not
requesting allocation of the entire available safety margins reflected
in the demonstration of maintenance. Therefore, even though the State
is requesting MVEBs that exceed the onroad mobile source emissions for
2015 contained in the demonstration of maintenance, the increase in
onroad mobile source emissions that can be considered for
transportation conformity purposes is well within the safety margins of
the ozone maintenance demonstration. Further, once allocated to mobile
sources, these safety margins will not be available for use by other
sources.
VII. Proposed Actions
EPA is proposing to make a determination that Vigo County has
attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS, and EPA is proposing to approve the
redesignation of Vigo County from nonattainment to attainment for the
8-hour ozone NAAQS. After evaluating Indiana's redesignation request,
EPA is proposing to determine that it meets the redesignation criteria
set forth in section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. Any final approval of
this redesignation request would change the official designation for
Vigo County from nonattainment to attainment for the 8-hour ozone
standard.
EPA is also proposing to approve the maintenance plan SIP revision
for Vigo County. The proposed approval of the maintenance plan is based
on Indiana's demonstration that the plan meets the requirements of
section 175A of the CAA, as described more fully above. Additionally,
EPA is finding adequate and proposing to approve the 2015 MVEBs
submitted by Indiana in conjunction with the redesignation requests.
VIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Executive Order 12866; Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this
proposed action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' and
therefore is not subject to review by the Office of Management and
Budget.
Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
Because it is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under
Executive Order 12866 or a ``significant energy action,'' this proposed
action is also not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001).
Regulatory Flexibility Act
This action merely approves state law as meeting Federal
requirements and imposes no additional requirements beyond those
imposed by state law. Redesignation of an area to attainment under
section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act does not impose any new
requirements on small entities. Redesignation is an action that affects
the status of a geographical area and does not impose any new
regulatory requirements on sources. Accordingly, the Administrator
certifies that this proposed rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Because this rule proposes to approve pre-existing requirements
under state law and does not impose any additional enforceable duty
beyond that required by state law, it does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as
described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4).
[[Page 70761]]
Executive Order 13175 Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This proposed rule also does not have tribal implications because
it will not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian
tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian
tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between
the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified by Executive
Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Executive Order 13132 Federalism
This proposed action also does not have federalism implications
because it does not have substantial direct effects on the states, on
the relationship between the National Government and the States, or on
the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels
of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999). Redesignation is an action that merely affects the
status of a geographical area, does not impose any new requirements on
sources, or allows a state to avoid adopting or implementing other
requirements, and does not alter the relationship or the distribution
of power and responsibilities established in the Clean Air Act.
Executive Order 13045 Protection of Children From Environmental Health
and Safety Risks
This proposed rule also is not subject to Executive Order 13045
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), because it is not economically
significant.
National Technology Transfer Advancement Act
In reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state
choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. In
this context, in the absence of a prior existing requirement for the
state to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS), EPA has no authority
to disapprove a SIP submission for failure to use VCS. It would thus be
inconsistent with applicable law for EPA, when it reviews a SIP
submission, to use VCS in place of a SIP submission that otherwise
satisfies the provisions of the Clean Air Act. Redesignation is an
action that affects the status of a geographical area but does not
impose any new requirements on sources. Thus, the requirements of
section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) do not apply.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule does not impose an information collection burden
under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C.
3501 et seq.).
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental
relations, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Volatile organic compounds.
40 CFR Part 81
Air pollution control, Environmental protection, National parks,
Wilderness areas.
Dated: November 15, 2005.
Bharat Mathur,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 5.
[FR Doc. 05-23221 Filed 11-22-05; 8:45 am]
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